利用Gaussia萤光素酶建立乳腺癌实时定量检测动物模型

目的：建立-种基于分泌型萤光素酶的实时定量检测实验动物体内肿瘤大小的方法。方法：以分泌型Gaussia萤光素酶（Gluc）为报告基因,以嘌呤霉素为筛选基因,将两者用T2A元件连接后克隆到慢病毒载体,包装慢病毒后感染乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选得到稳定转染细胞MCF-7-Gluc,并检测细胞上清中Gluc活性随时问和细胞数目的变化;将MCF-7-Gluc扩大培养后经皮下注射到雌性BALB／c裸鼠前肢腋下,待肿瘤形成后,检测外周血液中Gluc活性与肿瘤体积的相关性。结果：体外实验显示稳定转染细胞MCF-7-Gluc分泌到细胞上清的Gluc活性与时间和细胞数量在-定范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,体内实验显示裸鼠血液中的Gluc活性与肿瘤体积呈正相关。结论：Gluc技术可作为-种灵活、方便、实时定量检测活体动物体内肿瘤大小的有效工具。     

含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的慢病毒载体的制备与表达分析

目的:制备含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的慢病毒载体,为慢病毒载体的进一步广泛应用奠定基础。方法:克隆构建含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的转基因载体pCS-gluc-2A-eGFP,酶切与序列分析鉴定其正确后,与包装质粒pCMVHR’Δ8.2、包膜质粒pVSV-G共转染293FT细胞,获得含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的重组慢病毒载体;重组慢病毒载体感染A549、Huh7细胞后,用荧光显微镜直接观察报告基因GFP的表达,或取细胞上清实时检测分泌型萤光素酶的表达。结果:制备了含双报告基因的重组慢病毒载体,感染细胞后可以活体观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达,也可以快速灵敏地检测到分泌型萤光素酶的表达。结论:所获含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的重组慢病毒载体感染效率高,表达易于活体实时检测,灵敏度高。本研究为慢病毒载体的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

双萤光素酶共表达载体构建及特性研究

利用来源于TaV的自剪切多肽2A的编码序列构建一种分泌型萤光素酶Gluc和非分泌型萤光素酶Fluc共表达的载体,对其体内外表达及活体成像特点进行研究。采用重叠PCR技术获得Gluc-2A-Fluc片段,克隆入表达质粒pAAV2neoCAG中,获得重组质粒pAAV2neoCAG-Gluc-2A-Fluc。将重组质粒瞬时转染BHK-21细胞,24h后在细胞上清液和细胞裂解液中均能检测到Gluc和Fluc的表达,其中Gluc98%以上分布在上清液中,而Fluc98%以上存在于细胞中,随时间延长Gluc活性在上清液中逐步增加,而细胞内Fluc活性则保持相对平稳。用水动力法经小鼠尾静脉注射pAAV2neoCAG-Gluc-2A-Fluc质粒DNA,通过尾静脉微量采血(2.5μl/次)即可实时地监测体内Gluc的表达情况。活体成像结果显示,注射Gluc的底物腔肠素时小鼠明显表现为全身显像,显像在10min内迅速衰减;而注射Fluc的底物D-Luciferin时显像主要集中在肝脏,显像在30min内都比较稳定。本研究设计和构建的pAAV2neoCAG-Gluc-2A-Fluc质粒实现了分泌型和非分泌型萤光素酶的共表达,既可以在不裂解细胞或处死动物的情况下直接在细胞培养上清或血液中动态检测Gluc的活性,又可以利用活体成像技术准确定位Fluc表达部位,比单一的萤光素酶报告载体在细胞标记和体内示踪研究方面更具优越性。     

植物组织中ATP、ADP、AMP量的测定及能荷指标

用萤火虫发光器中的萤光素-萤光素酶测定腺三磷是最专一而灵敏的方法。常用来作细胞(花粉、精子)和以毫克计的组织或细胞器中的ATP含量的分析。萤光素-萤光素酶不仅可用于ATP的专一测定,如借助特     

表达萤光素酶的HIV药物筛选细胞模型的建立

目的:构建基于萤光素酶的单次复制人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)细胞模型,用于抗HIV药物的筛选。方法:构建含萤光素酶报告基因的假型慢病毒质粒,将疱疹性口炎病毒外膜糖蛋白(VSV-G)的表达质粒、HIV-1 Rev蛋白表达质粒、HIV Gag-Pol蛋白表达质粒和含萤光素酶报告基因的重组慢病毒质粒共转染HEK 293FT细胞,制备假型慢病毒;在假型慢病毒生产和再感染新鲜HEK 293FT细胞的过程中加入逆转录酶和蛋白酶抑制剂(如AZT),检测再感染的细胞中萤光素酶的表达水平,从而判断药物对HIV的抑制作用。结果:构建了含萤光素酶报告基因的重组慢病毒质粒pLenti-Luc;利用已知抗HIV药物AZT进行测试,发现HIV药物处理组细胞中萤光素酶活性远低于对照组。结论:建立了基于萤光素酶的HIV药物筛选细胞模型,该系统使用单次复制的报告病毒,具有良好的安全性,而使用萤光素酶基因作为报告基因使该系统具备极高的敏感性,该系统适合于进行高通量药物筛选。     

值得重视的新型酶试剂-萤光素酶

六十年代在研究萤火虫尾部发光机理中,发现了萤光素酶。之后人们又发现了许多结构上差异很大的多种萤光素酶。但研究最多的是萤火虫产生的萤光素酶和由海洋发光细菌产生的萤光素酶。它们所催化的底物——萤光素的结构非常不同,前者为6—羟基苯并噻唑,而后者为脂肪醛。     

动物活体成像生物发光稳定细胞株的构建

目的:构建组成型表达萤光素酶基因的载体,建立稳定高表达萤光素酶的MCF-7乳腺癌细胞株,检测其对细胞增殖的影响及在传代后的表达效果.方法:以载体pGIA.20为模板,PCR扩增萤火虫萤光素酶基因,将其克隆到载体pIRESpuro2上,将获得的pIRESpuro2-Luc经酶切和测序验证后,转染293T、MCF-7及ZR...     

萤光素酶报告基因在病毒学研究中的应用

萤光素酶是一类在氧气存在下能催化其底物特异性发光的酶,检出灵敏度高、特异性强。萤光素酶催化底物发光因无须外源光的激发,避免了非特异性干扰,具有其他报告基因不可替代的优势。萤光素酶基因作为报告基因已成为医学科学研究领域的重要标记工具,具有良好的应用前景。我们简要综述了萤光素酶报告基因在病毒学研究中的应用进展。     

发光的魚

栖息在海洋的鱼类尤其是海底的鱼,常发现有发光的现象。这些鱼能发出红色或紫色的宝石状的光芒。这些鱼在体中含有发光体的机构,通过半透明的肌肉,发出光来。若把这些发光体和体表的发光器制成匀浆来培养不能发光的细菌或喂饲其他不发光的鱼类,我们可在细菌或鱼类的胃中分析出萤光素和萤光酶,在这些鱼类的幽门部中贮藏着萤光素,看来在发光器中还备有萤光酶,从幽门部把少量的萤光素送到发光器,它与萤光酶起作用便射出光芒。看来,发光     

基于裂解酶与ATP生物发光法特异定量检测炭疽杆菌方法的研究简

目的：原核表达炭疽杆菌噬菌体叮裂解酶（PlyG）和萤光素酶（Luc）,结合这2种酶建立特异定量检测炭疽杆菌的方法。方法：PCR扩增得到带有His标签的裂解酶基因和萤光素酶基因,构建重组表达载体pET22b-p@G和DET22b-luc,转化至大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）并诱导表达,过镍柱纯化得到目的蛋白;利用裂解酶裂解和ATP生物发光定量检测蜡样芽孢杆菌RSVFl,与平板计数法对比建立线性关系。结果：表达了炭疽杆菌噬菌体γ裂解酶和萤光素酶,并建立了特异定量检测蜡样芽孢杆菌RSVF1的方法,与平板计数方法具有显著的线性相关。结论：因炭疽杆菌与蜡样芽孢杆菌RSVF1均对PlyG具有较强的敏感性,故本研究所建立的将炭疽杆菌噬菌体γ裂解酶与萤光素一萤光素酶系统相结合的检测方法对现场或临床定性定量检测炭疽杆菌提供了理论支持,具有良好的应用前景。     

Secreted blood reporters: insights and applications

Secreted reporters detected in body fluids (blood, serum or urine) have shown to be simple and useful tools for ex vivo real-time monitoring of in vivo biological processes. Here we explore the most commonly used secreted blood reporters in experimental animals: secreted alkaline phosphatase, soluble marker peptides derived from human carcinoembryonic antigen and human chorionic gonadotropin, as well as Gaussia luciferase. We also comment on other recently discovered secreted luciferases and their potential use as blood reporters for multiplexing applications.     

体外实时动态监测水动力注射分泌型荧光素酶基因的表达

为了建立体外实时动态监测转导基因的体内表达,本研究选择分泌型的荧光素酶基因Gluc作为报告基因,对其体内外表达特性和检测方法进行了研究。首先构建了Gluc表达质粒pAAV2neo-Gluc。将pAAV2neo-Gluc转染体外培养的Huh7、HepG2细胞后,细胞培养上清和细胞裂解液中分别检测到Gluc的活性,而上清比细胞中的含量高约100倍。表明表达的Gluc以分泌形式为主。用水动力法经小鼠尾静脉注射pAAV2neo-Gluc质粒,活体成像表明Gluc在小鼠体内呈全身分布,而注射了萤火虫荧光素酶质粒pAAV2neo-Fluc的对照小鼠则主要在肝脏显像。将剂量分别为0.1、1、10、50μg每只的pAAV2neo-GlucDNA用水动力法尾静脉注射小鼠,不同时间点连续尾静脉采血测定其中的Gluc酶活性,观察其Gluc体内表达和分泌的动态变化。结果显示,各剂量组的Gluc表达变化规律高度一致:注射后2h即可检测到Gluc表达,10h后达到高峰,之后逐渐下降;Gluc的表达水平与注射质粒DNA的量呈正相关;为了进一步观察Gluc检测的灵敏性,本研究又比较了注射更低的质粒剂量(包括0.001、0.01和0.1μg每...     

A secreted luciferase for ex vivo monitoring of in vivo processes

Luciferases are widely used to monitor biological processes. Here we describe the naturally secreted Gaussia princeps luciferase (Gluc) as a highly sensitive reporter for quantitative assessment of cells in vivo by measuring its concentration in blood. The Gluc blood assay complements in vivo bioluminescence imaging, which has the ability to localize the signal and provides a multifaceted assessment of cell viability, proliferation and location in experimental disease and therapy models.     

Two forms of secreted and thermostable luciferases from the marine copepod crustacean, Metridia pacifica

We cloned two forms of the secreted and thermostable luciferase genes, MpLuc1 and MpLuc2, from the marine copepod, Metridia pacifica. The 840-bp MpLuc1 cDNA comprised a 630-bp open reading frame encoding a 210-amino acid polypeptide (22.7 kDa). MpLuc1 had the closest homology with Metridia longa luciferase. The 753-bp MpLuc2 cDNA consisted of a 567-bp open reading frame (20.3 kDa), and it had the closest homology with Gaussia princeps luciferase. Single-specimen genomic PCR confirmed the presence of two luciferase genes in M. pacifica, and single-specimen RT-PCR revealed that both luciferase mRNAs were expressed. Both MpLuc1 and MpLuc2 (MpLucs) specifically reacted with the substrate coelenterazine producing identical bioluminescent spectra (lambdamax, 485 nm), but with different kinetics. Adding salt such as MgCl2 and CaCl2 to the reaction mixture significantly enhanced MpLuc1 and MpLuc2 activities. Wild-type MpLucs were remarkably thermostable; MpLuc1 retained about 60% of the original activity even after incubation at 90 degrees C for 30 min. MpLucs expressed in NIH-3T3 and HeLa cells were largely secreted into the culture medium. Continuous monitoring of secreted MpLuc1 driven by the c-fos promoter demonstrated the potential usefulness of MpLuc1 in nondisruptive reporter assays.     

Influenza A Virus Encoding Secreted Gaussia Luciferase as Useful Tool to Analyze Viral Replication and Its Inhibition by Antiviral Compounds and Cellular Proteins

Reporter genes inserted into viral genomes enable the easy and rapid quantification of virus replication, which is instrumental to efficient in vitro screening of antiviral compounds or in vivo analysis of viral spread and pathogenesis. Based on a published design, we have generated several replication competent influenza A viruses carrying either fluorescent proteins or Gaussia luciferase. Reporter activity could be readily quantified in infected cultures, but the virus encoding Gaussia luciferase was more stable than viruses bearing fluorescent proteins and was therefore analyzed in detail. Quantification of Gaussia luciferase activity in the supernatants of infected culture allowed the convenient and highly sensitive detection of viral spread, and enzymatic activity correlated with the number of infectious particles released from infected cells. Furthermore, the Gaussia luciferase encoding virus allowed the sensitive quantification of the antiviral activity of the neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) zanamivir and the host cell interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) proteins 1–3, which are known to inhibit influenza virus entry. Finally, the virus was used to demonstrate that influenza A virus infection is sensitive to a modulator of endosomal cholesterol, in keeping with the concept that IFITMs inhibit viral entry by altering cholesterol levels in the endosomal membrane. In sum, we report the characterization of a novel influenza A reporter virus, which allows fast and sensitive detection of viral spread and its inhibition, and we show that influenza A virus entry is sensitive to alterations of endosomal cholesterol levels.     

Identification of two catalytic domains in a luciferase secreted by the copepod Gaussia princeps

Gaussia luciferase secreted by the copepod Gaussia princeps catalyzes the oxidation of coelenterazine to produce blue light. The primary structure of Gaussia luciferase deduced from the cDNA sequence shows two repeat sequences of 71 amino acid residues, suggesting the luciferase consists of two structural domains. Two domains in Gaussia luciferase were expressed independently in Escherichia coli cells, purified and characterized. We found that both domains have luminescence activity with coelenterazine, and the catalytic properties including luminescence spectrum, optimal pH, substrate specificity and luminescence stimulation by halogen ions (Cl⁻, Br⁻ and I⁻) are identical to intact Gaussia luciferase. Thus, Gaussia luciferase has two catalytic domains for the luminescence reaction.