家蝇幼虫提取物对辐射小鼠的免疫调节作用

研究了家蝇Musca domestica幼虫提取物对辐射小鼠的免疫调节作用。测定了小鼠的脏器官指数,NK细胞活性,T、B淋巴细胞增值活性及小鼠血清SOD活性和MDA含量等指标。结果表明：经口给予一定剂量的家蝇幼虫提取物对辐射和未辐射小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数变化有显著影响,均可提高NK细胞活性,T、B淋巴细胞增值活性及小鼠血清SOD活性,同时可降低小鼠血清中的MDA含量。结果显示家蝇幼虫提取物对辐射和未辐射小鼠均具有较好的免疫调节作用。     

家蝇幼虫活性蛋白组分的提取及清除羟基自由基活性研究

以家蝇MuscadomesticaL.幼虫(蝇咀)为材料,根据溶解度的不同,从脱脂蝇蛆粉中分离出清蛋白、小分子肽、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白、碱溶蛋白等5类蛋白,并测定了它们的含量。结果表明:清蛋白、球蛋白和小分子肽是组成脱脂蝇蛆粉蛋白的主要成分。体外的抗氧化活性实验结果表明:清蛋白和球蛋白都有很好的清除羟基自由基的作用。     

家蝇幼虫营养成分的分析及利用

本文以多种分析手段,对家蝇幼虫与其他几种饲料的营养成分做了对比分析。新鲜幼虫和幼虫干粉的粗蛋白分别为15.62％和60.88％,略高于鲜鱼、鱼粉及肉骨粉,并含有多种微量元素。对氨基酸组成进行了比值计算:E％=44.09％、E/N=0.79、E/T=2.94。其中必需氨基酸总量是鱼粉的2.3倍,MET(蛋氨酸)是2.7倍,LYS(赖氨酸)是2.6倍,均明显高于鱼粉。     

家蝇幼虫血淋巴中凝集素的研究

家蝇幼虫血淋巴中凝集素不但能凝集兔、羊、鸡、豚鼠、小鼠和大鼠的红细胞,而且能凝集任何血型人的红细胞,其凝集活性能被D-半乳糖和乳糖所抑制。比较了不同诱导源诱导后血凝活性的动力学变化,发现体壁损伤后凝集素应答较快,活性高、消退快;~(60)Coγ射线诱导后凝集素应答较慢、活性低、消退较慢;超声波和紫外线几乎无诱导作用。还发现化蛹后24小时的血淋巴其凝集活性也较正常的高。     

家蝇幼虫液体饲料饲养的方法

家蝇幼虫液体饲料饲养的方法尹华宝王奎仁（中国科学技术大学地球与空间科学系,合肥２３００２６）徐汝梅（北京师范大学生物系,１００８７５）ＡＭｅｔｈｏｄｏｆＲｅａｒｉｎｇＨｏｕｓｅ－ｆｌｙＬａｒｖａｗｉｔｈＬｉｑｕｉｄＦｅｅｄ．ＹｉｎｇＨｕａｂａｏ,Ｗａ...     

大肠杆菌感染后家蝇幼虫的细胞免疫反应

目的探讨家蝇3龄幼虫被大肠杆菌感染后的细胞免疫反应.方法 (1)观察家蝇3龄幼虫感染大肠杆菌后不同时间血淋巴细胞总数(THC)、各类血细胞比例及形态的变化.(2)用比色法分别测定感染后不同时间家蝇3龄幼虫血清中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化.(3)用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定感染后不同时间家蝇3龄幼虫血清中二酚氧化酶(DPO)活性的变化.结果 (1)感染后4 h、8 h、16 h、24 h THC均有显著增加(P<0.01),(2)感染后4 h、8 h、16 h组的浆血胞和粒血胞的比例明显增加(P<0.01),而珠血胞在感染后各时间组的比例均明显减少(P<0.01),各时间组原血胞和类绛血胞的比例均无明显变化(P>0.05).(3)浆血胞出现细胞变形、空泡等形态变化.(4)大肠杆菌感染后各时间组血清中ACP及CAT活性显著高于对照组(P<0.01),活性分别在感染后8 h、16 h达高峰后逐渐下降.(5)家蝇幼虫血清中二酚氧化酶(DPO)活性在感染后4 h上升,16 h达高峰后下降.结论家蝇幼虫感染大肠杆菌后诱发体内细胞免疫反应,不仅出现血淋巴细胞形态和数量的变化,而且还有血细胞合成、释放多种参与微生物杀灭、清除的酶.     

家蝇幼虫开发生态工程系统动力学仿真的研究

家蝇（Ｍｕｓｃａｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃａ）幼虫以营养成分全、蛋白质含量高而逐渐引起人们重视,具有很高的开发利用价值和广阔的前景。系统动力学的发展为研究复杂系统提供了有效途径［１,２］。本文试用系统动力学方法建立家蝇幼虫开发生态工程仿真模型,以期解决这一研究...     

杨桃提取物体外清除氧自由基作用

从杨桃果中提取得到三种提取物为匀浆提取物、蛋白提取物和多糖提取物。采用化学发光法测定这三种提取物清除氧自由基的活性,实验结果:匀浆提取物清除羟自由基(·OH)和H2O2的活性大小相近,而清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2–·)的活性较小,其IC50约为前两者的4倍。蛋白提取物清除O2–·和·OH的活性大小相近,而清除H2O2的活性明显小于前两者,IC50约为前两者的9倍。多糖提取物清除.OH的活性明显大于清除O2–·和H2O2的活性,其IC50约为O2–·的1/22,约为H2O2的1/65。结果表明,杨桃果具有清除O2–·、·OH和H2O2的作用,不同提取物对这些活性氧自由基的清除能力有所不同。     

家蝇幼虫集约化生产的初步研究

对家蝇幼虫在人工条件下的集约化饲养进行了研究．结果表明,在２４０ｍ２场地（日生产单元６０ｍ２）上得到鲜蛆日产量最高超过２００ｋｇ,平均约１５０ｋｇ;蝇蛆自卵孵出的第２天是蝇蛆生长的最关键阶段,此时要严格控制环境条件和饲料质量;同日龄的成蝇群体开始产卵后,约３ｄ便进入产卵高峰期并维持３～４ｄ;雌蝇一生产卵１０～１４次,每产１００～２００粒,最多９００多粒;蝇卵约１ｄ即孵化成幼蛆,由卵到成品蛆的时间需５～６ｄ;蝇蛆体重的增长过程符合Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ曲线;蛆料比０．４～０．５,产投比２．１～３．３;试验条件下,家蝇经过一个世代后个体数的实际倍增为理论倍增的２５．５％．利用农业生产中的各种副产品和废弃物进行蝇蛆的集约化生产,以获得高质量的动物蛋白和精饲料是可行的途径     

家蝇幼虫组织匀浆液的抗病毒活性

以家蝇Musca domesticaL.幼虫为材料,研究了蝇蛆组织匀浆液的抗病毒活性。用鸡胚培养检测了其抗流感病毒的活性,乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原诊断试剂盒检测了其对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原的破坏作用。结果表明:15μL的家蝇幼虫组织匀浆液对流感病毒的抑制率为72.41%,而30,50和80μL剂量组对病毒的杀灭率都达到80%以上;蝇蛆组织匀浆液对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原的破坏率可达到87.5%。说明家蝇幼虫体内存在着抗病毒活性物质。这为开发天然的抗病毒药物提供了新的途径。     

Superoxide dismutase in the housefly,Musca domestica (L.)

Four superoxide dismutase (SOD) (E.C. 1.15.1.1) isozymes were present in whole tissue homogenates of Musca domestica when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One of the isozymes contained manganese, and the other three contained copper and zinc. All were observed in each of the body tagma (head, abdomen, and thorax) and at each developmental stage (egg to adult). The copper- and zinc-containing isozymes purified from newly emerged, adult M. domestica had a relative molecular weight of 34,800 as determined by gel filtration chromatography but consisted of two equal-size subunits of 16,000 as measured by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An isoelectric point between 4.8 and 5.1 was measured. Approximately 2 mol each of copper and zinc were present per dimer. The three copper, zinc isozymes were identified as charge variants. The amino acid composition of the enzyme was similar to that of copper, zinc-containing superoxide dismutases from other sources. Purified housefly copper, zinc superoxide dismutase was neither deactivated nor able to protect lactic dehydrogenase against deactivation in the presence of light and rose bengal, a known generator of singlet oxygen. The role of SOD in the phototoxic reaction involving rose bengal is discussed.     

家蝇攻击素(Attacin)基因的克隆与表达

通过同源克隆策略并结合cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术,克隆到了编码家蝇攻击素(Attacin)基因的全长cDNA序列(GenBank登陆号：AY460106),并对相应的氨基酸序列进行了序列比对,对系统关系等进行了生物信息学分析。家蝇Attacin的cDNA全长778bp,其中包括627bp的开放式读码框(ORF),44bp的5’末端非编码区(5’UTR)和107bp的3’末端非编码区(3’UTR),相应的蛋白产物含208个氨基酸,与其他双翅目昆虫的Attacin具有很高的相似性,约50％-70％。以邻接法(Neighbor-Joining,NJ)所构建的系统关系表明,家蝇的Attacin与其他双翅目昆虫的Attacin起源于共同的祖先。应用半定量RT-PCR的方法,研究家蝇幼虫在受到外源刺激后Attacin基因的表达,结果表明,在家蝇幼虫体内Attacin基因呈诱导型表达,表达水平随诱导时间和诱导源的不同而变化。     

家蝇幼虫抗菌肽MDL-2对细菌细胞渗透性及代谢功能影响

研究了家蝇幼虫抗菌肽MDL-2与细菌相互作用时,抗菌肤MDL-2对细菌细胞壁的溶解作用、细胞膜渗透性和代谢的影响.抗菌肽MDL-2在抗菌过程中首先与细菌的细胞壁相互作用,使其破裂,抗菌肽对革兰氏阴性细菌大肠杆菌细胞壁的作用有浓度依赖性,而对革兰氏阳性细菌金黄色葡萄球菌MDL-2在较低的浓度时即可发生细胞壁破坏作用;抗菌...     

Degradation of cuticle during larval-pupal and pupal-adult development of the housefly, Musca domestica

Abstract. The patterns of changes in cuticle weight, its chitin content and chitinase activity have been studied during postembryonic development of the housefly, Musca domestica L. During pupariation the larval cuticle loses weight. During the early part of this weight-loss the decline in chitin content parallels the overall change in cuticle weight. A simultaneous elevation in chitinase activity suggests that at this time the larval cuticle is being enzymatically degraded. Later weight loss may be due to sclerotization. No significant changes in cuticle weight or its chitin content occur in pharate cuticle until one day before eclosion. However, a peak of chitinase activity found at mid-late pupal stage suggests the timing of pupal cuticle breakdown.     

Microsatellite loci in the house fly,Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

Genomic libraries from house flies enriched for (CA)₁₅ and (CAG)₁₀ repeats were constructed by using biotinylated probes. Twenty‐five loci were isolated and evaluated for polymorphisms in wild flies representing two geographically diverse populations. Fourteen of 19 dinucleotide loci, and one of six trinucleotide loci were polymorphic. One hundred and twenty‐seven alleles were detected, 39 of which were private. Average number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 8.4 ± 2.5 and average heterozygosity was 72 ± 4%. F_ST by the private allele method was 0.73. Three of 15 loci showed significant heterozygote deficiencies, attributed to null alleles. Five of 15 loci were amplified in the face fly, Musca autumnalis.     

Polymorphism in the acetylcholinesterase gene of Musca domestica L. field populations in Turkey

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), encoded by the Ace gene, is the primary target of organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates (CBs) in insects. Ace mutations have been identified in OP and CB resistant strains of Musca domestica. In this study, the Ace gene was partially amplified and sequenced at amino acid positions 260, 342, and 407 to determine the frequencies of these mutations in housefly samples collected from farms and garbage disposal sites of 16 provinces in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey. In addition, the percent remaining AChE activities in these samples were assayed by using three OPs (malaoxon, paraoxon, and dichlorvos) and one CB (carbaryl) compound as inhibitors. In all the analyzed samples, 13 different combinations at the three amino acid positions were identified and the L/V260-A/G342-F/Y407 combination was found in the highest frequency. No susceptible individual was detected. The highest mean percent remaining AChE activities were detected in the individuals having the L260-A/G342-F/Y407 genotype when malaoxon and paraoxon were used as inhibitors and in the individuals with the L260-A342-F/Y407 combination when dichlorvos and carbaryl were used as inhibitors. The obtained data were heterogeneous and there was no exact correlation between the molecular genetic background and the resistance phenotypes of the flies. The findings of this study at the molecular and biochemical levels indicate the presence of significant control problems in the field.