大鼠细小肺动脉平滑肌细胞原代培养和鉴定方法的研究

目的：建立一种重复性好、培养周期短及传代次数多的大鼠细小肺动脉平滑肌细胞（PASMCs）培养方法。方法：在无菌条件下,分离雄性SD大鼠肺细小动脉,剥离外膜和剔除内皮细胞,经胶原酶I消化,培养PASMCs。0.4%台盼蓝染色测定细胞活力;倒置相差显微镜观察;免疫细胞化学法和免疫荧光染色法,进行平滑肌α-肌动蛋白（α-SMactin）鉴定。结果：形态学观察、免疫细胞化学法及免疫荧光染色法鉴定表明培养细胞为PASMCs;细胞存活率在96.5%以上;原代培养后4～7d即可传代,并且生长特点、细胞形态不易发生改变。结论：采用胶原酶I消化法培养PASMCs,方法简单、酶消化时间易控制、培养周期短、重复性好,培养的原代PASMCs具有数量多和生长迅速的特点。     

自发转化的人胎肝细胞株对细小病毒H—1感染敏感性的变化

H-1属自主性细小病毒,对相当多种类的体内外生长的肿瘤细胞和转化细胞有抑制作用。本文报道了人胎肝细胞株HuL-1在其发生自发转化后,对H-1病毒感染的敏感性同时发生了变化的结果。 HuL-1细胞经数年体外培养后其性状发生了明显变化,在0.3％软琼脂中的集落形成率达20.1％,在裸小鼠体内能形成实体瘤,且瘤块的组织切片显示出癌细胞的特性。与此同时,HuL-1细胞对H-1病毒的感染表现出一定的敏感性。而HuL-1细胞在数年前并不表现出转化细胞的特性,对H-1感染也是不敏感的。结果显示,HuL-1细胞对H-1敏感性的提高与其本身的自发转化是密切相关的。 本文研究了上述敏感性的可能机制。结果表明,受感染细胞存活率的下降,伴随着病毒抗原的产生,也伴随着H-1 DNA复制量的明显增加,以及H-1非结构蛋白NS-1基因的表达。     

猪细小病毒单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的制备猪细小病毒（PPV）杂交瘤细胞株,并对其分泌的PPV单克隆抗体进行鉴定。方法按常规方法制备并获得2株杂交瘤细胞。用染色体分析对杂交瘤细胞进行鉴定,用间接ELISA、免疫过氧化物酶单层试验（IPMA）和间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）对其分泌的单克隆抗体进行效价测定、亚型鉴定和特异性鉴定。结果得到2株分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株2H9、1F9,染色体数目介于90～110之间。细胞上清效价均达1∶1×104,腹水效价均达1∶1×107,其亚型分别为IgG1、IgM,均为kappa链。2H9、1F9单抗与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）、猪圆环病毒I型（PCV-1）、猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型（PCV-2）、乙脑病毒（JEV）等均无交叉反应。IPMA和IFA检测结果显示2H9、1F9单抗均能与接种于PK-15细胞的PPV发生特异性反应。结论成功制备了2株抗PPV杂交瘤细胞株,证实其产生的单克隆抗体具有良好的特异性和敏感性。     

猪细小病毒LDR-PCR检测方法的建立和应用

为准确特异灵敏地检测猪细小病毒(PPV),建立一种新的LDR-PCR方法。首先在病毒的保守区内设计一对LDR探针,LDR探针两端各连有一段引物对应序列,以连接产物为模板进行PCR,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果。以标准质粒为模板,通过对LDR反应的退火温度、连接酶浓度及探针浓度等反应条件进行优化,确定了LDR最佳的反应体系,并建立了LDR-PCR方法。结果表明,可以特异地检测PPV,与猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、伪狂犬病毒(PRV)、猪圆环病毒(PCV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)无交叉反应;最低检测限为102个拷贝。利用建立的方法对41例临床样本进行检测,14份样品PPV阳性,与普通PCR检测结果符合率为97.6%。     

大鼠原代肝细胞培养方法的建立

目的：探索混合胶原凝胶培养肝细胞的方法,观察培养鼠肝细胞的功能与形态特征,用于评价中药十八反的作用机理。方法：两步法分离鼠肝细胞,与鼠尾胶原溶液混合接种于培养板,观察培养鼠肝细胞的形态学特征和生化指标。采用RT-PCR技术。检测药物对P450亚酶CYP3A1表达的影响,进一步确证该体系的可靠性。结果：双层胶原培养体系可观察到典型的肝细胞形态特征,肝细胞功能检测显示肝细胞合成分泌的尿素、白蛋白,而乳酸脱氢酶漏出量较少。药物对P450亚酶CYP3A1表达的影响呈良好的剂量依赖性,同时双层胶原具有保持肝细胞活性的优点。可作为原代肝细胞培养的条件。结论：混合胶原凝胶培养能保留体内的细胞功能和活性,特别是保留药物代谢酶的活性。     

犬细小病毒NS1 非结构蛋白可诱导细胞凋亡

【目的】研究犬细小病毒(Canine parvovirus,CPV)非结构蛋白NS1在CPV引起宿主细胞凋亡中的作用,初步探讨CPV引起细胞凋亡的机制。【方法】首先采用PCR方法从犬细小病毒基因组中扩增NS1编码基因,然后利用pcDNA3.1A质粒构建NS1真核表达载体pcDNA-NS1,并通过HEK293FT细胞瞬时表达NS1重组蛋白,用Western-blot检测以确定重组NS1蛋白能否在真核细胞中表达。然后用CPV感染和用pcDNA-NS1表达载体转染F81宿主细胞,通过AnnexinV/PI双染法检测磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻和通过化学发光法检测caspase-3/7活性,分析感染CPV或转染NS1基因对F81宿主细胞凋亡的影响。【结果】结果表明,本实验扩增的NS1基因序列与GenBank的序列一致,构建的表达载体结构正确,并能够介导NS1基因在真核细胞中表达。感染CPV和转染NS1基因均能诱导F81细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻和明显提高细胞内caspase-3/7的活性,表明CPV和NS1蛋白均能引起细胞的凋亡。【结论】CPV诱导宿主细胞凋亡与其编码的NS1非结构蛋白有关。     

细小病毒B19感染检测方法的研究进展

本文综述了细小病毒Ｂ１９感染检测方法的研究进展。病毒分离目前仍处于实验研究阶段;电镜及免疫组化法检测阳性率不高,限制了其使用;血清学方法多用重组抗原进行,血清中病毒特异性ＩｇＭ阳性可做为近期感染的指标,但由于与风疹病毒的交叉反应,该方法与病毒ＤＮＡ检测结合使用结果更为可靠;核酸杂交法敏感性高,可用于常规诊断和流行病学调查,但易出现假阳性,特别是同位素探针,敌目前多倾向于用非放射性标记探针;ＰＣＲ法     

细小病毒非结构蛋白转基因小鼠模型建立

将小鼠乳腺癌病毒启动子控制的细小病毒非结构蛋白基因(长5.7kb)氯化铯超速离心,纯化透析后用显微注射法导入C57BL/SJL F_1小鼠受精卵雄核,植入假孕母鼠输卵管,得成活小鼠15只。抽取鼠尾DNA,对其中10只小鼠作PCR和southern blot鉴定,其中4只(40％)整合有目的基因。对首建者B_6()的8只子代小鼠鉴定,3只(37.5％)整合有目的基因。说明导入的目的基因能传代。     

细小病毒的分子生物学

细小病毒的分子生物学张英（中国预防医学科学院病毒学研究所病毒基因工程国家重点实验室,北京１０００５２）ＭｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｙｏｆＰａｒｖｏｖｉｒｕｓＺｈａｎｇＹｉｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＶｉｒｏｌｏｇｙ,ＣＡＰＭ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００...     

应用BHK21细胞检测汉坦病毒中和抗体方法的建立

本文报道应用汉坦病毒（HV）Ⅰ型76－118、Chen、J3、J5、J12,和Ⅱ型UR、R22、L99等8株病毒在BHK21细胞上培养和观察,发现病毒感染BHK21细胞后可规律出现病变,且可测出病毒滴度。分别应用BHK21细胞与Vero-E6细胞同时做空斑减少中和试验（PRNT）检测同批血清的抗体中和效价,结果一致,且稳定性特异性好,因此BHK21细胞可作为研究HV的另一个敏感实验细胞系,对研究HV的某些生物学特性及实验方法均有实用价值。     

大鼠冠状病毒和仙台病毒的双重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

目的建立快速检测实验大鼠冠状病毒和仙台病毒的双重PCR方法。方法根据大鼠冠状病毒N基因、仙台病毒L基因设计特异性引物;经过双重PCR优化,特异性和敏感性的检测,建立双重PCR体系。应用该PCR体系检测人工感染仙台病毒组织DNA样本和实验动物组织样本,并与ELISA方法比对。结果双重PCR扩增出大鼠冠状病毒(168 bp)和仙台病毒(262 bp)目的条带,PCR扩增产物测序结果利用核酸BLAST功能进行同源序列对比,仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒同源性分别为100%和99%。仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒的检测下限为1.56×10~2 copies/μL。特异性检测对小鼠肝炎病毒扩增,产生片段大小近似大鼠冠状病毒产物。应用建立的双重PCR体系检测人工感染仙台病毒组织DNA样本,30份DNA标本均被检出;检测94份实验动物肺组织样本,结果均阴性。结论建立的双重PCR方法操作简单、快速、特异性强、灵敏度高,能够实现对实验动物仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒病原体的快速检测。     

流感病毒在无动物细胞的细菌共生培养基里的培养研究

流行性感冒病毒流行时,在一些病人的上呼吸道里,常可以见到流感病毒和一些细菌(如甲型链球菌、葡萄球菌、流感杆菌等)共存,以往的实验也证明它们的关系比较密切。此试验发现:流感病毒在仅有甲型链球菌生长的培养基中有自我复制的现象,共生培养的病毒经过一系列的病毒学实验方法,证明确实是流感病毒。流感病毒在共生培养基里与它在鸡胚里的生长曲线基本相同,共生培养基里,只要细菌生长,流感病毒就能生长,在不同的温度(15℃、22℃、37℃)条件下,流感病毒和细菌的生长趋势出现密切的平行关系。甲型链球菌以外的其它细菌,如乙型链球菌、肠球菌、葡萄球菌、酵母菌、革兰氏阳性杆菌等菌株也能与流感病毒共生,只有个别的菌株不共生。共生培养的流感病毒能在较低的温度(22℃)环境下保持它的活性达2个月之久;在8℃的环境里,流感病毒也能共生繁殖,经过长期低温共生培养,其致病性减弱;流感病毒和其它两种病毒能在同一共生培养基里共生繁殖。实验研究中还简要讨论了共生的机理和实际应用等问题。     

Alteration and preservation of cellular characteristics in long-term culture of tetraploid H-1 (ES) cells

To examine the alteration in cellular characteristics of polyploid ES cells during long-term culturing, tetraploid H-1 (ES) cells were continuously cultured for 180 days. Cellular DNA content of the tetraploid cells decreased and reached a plateau of 3.3 C, where C represents the complement of haploid chromosomes. The chromosome number also decreased, indicating that the DNA loss was induced by chromosome loss. Cell volume was maintained, suggesting that the DNA loss did not involve cytoplasmic loss. The cell cycle parameters were almost the same during the DNA decay process, indicating that cell cycle progression was independent of the quantity of homologous chromosomes. Hypotetraploid cells showed alkaline phosphatase activity and formed teratocarcinomas in mouse abdomens, suggesting that the pluripotent potential was maintained. Cellular morphology was also retained, suggesting that the gene expression specifying morphological characteristics was conserved. We conclude that these initial cellular characteristics of tetraploid H1 (ES) cells were preserved in long-term culture, irrespective of chromosome loss.     

Establishment of a B-lymphoblastoid cell line infected with Epstein-Barr-related virus from a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

A B-lymphoblastoid cell line (Ts-B) was established from lymph nodes of an apparently healthy cynomolgus monkey. The cells were demonstrated to contain Epstein-Barr virus-related antigens. Moreover, herpesvirus particles were found in the cells by electron microscopy. The cell-free culture medium transformed lymphocytes of cynomolgus rhesus monkeys, and of Japanese monkeys.     

Persistent infection with bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) in cultured hamster cells

Summary Bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in hamster embryo cells was found to be dependent upon input multiplicity; productive infection was achieved at input multiplicities greater than one, while persistent infection was established when input multiplicities were about 0.5. This persistence was characterized by a noncyclic, minimal degree of cytopathic effect with a low level of released virus. Maintenance of the persistently infected cultures did not require external supportive measures. Subcultivation of the persistently infected cultures led to virus replication followed by CPE and then cell regrowth. Within 3 to 4 weeks after subcultivation a persistent infection was re-established. The possible mechanism for the bovine herpesvirus persistence in hamster cells is discussed. This work was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Contract FDA 233-74-1035 and by Research Grant AI-08648 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.     

Efficient replication of a full-length hepatitis C virus genome, strain O, in cell culture, and development of a luciferase reporter system

Recently we reported a subgenomic hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon derived from HCV (HCV-O strain) infected in non-neoplastic human hepatocyte PH5CH8. In this study, we developed a genome-length dicistronic HCV RNA from HCV-O. A cured HuH-7 cell line (sOc) was obtained from a cloned subgenomic replicon cell line (sO) by interferon (IFN) treatment and used for transfection with genome-length HCV RNA. One cloned cell line, O, was successfully selected by G418 treatment following the introduction of genome-length HCV RNA into sOc cells, and the robust expression of HCV RNA and proteins was confirmed. Oc, a cured cell line, was also obtained from the cloned cell line (O) by IFN treatment. The number of colonies increased drastically when genome-length HCV RNA was introduced into Oc cells. However, the cloned cured cell lines, sOc and Oc, differed in their colony formation efficiency despite their common origin. This result suggests that even a cloned cell line can change its characteristics during cell culture. Sequence analysis of HCV RNA from the O cells revealed an amino acid substitution in the NS3 helicase region (K1609E). This substitution worked as an adaptive mutation in transient reporter and colony formation assays. Using the advantages of this adaptive mutation and of Oc cells in colony formation, we established the first cell line in which genome-length dicistronic HCV RNA encoding a luciferase gene replicated efficiently. This culture system is useful tool for the study of HCV replication and mass screening for anti-HCV reagents.     

The co-carcinogenic activity of 4-nitropyridine-1-oxide (4-npo) and prevention of transformation by type-specific anti-viral antibodies

Summary Fischer rat embryo cells chronically infected with Rauscher murine leukemia virus, and known to be sensitive to transformation by potent chemical carcinogens, were transformed by the weak carcinogen 4-nitropyridine-1-oxide. Transformed cells grew in semi-solid agar and produced tumors in newborn Fischer rats. Transformation was inhibited by antisera specific for the ecotropic Rauscher murine leukemia virus, but not by antisera of equal toxicity specific for xenotropic Swiss mouse AT-124 virus. This work was supported by contract NO1-CP-43240 within the Virus Cancer Program of the National Cancer Institute.