迷失的世界(15)

正【前情回顾】校长被困在着火的小屋里。米鲁和伽马将其解救出来后,发现这一切都是兔人设计的圈套。与此同时,兔人和鼠人将巨魔芋的花序带回精灵世界。为了追踪他们,米鲁和伽马也紧随而至。     

水生生物学报 15卷 (1991) 总目录

第1期革胡子站原始生殖细胞的起源、迁移及性腺分化····························,··········……刘少军(l)鳞、缩在东湖生态系统的氮、磷循环中的作用·,···················……陈少莲、刘肖芳、华俐(8)盐泽螺旋藻与其他螺旋藻的比较研究··············‘············……,····················……林惠民(27)辽宁省摇蚊幼虫的研究···························……,···············…     

顶青霉D_(15)木聚糖酶性质研究

本文对项青霉D_(1(?))的四个木聚糖酶组分的特性进行了研究。木聚糖酶组分D_(x1)、D_(x4)的最佳反应pH为4.8,最适温度分别为40℃和50℃,D_(x2)和D_(x3)的最适pH和温度都分别为pH4.2和50℃。Ag~(++)、Hg~(++),Cu~(++)对四个组分的活性均有强烈的抑制作用,SDS也能产生明显的抑制效果。Mn~(++)对D_(x1)具有促进作用。D_(x1)、D_(x4)在以燕麦木聚糖为底物时活性最高,其Km值分别为11.7(mg/ml)和8.3(mg/ml),D_(x2)和D_(x3)则分别在水解红麻杆木聚糖和落叶松木聚糖时活性最强,Km值分别为8.4(mg/ml)和6.3(mg/ml)。水解燕麦木聚糖,D_(x1)的产物主要为木糖,同时带有少量的低聚木糖。D_(x2)、D_(x3)和D_(x4)的产物则包括木糖和较多的低聚木糖。D_(x4)与D_(x2)及D_(x3)之间在水解燕麦木聚糖时存在协同作用关系。     

实验15 DNA介导转移基因(DMGT)

1.配制试剂 100×磷酸缓冲液:Na_2HPO_4·7H_2O 0.49克。NaH_2PO_4·H_2O 0.7克,溶于100毫升水中,过滤除菌。—20℃贮存。Hepes缓冲液:Hepes(50mM)1.19克(分子量为238.3),NaCl(280mM)1.64克,溶于水中,用1N NaOH调节pH为7.05—7.10,加水至100毫升,过滤除菌。—20℃贮存。     

Palmitates of Isomeric 15-Oxygenated Δ8(14)-Sterols

3-Hexadecanoyloxy-5-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one, 3-hexadecanoyloxy-5-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one, 15-hexadecanoyloxy-5-cholest-8(14)-en-3-ol, 15-hexadecanoyloxy-5-cholest-8(14)-en-3-ol, 15-hexadecanoyloxy-5-cholest-8(14)-en-3-one, and 15-hexadecanoyloxy-5-cholest-8(14)-en-3-one were synthesized and their chromatographic and ¹H NMR characteristics were determined.     

用N~(15)示踪方法研究氨基酸的肥效作用

以Ｎ１５标记的氨基酸为试验材料,证明外源氨基酸分子可以被稻苗直接吸收,并进一步证明氨基酸施肥后稻苗植株健壮,干重增加,是氨基酸分子进入植物体内的结果,这与我们以往所作的氨基酸植物肥效试验结果完全吻合。     

Termination of molar pregnancy by intramuscular administration of 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2α

Eleven patients entered a multicentre trial of repeated intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2α (15-me-PGF2α) for terminating molar pregnancy. Duration of pregnancy ranged from 9 to 24 (median: 16) weeks and uterine size from 15 to 24 (median: 19) weeks. Complete (n=5) or incomplete (n=4) expulsion of molar tissue occurred in 9 patients (82%) after a median duration of 15.7 hours. In the remaining 2 patients treatment was interrupted after 8 hours at a cervical dilatation of 1 cm or more. Gastro-intestinal side effects were prominent in 64%. The use of prostaglandins in the management of hydatidiform mole is discussed.     

[A_(15)Asn,A_(17)Pro,A_(21)Ala]-胰岛素的体内外生物活性

对胰岛素的研究使得许多生命科学中的重要问题被认识．然而对于胰岛素结构和功能关系,仍有许多不清楚的地方．在胰岛素Ａ链的Ｎ端和Ｃ端各有一个螺旋区：Ａ２－８和Ａ１２－１８．杨士珍［１］的研究表明：缺失Ａ１２－１８肽段的Ａ链类似物虽然能和天然Ｂ链重组,但其重组产物只保留了天然胰岛素的约６％的体内外生物活性．这说明Ａ１２－１８对胰岛素的生物活性十分重要．但是这一结果还不能说明是Ａ１２－１８螺旋还是Ａ１２－１８肽段对胰岛素的生物活性十分重要．根据Ｃｈｕｏ－Ｆａｓｍａｎ法,在含有Ａｓｎ和Ｐｒｏ的肽段中不能形成…     

Activity of synthetic gibberellin A15 and (±)-gibberellin A15isolactone

The activities of (±)-gibberellin A₁₅ ((±)-GA₁₅) and (±)-gibberellin A₁₅-isolactone ((±)-iso-GA₁₅) which were obtained by stereocontrolled total synthesis and gibberellin A₁₅ (E-GA₁₅) synthesized by interconversion of enmein were assayed by the rice seedling test. As expected, (±)-GA₁₅ showed half the activity of natural gibberellin A₁₅ (GA₁₅). E-GA₁₅ which has a natural configuration showed the same activity as natural gibberellin A₁₅ while (±)-iso-GA₁₅ was almost inactive. These samples were also submitted to the cucumber hypocotyl assay. Contrary to what has already been reported, they were almost inactive.     

α/β-Hydrolase Domain Containing Protein 15 (ABHD15) – an Adipogenic Protein Protecting from Apoptosis

Our knowledge about adipocyte metabolism and development is steadily growing, yet many players are still undefined. Here, we show that α/β-hydrolase domain containing protein 15 (Abhd15) is a direct and functional target gene of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), the master regulator of adipogenesis. In line, Abhd15 is mainly expressed in brown and white adipose tissue and strongly upregulated during adipogenesis in various murine and human cell lines. Stable knockdown of Abhd15 in 3T3-L1 cells evokes a striking differentiation defect, as evidenced by low lipid accumulation and decreased expression of adipocyte marker genes. In preconfluent cells, knockdown of Abhd15 leads to impaired proliferation, which is caused by apoptosis, as we see an increased SubG1 peak, caspase 3/7 activity, and BAX protein expression as well as a reduction in anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein. Furthermore, apoptosis-inducing amounts of palmitic acid evoke a massive increase of Abhd15 expression, proposing an apoptosis-protecting role for ABHD15. On the other hand, in mature adipocytes physiological (i.e. non-apoptotic) concentrations of palmitic acid down-regulate Abhd15 expression. Accordingly, we found that the expression of Abhd15 in adipose tissue is reduced in physiological situations with high free fatty acid levels, like high-fat diet, fasting, and aging as well as in genetically obese mice. Collectively, our results position ABHD15 as an essential component in the development of adipocytes as well as in apoptosis, thereby connecting two substantial factors in the regulation of adipocyte number and size. Together with its intricate regulation by free fatty acids, ABHD15 might be an intriguing new target in obesity and diabetes research.     

一例t(15q;Yq)的家系调查分析

本文报道一例遗传性t(15q;Yq)的家族遗传病。经外周血淋巴细胞培养,进行G-显带、C-显带、Q-荧光显带、Ag-NOR、X小体、Y小体等项检查,其染色体除先证者具有正常女性核型外,多余出Y长臂的荧光区部分,核型为46,XX,—15+t(15q;Yq)。家族中的5名主要成员中,3名男性均有一条与先证者相同的衍生染色体,核型为46,XY,—15+t(15q;Yq)为Y长臂部分二体型,其表型正常,并有生育能力。现将调查分析结果报道如下。     

15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) attenuates the biological activities of monocyte/macrophage cell lines

Monocytes/macrophages link the innate and adaptive immune systems, and in inflammatory disorders their activation leads to tissue damage. 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), a natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligand, has garnered much interest because it possesses anti-inflammatory properties in a number of experimental models. However, whether it regulates monocytes/macrophage pathophysiology is still unknown. This study was designed to examine the effects of 15d-PGJ(2) on the phagocytosis, proliferation and inflammatory cytokines generation in mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and J774A.1 cells upon lipopolysaccharide challenge. Our results showed that 15d-PGJ(2) inhibited the phagocytic activity and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and suppressed proinflammatory cytokines expression, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. These effects were independent of PPARγ, because PPARγ agonist (troglitazone or ciglitazone) and PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) did not affect these activities mentioned above in cells. Treatment of 15d-PGJ(2) also did not modulate expression and distribution of PPARγ. However, these effects of 15d-PGJ(2) were abrogated by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Moreover, treatment of 15d-PGJ(2) induced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production in RAW264.7 and J774A.1 cells. In conclusion, 15d-PGJ(2) attenuates the biological activities of mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line cells involving oxidative stress, independently of PPARγ. These data further underline the anti-inflammation potential of 15d-PGJ(2).     

Midtrimester and missed abortion treated with intramuscular 15 (S)-15 methyl PGF2α

Abortion was successfully induced in 79 of 80 patients in midtrimester, by the serial administration of 250 μg of 15 (S)-15 methyl PGF₂α intramuscularly every second hour until abortion occurred. All 12 patients with missed abortion and 87% of the legal abortion patients aborted within 24 hours. The average period until abortion occurred in the missed abortion group was 8.2 hours (± 4.5 SD), and in the legal abortion group 16.4 hours (± 7.3 SD). All the patients were given prophylactic treatment for vomiting, using prochlorperazine. The average number of episodes of vomiting was 2.8 per patient. All but 3 patients were given loperamide or diphenoxylate for “diarrhoea”. The average number of episodes of diarrhoea was 2.5 per patient. The frequency of complications was low apart from a case of low uterine rupture.     

15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) interferes inducible synthesis of prostaglandins E(2) and F(2α) that suppress subsequent adipogenesis program in cultured preadipocytes

Cultured preadipocytes enhance the synthesis of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and PGF(2α) involving the induction of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 during the growth phase upon stimulation with a mixture of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a mitogenic factor, and calcium ionophore A23187. Here, we studied the interactive effect of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) on the inducible synthesis of the endogenous PGs in cultured preadipocytes and its implication in adipogenesis program. 15d-PGJ(2) interfered significantly the endogenous synthesis of those PGs in response to cell stimuli by suppressing the induction of COX-2 following the attenuation of NF-κB activation. In contrast, Δ(12)-PGJ(2) and troglitazone had almost no inhibitory effects, indicating a mechanism independent of the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ for the action of 15-PGJ(2). Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-κB inhibitor, effectively inhibited on the inducible synthesis of those PGs in preadipocytes. Endogenous PGs generated by preadipocytes only during the growth phase in response to the cell stimuli autonomously attenuated the subsequent adipogenesis program leading to the differentiation and maturation of adipocytes. These effects were prevented by additional co-incubation of preadipocytes with either 15d-PGJ(2) or PDTC although 15d-PGJ(2) alone has no stimulatory effect. Moreover, 15d-PGJ(2) did not block the inhibitory effects of exogenous PGE(2) and PGF(2α) on the adipogenesis program in preadipocytes. Taken together, 15d-PGJ(2) can interfere the COX pathway leading to the induced synthesis of endogenous PGs that contribute to negative regulation of adipogenesis program in preadipocytes.     

内蒙古草原常见植物叶片δ~(13)C和δ~(15)对环境因子的响应

在中国东北样带沿线的内蒙古草原地区采集了一些常见植物的叶片样品,并测定其δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值,分析了其统计学特征以及对环境因子(年平均降雨量和温度)的响应模式。发现东北样带草原区同时存在C_3和C_4两种不同光合途径的植物,但是C_3植物占主导地位,C_4植物数量有限。C_3植物叶片δ~(13)C随着年平均降雨量和年平均温度的升高而显著降低,反映了此区域C_3植物δ~(13)C受控于降水量和温度。C_4植物的叶片δ~(13)C值随着降雨量的增多而有轻微升高的趋势,但是C_4植物的叶片δ~(13)C值对年平均温度的响应不敏感。不论对C_3植物还是C_4植物而言,叶片δ~(15)N都随降雨量增加而显著降低,即干旱区的植物叶片δ~(15)N大于湿润地区,这说明降水是影响植物叶片δ~(15)N的一个重要因素。然而两者叶片δ~(15)N对温度的响应不敏感。     

应用稳定性同位素(δ~(13)C、δ~(15)N)技术研究长江中游干流主要鱼类的营养级

应用稳定性同位素(δ13C、δ15N)技术对2011年3月至2013年12月采自长江中游干流宜昌、荆州、石首、监利、城陵矶、鄂州、九江和湖口江段的44种鱼类及3种水生无脊椎动物进行了营养级研究。长江中游干流鱼类的δ13C值范围﹣33.83‰(鳙Aristichthys nobilis)~﹣17.36‰(南方鲇Silurus meridionalis),δ15N值范围4.83‰(泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)~15.13‰(翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus)。以梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificata)的δ15N均值5.48‰作为营养级基准线(营养级=2),计算出该江段水生动物的营养级处于2.42~4.88,主要集中在2.83~3.61之间,鱼类平均营养级为3.28。营养级大于2.83的鱼类种类数量占了总生物种数的80.85%。大刺鳅(Mastacembelus armatus)和长春鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)营养级最低,分别为2.42±0.49和2.56±0.52,营养层级大于4.0的高级消费者为太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis)、短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)、鳙和长蛇(Saurogobio dumerili),分别为4.88±0.01、4.37±0.27、4.32±0.35和4.09±0.78,小黄黝鱼(Micropercops swinhonis)、(Elopichthys bambusa)、鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)、翘嘴鲌、青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)和南方鲇的营养级分别3.99、3.92±0.16、3.89±0.27、3.87±0.62、3.59±0.69和3.59±0.57。本研究旨为长江中游渔业资源评估及其合理利用提供基础科学资料,为进一步研究长江中游干流渔业资源营养结构的动态变化及受人为活动干扰影响等提供科学参考依据。     

New Δ8(14)-15-Ketosterols with an Oxygenated Side Chain

New analogues of 3β-hydroxy-5α-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one (15-ketosterol) with modified 17-chains [(22S,23S,24S)- and (22R,23R,24S)-3β-hydroxy-24-methyl-22,23-oxido-5α -cholest-8(14)-en-15- ones and (22RS,23ξ,24S)-24-methyl-5α-cholesta-8(14)-ene-3β, 22,23-triol-15-one] were synthesized from (22E,24S)-3β-acetoxy-24-methyl-5α-cholesta-8(14), 22-dien-15-one. The chiralities of their 22 and 23 centers were determined by NMR spectroscopy. The isomeric 22,23-epoxides effectively inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatoma Hep G2 cells (IC₅₀ 0.9±0.2 and 0.7±0.2 μM, respectively), and their activities significantly exceeded those of 15-ketosterol (IC₅₀ 4.0±0.5 μM), (22E,24S)-3β-hydroxy-24-methyl-5α-cholesta-8(14),22- dien-15-one (IC₅₀ 3.1±0.4 μM), and the 3β,22,23-triol synthesized (IC₅₀ 6.0±1.0 μM).__________Translated from Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2005, pp. 312–319.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Flegentov, Piir, Medvedeva, Tkachev, Timofeev, Misharin.     

《天然产物研究与开发》第15卷(2003)总目录

第一期苍白秤钩风 (DiploclisiaGlaucescens)中的木脂素———左旋丁香脂素的晶体结构研究 黄孝春 ,郭跃伟 ,吕　扬等 ( 1)………………………………超临界流体萃取———高效液相色谱法测定百合中秋水仙碱何纯莲 ,李谷才 ,任凤莲等 ( 5)…………………………………………………………瓜蒌薤白白酒汤活性成分研究IV :含氮及其它类化合物何祥久 ,邱峰 ,姚新生 ( 9)…………………………………………………………………水冬瓜果肉的非油脂化学成分周　燕 ,周真明 ,曹沛等 ( 13)………………………………………………………………………………     

国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部2000年度资助重点科学基金项目一览表(15项)

项　目　名　称　负责人　单　位　名　称极端环境微生物的遗传基础　黄　力　中国科学院微生物研究所植物次生代谢产物合成途径研究　陈晓亚　中国科学院上海植物生理研究所水土流失的生态学规律及监控　王兆骞　浙江大学感觉神经元脉冲序列的非线性特性与时间编码　胡三觉　中国人民解放军第四军医大学ＳＴＡＴ信号通路在系统性风湿性自身免疫病中的作用　傅新元　清华大学ＭＡＰＫ对炎症反应的信号调控及机制研究　姜　勇　中国人民解放军第一军医大学胚胎干细胞系的建立及定向诱导　卢光　湖南医科大学利用模式生物鉴定人类新基因的生物…