NINE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS STYLOTERMES FROM CHINA (Isoptera)

The present paper deals with nineteen species of the genus Styloter mes from China, in which some species are revised. They are summarized in the following key, in which nine species are described as new to science. Stylotermes choui is named in honour of Professor Chou Io, Chief Editor of Entomotaxonomia. All type specimens are kept in Guangdong Institute of Entomology.     

NINE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS EUHAMITERMES FROM CHINA(ISOPTERA:TERMITIDAE)

Is the present paper, the new species of the genus Euhamitermesfrom China are described. They are summarized in the following key. Euhamitermes yui Ping is named in memory of Professor Swett T. Yu. All measurements are in millimeters. All the type specimens are keptin Guangdong Institute of Entomology.     

STUDIES ON THE TAXONOMY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE CHINESE ORETINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: DREPANIDAE)

A total of 3 genera and 26 species of the Chinese Oretinae are represented in this paper; among them 13 species are described as new to science. All the type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology. An account of the geographic distribution is given in accompanying with a distribution map. From the distribution of 23 species,of Oreta, the richest areas are ap-     

LATE SINIAN(TUBULAR) METAZOAN FOSSILS:CLOUDINA AND SINOTUBUL ITES FROM SOUTHERN SHAANXI

One of the mostmomentous events in the his-tory of life was the acquisition and evolution ofskeletons.Tubular fossils of Cloudina and Sino-tubulites are the earliest biomineralized Metazoaever known.Cloudina and Sinotubulites are contained inabundance in the Gaojiashan Member,DengyingFormation in Ningqiang County,ShaanxiProvince.On the basis of very rich collections,notonly are the macro- structures described in detailbut also the micro- textures are lucubrated.Cloudina Germs,1 972 was f…     

NOTES ON THE GENUS RETICULITERMES HOLMGREN FROM GUIZHOU PROVINCE,CHINA(ISOPTERA:RHINOTERMITIDAE)

The present paper deals with forteen species of the genus Reticulitermesfrom Guizhou Province collected in 1978—1984.They are summarized in thefollowing key,in which three species are new to scince.All measurements arein millimeters.All the type specimens are kept in the Guangdong EntomologicalInstitute and a part of the para-type specimens separately deposited in theGuizhou Institute of Forestry.     

Development of setal patterns in embryonic and adult aphids of the Hormaphidinae （Hemiptera： Aphididae）

The elementary traits and diversity of embryonic setal patterns of 31 species of 22 genera, in three tribes of Hormaphidinae are studied. The embryonic setal patterns to every species are provided. Based on the parsimony principle and the developmental principle, these patterns are analyzed in each tribe following the terminology of Richards （1965）. It is suggested that the setal patterns of abdominal tergites are the most important characters in embryonic and adult setal patterns. In conclusion, neoteny is a phylogenetic trend in the Hormaphidinae. Nipponaphidini and Hormaphidini have more typical neoteny in each genus and more diversity in different types of adult viviparous females than Cerataphidini, by showing more frequent and various protopatterns or mesopatterns.     

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHINESE PLATYCORYNUS (COLEOPTERA: EUMOLPIDAE)

Six species and one subspecies of Chinese Platycorynus Chevr. are here describedas new. All the type specimens of new species are deposited in the Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica, those of the new subspecies are deposited in the Kunming Institute ofZoology, Academia Sinica.     

Ongoing Applicative Studies of Plant Thioredoxins

Studies triggered by the discovery of the function of thioredoxin （Trx） in photosynthesis have revealed its role throughout biology. Parallel biochemical and proteomic analyses have led to the identification of its numerous puta- tive targets. Recently, to verify the biological significance of these targets, in vivo studies using transformants in which Trx is overexpressed or suppressed are in progress, and the transformants themselves that are being used in such studies show their potential applicative values. Moreover, Trx＇s mitigation of allergenicity for some proteins offers promising prospects in the food industry. Practical studies based on redox regulation, once only on the horizon, are now achieving new dimensions. This short review focuses on the industrial applications of Trx studies, the current situation, and future perspectives. The putative targets obtained by the proteomics approach in comparison with in vivo observations of the transformants are also examined. Applicative studies of glutathione, a counterpart of Trx, are also discussed briefly.     

ON THE CHINESE CROESIA HUBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES

Croesia is a small genus of Subfamily Tortricidae, Tribe Tortricini, established by H?bner in 1825. 27 species have been recorded in the world; except 3 species in North America and one species in Europe, the rest 23 species are all distributed in Asia. Among them, 9 species are recorded in China. We have had an opportunity of examining 11 species occurring in China, of which 5 are     

HDACs, histone deacetylation and gene transcription： from molecular biology to cancer therapeutics

Histone deacetylases （HDACs） and histone acetyl transferases （HATs） are two counteracting enzyme families whose enzymatic activity controls the acetylation state of protein lysine residues, notably those contained in the N-terminal extensions of the core histones. Acetylation of histones affects gene expression through its influence on chromatin conformation. In addition, several non-histone proteins are regulated in their stability or biological function by the acetylation state of specific lysine residues. HDACs intervene in a multitude of biological processes and are part of a multiprotein family in which each member has its specialized functions. In addition, HDAC activity is tightly controlled through targeted recruitment, protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Control of cell cycle progression, cell survival and differentiation are among the most important roles of these enzymes. Since these processes are affected by malignant transformation, HDAC inhibitors were developed as antineoplastic drugs and are showing encouraging efficacy in cancer patients.     

低氧预适应的脑机制

A concept ot tissue adaptation to hypoxia( i.e. hypoxic preconditioning) was developed and its corresponding animal models were reproduced in 1966s. The methods of model reproduction in rat, rabbit, and mouse in particular and the main results are brifly introduced in this review. The tolerance to hypoxia o{ preconditioned animals is significantly increased. Regular changes in animals‘ behavior, neurophysiology, respiratory and circulatory physiology, neuromorphology in vivo and {unction of brain and spinal cord in vitro are briefly demonstrated. The protective effects in vivo and in vitro of homogenate extract taken from the brain o{ preconditioned animals, neurochemcals and molecular neurobiolcgical alterations are briefly presented. The essence and significance of tissue adaption to hypoxia/hypoxic preconditioning are discussed in the review in terms of evolution and practical implication.     

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS MICROCEROTERMES SILVESTRI FROM GUANGDONG AND GUANGXI,CHINA (Isoptera:Termidae)

In this paper,four species of the Genus Microcerotermes Silvestri are described asnew from Guangdong and Guangxi,China.All measurements are in millimeter.Alltype specimens are deposited in the Guangdong Institute of Entomology. Key to species of Microcerotermes from Guangdong and Guangxi     

The structure of the nucleosome core particle of chromatin in chicken erythrocytes visualized by using atomic force microscopy

The structure of the nuclosome core particle of chromatin in chicken erythrocytes has been examined by using AFM.The 146 bp of DNA wrapped twice around the core histone octamer are clearly visualized.Both the ends of entry/exit of linker DNA are also demonstrated.The dimension of the nucleosome core particles is - 1-4 nm in height and - 13-22 nm in width.In addition,superbeads (width of - 48-57 nm,height of - 2-3 nm )are occasionally revealed,two turns of DNA around the core particles are also detected.     

Screening of tumor-targeting peptides for diagnosis and therapy through phage display technology

Phage display technology was introduced by G. Smith in 1985, which is highly effective in the selection of affinity peptides from a library containing billions of display peptides. The obtained peptides show potential efficacy in the development of further clinical applications, especially in tumor treatment. In this review, the basic principles, limits, developments of phage display technology and peptide libraries are introduced. Following that, the amino acid sequence of tumor target peptides for hematological and other systems are discussed. Finally, the application of target peptides in the design of imaging probes and the development of target peptide drugs for diagnosis and therapy are noted.     

The Presence and Localization of Thioredoxins in Diatoms,Unicellular Algae of Secondary Endosymbiotic Origin

Diatoms are unicellular algae of great ecological importance. So far, very little is known about the regulation of carbon fixation in these algae; however, there are strong indications that in diatom plastids, the ferredoxin/thioredoxin system might play a minor role in redox regulation of the photosynthetic reactions compared to land plants. Until now, it is unknown whether there are fewer or other target enzymes of thioredoxins in diatoms. Only a single potential target enzyme for thioredoxin, the plastidic fructose-l,6-bisphosphatase, has yet been identified. Nevertheless, during the annotation of the genome of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, we identified several genes encoding different thioredoxins. Utilizing in vivo expression of GFP：presequence fusion proteins in P. tricornutum, we were able to show that these thioredoxins are targeted either into plastids, mitochondria, or remain in the cytosol. Surprisingly, two of the three usually cytosolic thioredoxin h proteins are apparently plastid associated and, together with a thioredoxin reductase, putatively located in the periplastidic compartment. This is one of the few indications for so far unknown enzymatic reactions in the space between the two pairs of diatom plastid envelope membranes.     

TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON THE SCIARIDAE (PIPTERA: NEMATOCERA)OF GUIZHOU

The family Sciaridae of Guizhou Province contains 10 genera and 57 species, ofwhich 1 genus and 43 species are new to science. The new taxa are described in taxonomickeys. The type specimens are kept in the Insect Collection of Beijing Agricultural Univer-sity. The letters given here are locality abbreviations used in the genus and specics listthat follows.     

New species of the isolated Psaroniaceous rachis from the Early Permian in China

A new kind of marattialean raches are reported from the coal balls in Coal Seam No.7 in the upper part of the Taiyuan Formation （early Early Permian） from Taiyuan, Shanxi, China and are assigned to the genus Stipitopteris Grand＇Eury （Psaroniaceae）. The present specimens are different from all six reported species of the genus, and are therefore proposed as a new species： Stipitopteris shanxiensis. The raches of the new species are generally dorsi-ventrally flattened. The main raches usually exhibit scales of different forms on their surface. Beneath the epidermis is a zone of parenchymatous cells, some of which contain tannin-like contents. Inside this is a zone of small sclerenchymatous cells. Inward are the ground tissue and vascular bundles. The vascular bundles are continuous and are in two circles： the outer circle assumes a transversely elliptical shape with the gap and pinna trace, and the inner circle assumes a shallow C.shape with inrolled ends. The ground tissue located at the inner side of the vascular bundle is composed of thicker-walled parenchymatous cells. The cells of the ground tissue are vertically elongated in longitudinal sections. Subordered raches are smaller and have simpler structures than the main raches. The parenchyma zone beneath the epidermis is thinner, usually one to two cells wide and the sclerenchyma zone is usually absent. The scales are poorly developed and there is only one C-shaped vascular bundle. The new species is comparable to the crosiers of Psaroniaceae of the Euramerican Flora in some aspects, for example, it has a dorsi-ventrally flattened rachis and scales on the surface of the rachis. However, the other features and the preservative conditions of the present specimens indicate that they are not crosiers, but fully developed or mature raches. The new species is the first well-studied anatomically-preserved rachis of Psaroniaceae from the Cathaysian Flora and bears significance not only in understanding the anatomy and taxonomy of Psaroniaceae in the Cathaysian Flora, but also in the relationship between the Euramerican Flora and the Cathaysian Flora.     

Studies on the mitotic chromosome scaffold of Allium sativum

An argentophilic structure is present in the metaphase chromosomes of garlic(Allium sativum),Cytochemical studies indicate that the main component of the structure is non-histone proteins(NHPs).The results of light and electron microscopic observations reveal that the chromosme NHP scaffold is a network which is composed of fibres and granules and distributed throughout the chromosomes.In the NHP network,there are many condensed regions that are connected by redlatively looser regions.The distribution of the condensed regions varies in individual chromosomes.In some of the chromosomes the condensed regions are lognitudinally situsted in the central part of a chromatid while in others these regions appear as coillike transverse bands.At early metaphase.scaffolds of the sister chromatids of a chromosome are linked to each other in the centromeric region,meanwhile,they are connected by scafold materials along the whole length of the chromosome.At late metaphase,however,the connective scaffold materials between the two sister chromatids disappear gradually and the chromatids begin to separate from one another at their ends.but the chromatids are linked together in the centromeric region until anaphase.This connection seems to be related to the special structure of the NHP scaffold formed in the centromeric region.The morphological features and dynamic changes of the chromosome scaffold are discussed.     

NOTES ON THE CENTROTYPUS FROM CHINA (Homoptera: Membracidae)

Eight species of Centrotypus St?l from China are noted in the present paper. Five among them are new to science. Two species are new records to Chinese fauna. These eight species are listed in the following key. Key to species of genus Centrotypus from China