花粉介导法获得玉米转基因植株(英文)

利用花粉作为外源基因的载体进行遗传转化在玉米 (ZeamaysL .)上获得了成功。以玉米自交系太 910 1、综 31等为受体 ,以pGLⅡ_RC_1质粒为供体 ,在玉米开花期 ,用花粉与质粒DNA混合并附加超声波处理 ,然后辅以人工授粉的方法将外源基因导入到受体中。DNA斑点杂交和PCR扩增以及PCR_Southernblot杂交检测结果证明 ,几丁质酶基因确已导入玉米自交系中。所得结果表明 :玉米花粉可以介导外源基因的转化。利用花粉作为载体介导外源基因转化 ,避免了传统的基因枪法和土壤杆菌法转化所要求的组织培养技术 ,转化方法简单 ,易操作 ,具有很强的实用性     

电击法诱导的欧白英原生质体转化和转化植株再生

本研究使用电击法成功地将带有标记基因NPTⅡ的质粒pCaMVNEO转入欧白英的原生质体,并获得了再生转化植株。通过用pDW2质粒进行的CAT基因短暂表达研究,确定了欧白英原生质体转化的电击条件为：电容30nF、电场强度l 500V／cm、时间衰变常数59．4微秒;质粒DNA浓度为20μg／2×10⁶原生质体。在以上条件下,欧白英原生质体的相对转化率为12．4％,绝对转化率为2.4×10^-4在大多数抗性愈伤组织和从抗性愈伤组织再生的植株中检测到新霉素磷酸转移酶活性。分子杂交结果也证明了在转化植株中存在NPTⅡ基因序列,而未转化的对照植株则没有。     

根癌农杆菌介导转化诸葛菜获得转基因植株

以诸葛菜下胚轴和子叶为材料,在附加BA和NAA的MS培养基上诱导芽再生,在1／2MS培养基上诱导生根,获得完整再生植株,建立了诸葛菜组织培养高频再生体系,再用很癌农杆菌介导转化诸葛菜下胚轴和子叶,在附加一定量的氨苄青霉素、头孢霉素和卡那霉素的相应培养基上进行筛选,并培养再生成苗,获得完整抗性再生植株,移植到盛有土壤的花盆中均可存活,生长正常。将再生植株叶片,进行GUS、NPTⅡ酶活性测定和Southernblot分子杂交,证实外源基因已稳定整合到植物基因组中,并高效表达。     

Transformation of Brassica napus Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Regeneration of Transgenic Plants

Seeds of Brassica napus L. cv. "Yunbei 2" were surface-sterilized and germinated on hormone-free MS medium. After 4—5 days the cotyledons were excised in such a way that each has a 1—2 mm petiole was remained at its base. These cotyledons were used as the explants for tissue culture and genetic transformation. This paper first deals with the improvement of the medium for shoot regeneration. Of the elements tested, AgNO3 and carbenicillin enhanced shoot regeneration. The highest frequency (52 %) was obtained on MS medium containing 4.5 mg/L BAP, 20 μmol/L AgNOa and 500 mg/L earbenicillin. An efficient gene transfer system based on the regeneration procedure was established. After 2 days of cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain A208SE (pTi T37-SE, pROA93), the explants were transferred onto selection medium containing 25 mg/L kanamycin. After 1.5 months shoots emerged from 27% of the explants inoculated. They were excised and transferred onto rooting medium containing 25 mg/L kanamycin and 200 mg/L cefotaxime which is better than carbenicillin for root induction. Whole plants were transplanted into pots, and grew well in the phytotron. Transformation was confirmed by β-glueuronidase assay and Southern blotting analysis.     

根癌农杆菌介导转化水稻成熟胚及转Metr基因植株的获得

以粳稻品种广陵香糯为材料,用携带有双元载体pBB的根癌农杆菌EHA105为载体,研究了根癌农杆菌介导转化粳稻成熟胚愈伤组织的几个影响因素,建立了合适的粳稻成熟胚愈伤组织转化系统。一种基于MS为基本培养基的商品培养基(HRM)较适合于作为粳稻成熟胚愈伤组织诱导培养基,合适的愈伤组织诱导培养天数为7~8 d,合适的筛选培养基为CC培养基。在此基础上,将Metr基因导入粳稻品种广陵香糯中,获得了一批转基因水稻植株,PCR分析表明外源基因已经整合进了水稻的基因组中。部分转基因植株后代遗传分析表明外源基因的分离符合3∶1的理论比例。     

水稻转化体系的改进及转os-miR398基因植株的获得

针对根癌农杆菌介导的愈伤转化技术在实际应用中转化效率低及农杆菌污染等问题,对该方法在水稻转化过程进行改良:(1)在转化前将空白愈伤从培养基取出,于室温放置在空白皿中约24 h,使之处于饥饿状态,以利于T-DNA转化并提高转化率;(2)在愈伤与农杆菌共培养并经无菌洗脱后,在转移到相应培养基之前,将其于室温下继续放置在含有滤纸的培养皿里约24 h,从而有效地抑制农杆菌生长.采用本改良措施,成功将所克隆构建的os-miR398(水稻microRNA398)前体基因表达载体转化入水稻,与对照相比,改良后水稻转化效率可提高10%.     

转SAMS基因玉米自交系获得及抗旱性分析

以玉米自交系‘掖478’的茎尖为受体,采用农杆菌介导法将小麦抗旱SAMS基因转入玉米中,用PCR和RT-PCR法对转化玉米进行检测,并以18%PEG-6000模拟水分胁迫对T1代转基因玉米和非转基因玉米进行抗旱性分析。结果显示:(1)共转化518个玉米芽,得到453株转化苗。获得T0代阳性植株16株,转化率为3.53%,有14株自交结实,经RT-PCR检测,T1代转基因玉米有9个株系为稳定遗传阳性株系。(2)在同一水分胁迫时间下,转基因玉米的叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量和SOD活性均高于非转基因玉米,而转基因玉米叶片的电导率、MDA含量均低于非转基因玉米。在60 h水分胁迫处理下,转基因玉米叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量和SOD活性比非转基因玉米上升8.16%、20.02%、32.21%、22.77%,而转基因玉米叶片的电导率、MDA含量比非转基因玉米下降14.38%、29.41%。研究表明,通过导入SAMS基因,可以提高玉米的抗旱性。     

转苏云金杆菌毒蛋白基因玉米植株的获得及其抗虫性分析

玉米( Zea mays L.)转化成功与否与基因型密切相关.在转化过程中,除少数模式品种能够形成再生频率较高且易转化的Ⅱ型愈伤组织外,大多数栽培品种往往只能够形成再生频率较低且不易转化的Ⅰ型愈伤组织.因此探索Ⅰ型愈伤组织的诱导及其转化条件,提高转化效率,对直接改良玉米优良自交系具有重要意义.应用基因枪转化技术将苏云金杆菌( Bacillus thuringiensis ) cry1Ac3基因导入玉米优良自交系E28及340的Ⅰ型胚性愈伤组织中,经过膦丝菌素(PPT)或潮霉素(HygB)筛选,获得了再生植株.经PCR检测、Southern blot分析及Bt毒蛋白ELISA检测证实,外源基因已整合到玉米基因组中,并已获得表达.抗虫性分析结果表明,部分转基因玉米植株对玉米螟虫有较强的抗性.还比较了PPT和HygB两种筛选剂的筛选效果,表明PPT筛选的抗性愈伤组织的再生频率要高于HygB筛选的再生频率.     

转苏云金杆菌毒蛋白基因玉米植株的获得及其抗虫性分析

玉米 (ZeamaysL .)转化成功与否与基因型密切相关。在转化过程中 ,除少数模式品种能够形成再生频率较高且易转化的Ⅱ型愈伤组织外 ,大多数栽培品种往往只能够形成再生频率较低且不易转化的Ⅰ型愈伤组织。因此探索Ⅰ型愈伤组织的诱导及其转化条件 ,提高转化效率 ,对直接改良玉米优良自交系具有重要意义。应用基因枪转化技术将苏云金杆菌 (Bacillusthuringiensis)cry1Ac3基因导入玉米优良自交系E2 8及 34 0的Ⅰ型胚性愈伤组织中 ,经过膦丝菌素 (PPT)或潮霉素 (HygB)筛选 ,获得了再生植株。经PCR检测、Southernblot分析及Bt毒蛋白ELISA检测证实 ,外源基因已整合到玉米基因组中 ,并已获得表达。抗虫性分析结果表明 ,部分转基因玉米植株对玉米螟虫有较强的抗性。还比较了PPT和HygB两种筛选剂的筛选效果 ,表明PPT筛选的抗性愈伤组织的再生频率要高于HygB筛选的再生频率。     

利用脉冲电泳技术转化玉米获得转基因植株的研究

本研究采用脉冲电泳技术将外源Bar基因和B-t基因转化玉米种胚并直接成苗,通过除草剂抗性初步筛选,再进行PCR检测、Southem杂交验证,探讨了脉冲电泳介导外源基因直接转化玉米种胚的有效性,结果表明：脉冲电泳技术介导玉米转基因是有效可行的,其T0代植株PCR阳性率与T1代植株转化率分别为11．36％和1．04％。在外源基因的转化中,处于不同启动子下的B-t基因和Bar基因共转化频率为90．9％。T1代PCR表现为阳性的植株Southem杂交结果显示脉冲电泳法介导的外源基因在受体中多为单拷贝,且已遗传给后代,并获得稳定表达。     

Transfer of Lysine-rich Protein Gene into Rice and Production of Fertile Transgenic Plants

Lysine-rich protein gene (lys) was cloned from Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. A plant expression plasmid was constructed and lys gene was under the control of maize ubiquitin promoter which is the highest efficient monocotyledon promoter. The plasmid was introduced into rice embryogenic calli by microprojectile bombardment. The regenerated fertile plants were obtained by effective selection for hygromycin B resistance. Genomic PCR and Southern blotting analyses showed that the lys gene has been integrated into rice genome. Simultaneously, the results of GUS histochemical assay demonstrated the transgenic rice plants. Data analysis showed that lysine content in most of the 11 transgenic plants is differently improved, and in one of them increased by 16.04%.     

高赖氨酸蛋白基因导入水稻及可育转基因植株的获得

构建了一个植物高效表达质粒,使来源于四棱豆（Psophocarpus tetragonolobus(L.)DC)的高赖氨酸蛋白基因（lys）受控于单子叶植物ubiqutin强启动子下表达。用基因枪法将其导入水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼胚诱导的愈伤组织,经潮霉素抗性筛选,得到可育的再生植株。经PCR和Southem blotting检测,表明该基因已整合到水稻的基因组织。GUS组织化学染色表明转基因水稻植株的叶、茎和根中均有gus基因的表达。测定112株转基因水稻叶片中赖氨酸叶量,大部分植株有不同程度的提高,最高幅度为16．04％。     

茄子子叶原生质体再生可育植株

将茄子子叶原生质体放在0.75％纤维素酶R-10、0.2％半纤维素酶Rhozyme和0.2％果胶酶溶液中分离。原生质体在培养基中诱导出小愈伤组织。愈伤组织在Ms+2mg/l KT+0.005mg/l NAA+2％蔗糖的固体培养基中,一个月后分化出芽。芽生长至3—4厘米高,转接在Ms+0.1mg/l 1AA+1％活性炭+2％蔗糖的培养基上,一个星期后可长出根,继而形成完整植株。随后移栽至灭菌的混合土壤中长到开花结果。     

无选择标记基因植物转化系统研究进展

在转基因植物中,将选择标记基因去掉,将提高转基因植物的食用安全性和对环境的安全性,更易为广大消费者所接受,也有利于对同一个植物品种进行多次转基因操作。科学工作者已经在建立无选择标记基因转化系统方面作了大量尝试,获得了无标记基因的转基因植物(MFTPs:MarkerFreeTransgenicPlants)。本文将这方面的研究进展介绍给大家,以推动植物生物技术产业化进程。     

玉米遗传转化与商业化转基因玉米开发*

玉米是世界上种植面积最大的粮食作物,为了提高玉米产量和满足人类需求,转基因育种已经成为改良玉米性状的有效手段。自1996年美国种植商业化转基因玉米以来,利用玉米遗传转化技术开发商业化转基因玉米已取得巨大成功。综述了玉米遗传转化体系优化的重要步骤,系统总结了已开发的商业化转基因玉米的种类,并对玉米遗传转化未来发展方向进行了展望。     

根癌土壤杆菌介导转化诸葛菜子叶获得转基因植株

采用诸葛菜子叶为材料。在MS+BA 3mg／l,+NAA O．2mg／L培养基上诱导芽的再生,1／2 MS+IBA 0．03mg／L．上诱导生根,获得完整再生植株,建立了诸葛莱组织培养高频再生系统,其再生率可达100％。采用土壤杆菌介导转化诸葛菜子叶．在附加一定量的氨苄青霉索、头孢霉素和卡那霉素的相应培养基上进行筛选,进而培养出再生成苗。获得完整植株,经GUS和NPTI酶活测定,以及Southern blot分析．证实为转基因植株。转化子叶的芽再生率为51％．获得完整转基因植株的转化率为5．53％。在国内外首次建立了以根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)为载体,诸葛菜子叶为受体的遗传操作系统。     

AtNHX1基因对荞麦的遗传转化及抗盐再生植株的获得

通过农杆菌介导法将拟南芥液泡膜Na /H 反向转运蛋白基因AtNHX1转入荞麦中,在2·0mg/L6-BA、0·1mg/LIAA、1mg/LKT、50mg/L卡那霉素和500mg/L头孢霉素的MS培养基上进行选择培养,从来源于864块外植体的36块抗性愈伤组织中共获得426棵再生植株(转化频率为4·17%)。经PCR、Southern印迹分析、RT-PCR和Northern检测,初步证实AtNHX1基因已整合至荞麦基因组中。用200mmol/L的盐水对转基因植株和对照植株进行胁迫处理6周,转基因植株能够生存,而对照植株死亡。用不同浓度的NaCl溶液处理转基因植株和对照植株,发现Na 及脯氨酸含量在转基因植株中的积累水平显著高于对照植株,而K 的含量在转基因植株中的积累水平低于对照植株。次生代谢产物黄酮类化合物芦丁在转基因植株根、茎和叶片中的含量也比对照植株明显要高。这些结果表明利用基因工程手段提高作物的耐盐性是可行的。     

转水稻NibT基因玉米植株的获得及抗病性研究

以玉米(Zea mays L.)自交系'金黄96B'为受体材料,供体为质粒pWM101并携带有水稻矮缩病病毒复制酶基因Nib的提前终止突变体基因NibT,采用超声波处理花粉介导植物基因转化方法将NibT基因导入受体,经PCR检测和Southern杂交分析证实获得转基因植株,进而对T1～T3代转基因植株(株系)进行分子分析、田间抗病鉴定和农艺性状调查.逐代分子检测分析结果证明,目的基因可稳定遗传.抗病鉴定结果证明转基因植株(株系)各代抗病水平基本一致,抗病性比对照提高3级.农艺性状调查分析表明,与对照比较,转基因植株株高增加7～18 cm、穗位高增高0～13 cm、穗长增加0.7～2.1 cm、穗粒数多8～35粒、百粒重增加1.1～2.6 g,转基因株系与阴性对照间、各代转基因株系相互间都差异显著(P＜0.05);调查还发现转基因植株的株高和穗位高随着世代的增加,与对照间的差异逐代减少.研究也说明,超声波处理花粉介导植物基因转化方法是一种简捷、快速和有效的植物转化工具.     

Regeneration of Fertile Barley Plants from Mechanically Isolated Protoplasts of the Fertilized Egg Cell

A simple procedure is described for the mechanical isolation of protoplasts of unfertilized and fertilized barley egg cells from dissected ovules. Viable protoplasts were isolated from ~75% of the dissected ovules. Unfertilized protoplasts did not divide, whereas almost all fertilized protoplasts developed into microcalli. These degenerated when grown in medium only. When cocultivated with barley microspores undergoing microspore embryogenesis, the protoplasts of the fertilized egg cells developed into embryo-like structures that gave rise to fully fertile plants. On average, 75% of cocultivated protoplasts of fertilized egg cells developed into embryo-like structures. Fully fertile plants were regenerated from ~50% of the embryo-like structures. The isolation-regeneration techniques may be largely genotype independent, because similar frequencies were obtained in two different barley varieties with very different performance in anther and microspore culture. Protoplasts of unfertilized and fertilized eggs of wheat were isolated by the same procedure, and a fully fertile wheat plant was regenerated by cocultivation with barley microspores.     

Regeneration of Fertile Plants from Callus in Phaseolus polyanthus Greenman (Year Bean)

For the first time, plant regeneration of several domesticatedgenotypes of Phaseolus polyanthus Greenman (year bean) has beenachieved. Thidiazuron in combination with indole-3-acetic acidwas used to induce morphogenic, green nodular callus from explantsthat had been obtained either from greenhouse-grown plants orfrom in vitro -germinated seeds. Of the six genotypes of P.polyanthus tested, five produced shoots in vitro. Regeneratedshoots that formed roots in vitro were established in the greenhouse,whereas non-rooted shoots could be established in vitro by grafting.Morphologically normal progeny plants were obtained from thegreenhouse-established regenerants. However, by using the sameprocedure, no regeneration response was observed in two domesticatedand two wild genotypes of P. coccineus L. (runner bean). Thisprotocol should help achieve Agrobacterium - or particle bombardment-mediatedgenetic transformation to improve this important food legume.Copyright 2001 Annals of Botany Company Callus, genetic transformation, grafting, legumes, organogenesis, Phaseolus coccineus L., Phaseolus polyanthus Greenman, Phaseolus vulgaris L