共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 8 毫秒
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We have studied the effects of dopamine on the gill withdrawal reflex evoked by tactile siphon stimulation in the margine mollusc Aplysia. Physiological concentrations of dopamine (diluted in seawater) were perfused through the gill during siphon stimulation series. The amplitude of the reflex was potentiated by dopamine and habituation of the reflex was prevented. This occurred with no change in the activity evoked in central motor neurons. These results lead us to conclude that the dopaminergic motor neuron L9 is modulating habituation in the periphery and that the central nervous system facilitatory control of the peripheral nervous system may act via a dopaminergic pathway. 相似文献
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《Journal of Russian & East European Psychology》2013,51(5):29-40
Comparative examination of the scientific and philosophical ideas of Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin and Aleksei Alekseevich Ukhtomskii is of interest from the standpoint of both the psychological theory of communication and the practice of psychological counseling, psychotherapy, and upbringing. Development of the applied areas of psychology poses the tasks of understanding the particular person and his individual problems and offering psychological assistance in the process of communication. To deal with these questions it is not sufficient to have scientific psychological training, i.e., knowledge of the general laws of personality development and communication; a capacity for personal communication as an aid to resolving human life problems is also necessary. 相似文献
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A unified theory of bacterial motile behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R N Doetsch 《Journal of theoretical biology》1972,35(1):55-66
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A theory for the static elastic behavior of blood vessels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Paul L. Vasey 《International journal of primatology》1995,16(2):173-204
Homosexual behavior is defined as genital contact, genital manipulation or both between same-sex individuals. Available data indicate that this behavior is phylogenetically widespread among the anthropoid primates, but totally absent among prosimians. The majority of the 33 species that demonstrate homosexual behavior do so rarefy, but for a substantial number (N =12) it appears to be a more common pattern under free-ranging conditions. I summarize data on homosexual behavior as it relates to form, living condition, age, sex, social organization, and ecological context, and discuss hormonal, demographic, and sociosexual theories for primate homosexual behavior. Among adult primates, the behavior is not the product of abnormal excesses or deficiencies in androgens. Prenatal excesses of androgens may have some effect on the expression of female homosexual behavior, but these effects might vary over the life span, and data are equivocal at present. Demographic processes that result in skewed sex ratios can favor the expression of homosexual behavior in a population, which causes intraspecific variation. I examine several sociosexual explanations, including (a) proceptivity enhancement, (b) receptivity reduction, (c) dominance assertion, (d) practice for heterosexual copulation, (e) tension regulation, (f) reconciliation, and (g) alliance formation. An evolutionary scenario highlights the transformations this behavior underwent during the evolution of the anthropoid primates. I suggest exaptation as a theoretical framework for interpreting homosexual behavior and conclude that future consideration of sexual selection among primates should address homosexual components of this process. 相似文献
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Homosexual behavior in primates: A review of evidence and theory 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Paul L. Vasey 《International journal of primatology》1995,16(3):173-204
Homosexual behavior is defined as genital contact, genital manipulation or both between same-sex individuals. Available data
indicate that this behavior is phylogenetically widespread among the anthropoid primates, but totally absent among prosimians.
The majority of the 33 species that demonstrate homosexual behavior do so rarefy, but for a substantial number (N =12) it appears to be a more common pattern under free-ranging conditions. I summarize data on homosexual behavior as it relates
to form, living condition, age, sex, social organization, and ecological context, and discuss hormonal, demographic, and sociosexual
theories for primate homosexual behavior. Among adult primates, the behavior is not the product of abnormal excesses or deficiencies
in androgens. Prenatal excesses of androgens may have some effect on the expression of female homosexual behavior, but these
effects might vary over the life span, and data are equivocal at present. Demographic processes that result in skewed sex
ratios can favor the expression of homosexual behavior in a population, which causes intraspecific variation. I examine several
sociosexual explanations, including (a) proceptivity enhancement, (b) receptivity reduction, (c) dominance assertion, (d)
practice for heterosexual copulation, (e) tension regulation, (f) reconciliation, and (g) alliance formation. An evolutionary
scenario highlights the transformations this behavior underwent during the evolution of the anthropoid primates. I suggest
exaptation as a theoretical framework for interpreting homosexual behavior and conclude that future consideration of sexual
selection among primates should address homosexual components of this process. 相似文献
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N. Rashevsky 《Bulletin of mathematical biology》1957,19(2):91-119
The imitation effects in a social group depend both on the size of the group and on the distribution of a certain psychobiological
quantity ϕ which measures the tendency of an individual towards a given behavior. The distribution function of ϕ determines
the ratio μ of the individuals in the society who adopt a given behavior. When the size of the social group is not too large,
the actual distribution of ϕ will deviate from the most probable one, and therefore communities of the same size and having
the same parameters may have different values of μ. Approximate equations are developed which give the probability of a given
μ for a group of a given size. Possible effects of interactions of communities of different sizes are briefly discussed. A
generalization of the theory of imitative behavior to any number of mutually exclusive behaviors is given, and its possible
sociological implications are discussed. 相似文献