耐碱性木聚糖酶基因在短小芽孢杆菌中高效分泌表达的研究

从木聚糖酶高产短小芽孢杆菌 (Bacilluspumilus)BP5 1中克隆得到木聚糖酶基因xynA ,将其构建在芽孢杆菌表达载体pWH1 5 2 0中得到重组质粒pWSX1 1。xynA由木糖诱导xylA启动子调控xynA表达。采用同源高效表达策略 ,以原生质体转化方法将pWSX1 1转回原始菌株BP5 1中 ,获得重组菌株BPX1 1。通过木糖诱导重组菌株中的xy nA基因高效分泌表达 ,使木聚糖酶产酶活力比原菌株BP5 1提高了 87% ,同时对重组表达的木聚糖酶的酶学性质进行了初步研究     

短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酶母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将短小芽孢杆菌HB030的内切-1,4-木聚糖酶基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K,得到重组质粒pH-BM220,将pHBM220经酶切后分别转化三株毕赤酵母KM71、GS115、SMD1168,该木聚糖酶基因在三株毕赤酵母中均实现了分泌表达,将重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）,GS115（pHBM220),GS115(pHBM220),SMD1168（pHBM220）分别诱导产酶,对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三的最适反应pH值约为5.5,最适反应温度约为60℃,在其最适反应条件下测得三粗酶液酶活分别为10.80IU/mL,11.63IU/mL,9.68IU/mL,重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）所产酶的热稳定性较好,而在pH稳定性方面三没有太大的差异。     

碱性α-淀粉酶基因在巨大芽孢杆菌中的表达及酶学性质研究

将已克隆的碱性α-淀粉酶基因信号肽编码序列去除,用PCR的方法加入酶切位点,然后与表达载体pHIS1525连接转化大肠杆菌DH5α,筛选出阳性转化子DH5α-pHIS1525-JH,并提取质粒进一步转化巨大芽孢杆菌YYBm1原生质体,获得基因工程菌YYBm1 -pHIS1525-JH.SDS-PAGE分析表明该基因在巨大芽孢杆菌中得到了有效表达.酶学性质研究表明,该酶的最适温度与pH值分别为60℃与pH8.5,在pH7.0 - 10.5之间具有较好的稳定性,Km值为1.94 mg/mL,酶活力可达2516.5 U.     

内切葡聚糖酶基因在巨大芽孢杆菌中的表达及其酶学性质研究

通过PCR方法将已克隆的内切葡聚糖酶基因(GenBank No. DQ782954)信号肽编码序列去除, 然后与表达载体pHIS1525连接后转化大肠杆菌DH5a, 筛选出阳性转化子DH5 a -pHIS1525-G7并提取质粒进一步转化巨大芽孢杆菌WH320原生质体, 获得基因工程菌WH320-pHIS1525-G7。刚果红染色和SDS-PAGE分析表明该基因在巨大芽孢杆菌中得到了有效表达。基因工程菌经优化培养后, 胞外上清液中的酶活力可达889 U, 是出发菌株(即枯草芽孢杆菌C-36)的11.22倍。酶学性质研究表明: 该酶的最适反应温度与pH值分别为65℃与pH 6.0, 在pH 4.5~10.0范围内50℃保温30 min可保持在最高酶活的80%以上。     

巨大芽孢杆菌b-淀粉酶基因的克隆、表达和酶学性质分析

从巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)的全基因组DNA文库中筛选出一个b-淀粉酶基因amyG, 分析测定了其核苷酸序列并进行了诱导表达; 其中amyG编码的蛋白有545个氨基酸、分子量为60.194 kD, 与已报道的巨大芽孢杆菌DSM319的b-淀粉酶序列有着94.5%的同源性。经氨基酸序列比较分析发现, AmyG从N末端到C末端依次由信号肽域、糖基水解酶催化功能域和淀粉结合域3个功能域组成。其中催化功能域里含有第14家族糖基水解酶常见的几个高度保守的酶催化活性区。经多步纯化, 重组酶的比活共提高了7.4倍, 获得凝胶电泳均一的蛋白样品; 经SDS-PAGE电泳测定, 酶AmyG的分子量为57 kD。该酶的最适反应温度为60oC, 最适反应pH为7.0; 在温度不超过60oC时, 酶活较稳定; AmyG能迅速降解淀粉生成麦芽糖, 属于外切b-糖苷酶。     

短小芽孢杆菌耐碱性β-甘露聚糖酶基因的异源表达及其酶学特性

摘要:【目的】本研究报道了一种新颖的耐碱性β-甘露聚糖酶基因的异源表达并研究其酶学特性,为其工业应用奠定基础。【方法】通过基因同源性分析以及染色体步移技术,从短小芽孢杆菌Nsic-2中克隆得到甘露聚糖酶基因(manB)。然后分别将manB基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)和枯草芽胞杆菌WB800N中进行表达,并研究其酶学特性。【结果】克隆得到的manB基因序列有一个含1104 bp的开放阅读框,编码一种含有367个氨基酸的甘露聚糖酶(ManB)。经预测其蛋白序列N末端有一个含有31个氨基酸的信号肽。将ManB的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析,发现其与来源于短小芽孢杆菌CCAM080065的甘露聚糖酶具有很高的一致性,可以推测ManB属于糖苷水解酶家族26。manB基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功地表达,得到甘露聚糖酶最高酶活为11021.3 U/mL。与其它甘露聚糖酶比较,ManB在碱性条件下表现出较高的稳定性,在pH6.0－9.0之间酶活相对稳定。纯化后的ManB比活可达4191±107 U/mg。酶反应动力学参数Km和Vmax分别为35.7 mg/mL和14.9 μmol/(mL·min)。同时,在枯草芽胞杆菌WB800N中也成功地实现了重组蛋白ManB的分泌表达。【结论】β-甘露聚糖酶基因成功实现异源表达,并得到其酶学性质。本文是首次报道从臭豆腐卤液中分离菌株,克隆表达甘露聚糖酶,并描述其酶学特性。ManB在碱性条件下的酶活稳定性,使得其在工业应用中具备较高的潜在应用价值。     

巨大芽孢杆菌β-淀粉酶基因的克隆、表达和酶学性质分析

从巨大芽孢杆(Bacillus megaterium)的全基因组DNA文库中筛选出一个β-淀粉酶基因amyG,分析测定了其核苷酸序列并进行了诱导表达;其中amyG编码的蛋白有545个氨基酸、分子量为60.194 kD,与已报道的巨大芽孢杆菌DSM319的β-淀粉酶序列有着94.5%的同源性.经氨基酸序列比较分析发现,AmyG从N末端到C末端依次由信号肽域、糖基水解酶催化功能域和淀粉结合域3个功能域组成.其中催化功能域里含有第14家族糖基水解酶常见的几个高度保守的酶催化活性区.经多步纯化,重组酶的比活共提高了7.4倍,获得凝胶电泳均一的蛋白样品;经SDS-PAGE电泳测定,酶AmyG的分子量为57 kD.该酶的最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH为7.0;在温度不超过60℃时,酶活较稳定:AmyG能迅速降解淀粉生成麦芽糖,属于外切β-糖苷酶.     

巨大芽孢杆菌表达系统的特点及其研究进展

巨大芽孢杆菌表达系统是口前比较成功的异源蛋白原核分泌达系统,可能成为大肠杆菌表达系统的替代品,该文对该表达系统的特点及研究进展作一简要综述.该系统质具有胞外蛋白酶活性低,质粒稳定,可以直接将表达的蛋白高效分泌到培养基中,且无内毒素,诱导剂廉价和易培养等优点.至今已有多个基因在巨大芽孢杆菌中成功获得表达,这个系统被使用得越来越多.     

巨大芽孢杆菌淀粉酶基因的克隆及其在枯草杆菌中的表达

以λ噬菌体为载体,采用鸟枪法由B.megaterium基因组克隆得到了1个淀粉酶基因,并已被亚克隆到E.coli和B.subtilis中,其表达水平较B.megaterium高250倍。克隆株产生的淀粉酶对直链淀粉的早期水解产物主要为麦芽三糖和麦芽糖,随着水解时间的延长,又将它们转变为葡萄糖。同时能以麦芽三糖为底物水解为麦芽糖和葡萄糖。受体菌的平行提取物无上述水解活性。因而该酶被确定为糖化型α-淀粉酶。SDS-凝胶电泳法确定酶分子量为58000道尔顿。     

巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶基因在枯草杆菌中的高表达

用ＰＣＲ方法从巨大芽孢杆菌的基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增到青霉素Ｇ酰化酶基因,并装载到枯草杆菌质粒ｐＰＺＷ１０３中,将其转化到枯草杆菌ＤＢ１０４中进行了分泌表达,重组菌株产酶无需苯乙酸诱导。在３７℃培养２４ｈ,菌液酶活力可达６ｕ／ｍｌ。１０天的连续传代实验表明重组菌株的稳定性很高。     

Expression of dnaK and groESL operons during sporulation of Bacillus megaterium

Expression of the dnaK and groEL genes during sporulation was assayed by determination of their mRNA levels by Northern blotting and compared with the relative level and rate of synthesis of the corresponding proteins. The ability of sporulating cells to respond to a heat shock by an increase in dnaK and groEL expression was determined at the same time. Synthesis of DnaK and GroEL encoding mRNAs during sporulation in non-shocked cells was low suggesting that this kind of cytodifferentiation was not accompanied by enhanced synthesis of these chaperones. Also the ability of sporulating cells to respond to a heat shock by stimulating their synthesis substantially decreased during the reversible and dropped to negligible values during the irreversible sporulation phase. Nevertheless, some dependence of the heat shock response on sporulation exists because sporulation suppression by mutation or by netropsin treatment further decreased the cells' capacity to respond to a heat shock.     

巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素酰化酶在枯草杆菌中的表达及其分离纯化

青霉素酰化酶（ＰＧＡ）在医药工业起着重要的作用,它能够水解青霉素Ｇ产生６－氨基青霉烷酸（６－ＡＰＡ）和苯乙酸,６－ＡＰＡ是半合成青霉素的关键中间体．该酶广泛存在于各种微生物中如真菌和细菌中．国际上对Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ、Ａｒｔｈｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｖｉｓｃｏｓｕ...     

Energy-dependent uptake of urea by Bacillus megaterium

Evidence for the existence of an energy-dependent urea uptake system in Bacillus megaterium DSM 90 was obtained by studying the uptake of 14C-urea. In vivo urea uptake and in vitro urease activity differed significantly with respect to temperature- and pH-dependence, kinetic parameters and response towards metabolic inhibitors. Highest uptake activities were observed during exponential growth, and a rapid decrease in urea uptake occurred when cells entered the stationary growth phase and started to sporulate. Significant differences in the uptake rates were observed during growth with different nitrogen sources, suggesting that the formation of the system is under nitrogen control.     

Codon optimized Thermobifida fusca hydrolase secreted by Bacillus megaterium

Production and secretion of a 28,172 Da hydrolase from Thermobifida fusca (TFH) in Bacillus megaterium MS941 and WH323 was investigated in shake flask and pH controlled bioreactors. Successful production of heterologous TFH was achieved by adapting the original tfh gene to the optimal codon usage of B. megaterium. A codon adaption index close to one was reached. The codon optimized tfh was cloned into an open reading frame with DNA sequence for the N-terminal signal peptide of B. megaterium lipase A and a C-terminal His(6)-tag, all under the control of a xylose inducible promoter. Successful TFH production and secretion were observed using batch reactor cultivations with complex medium. Expression of the tfh gene from the P(xylA) promoter and secretion of produced TFH were compared in detail to batch reactor cultivations with semi-defined growth medium. For the first time, significant TFH secretion was achieved using a semi-defined medium in glucose limited fed batch cultivations yielding 10-fold higher cell densities compared to LB medium cultivation. Comparable volumetric TFH activities were obtained for both cultivation strategies. Surprisingly, measured specific TFH activities exhibited drastic discrepancies between preparations from LB and semi-defined medium grown B. megaterium. TFH recovery by Ni-chelate affinity chromatography resulted in higher purification factors when LB medium was used. These results indicated that secreted TFH is favorably produced by batch cultures of B. megaterium WH323 in LB medium.     

巨大芽孢杆菌表达外源蛋白的特点及其研究进展

巨大芽孢杆菌是一种很有潜力的分泌型基因工程宿主菌,现已广泛应用于工业和学术研究领域。它具有表达率高、遗传稳定、产物可分泌、发酵工艺成熟等优点。本文综述了其自身的优点,表达载体的特点,巨大芽孢杆菌的转化方法,外源蛋白的表达,以及高效表达的策略,并对未来进行展望。     

Production and secretion of recombinant Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextransucrase DsrS in Bacillus megaterium

Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextransucrase DsrS was recombinantly produced in Bacillus megaterium and exported into the growth medium. For this purpose a plasmid-based xylose-inducible gene expression system was optimized via introduction of a multiple cloning site and an encoded optimal B. megaterium ribosome binding site. A cre mediating glucose-dependent catabolite repression was removed. Recombinant DsrS was found in the cytoplasm and exported via its native leader sequence into the growth medium. Elimination of the extracellular protease NprM increased extracellular DsrS concentrations by a factor of 4 and stabilized the recombinant protein for up to 12 h. Cultivation in a semi-defined medium resulted in a further doubling of extracellular DsrS concentration up to an activity of 65 Units/L. To develop an industrial process a high cell density cultivation of B. megaterium was established yielding cell dry weights of up to 80 g/L. After induction of dsrS expression high specific (362 Units/g) and volumetric (28,600 Units/L) activities of dextran free DsrS were measured. However, using high cell density cultivation, most DsrS was found cell-associated indicating current limitations of the production process. A protease accessibility assay identified the major limitation of DsrS production at the level of protein folding. Intracellular misfolding of DsrS hampered DsrS export via the SEC pathway at high cell densities. The subsequent use of a semi-defined mineral medium and the induction of DsrS production at lower cell densities increased protein export efficiency remarkably, but also led to extracellular DsrS aggregation. Further optimization strategies for the production of recombinant DsrS in B. megaterium are discussed.     

多重PCR技术检测微生物肥料中巨大芽孢杆菌和蜡样群芽孢杆菌的研究与应用

巨大芽孢杆菌是微生物肥料生产中的常用菌种, 与之形态上相似的蜡样群芽孢杆菌(蜡样芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌)则是产品中常见的污染菌, 传统方法区分两者费时费力, 有必要建立检测这两类芽孢杆菌的PCR方法。本文利用已登录的spoOA基因序列分别设计和筛选了上述两个种(群)的特异引物, 并建立了多重PCR检测技术。使用该方法对巨大芽孢杆菌、蜡样群芽孢杆菌和其他芽孢菌共3属13种24株标准菌株的基因组DNA进行扩增, 以检验其特异性。结果显示, 巨大芽孢杆菌、蜡样群芽孢杆菌基因组DNA分别产生大小不同的唯一产物, 其他芽孢杆菌均为阴性。该多重PCR检测方法的灵敏度经测定为105 CFU/mL。同时对10株待测菌株和8个微生物肥料产品进行检测, 其鉴定结果与常规鉴定结果一致。以上结果表明, 本文建立的多重PCR方法具有较高的特异性和灵敏度, 可快速、准确鉴定巨大芽孢杆菌和蜡样群芽孢杆菌, 在微生物肥料检测方面有良好的实用前景。