酪酸梭菌与双歧杆菌对肠道致病菌的体外生物拮抗作用

目的：探讨酪酸梭菌和婴儿型双歧杆菌对某些肠道致病菌的拮抗作用,方法：将酪酸梭菌和婴和型双歧杆菌单株菌及两株菌混合后分别与几株肠道致病菌混合接种于GAM液体培养其中进行厌氧培养,通过平板菌落计数法计算肠道致病菌的菌数,结果：经混合培养后肠道致病菌的菌数明显下降,结论：酪酸梭菌LCL166株和婴儿型双歧杆菌LCL172株在体外能明显抑制几株肠道致病菌的生长繁殖。     

阴道卷曲乳酸杆菌对阴道致病菌的体外生物拮抗作用

目的研究阴道卷曲乳酸杆菌对阴道致病菌的体外生物拮抗作用。方法将阴道卷曲乳酸杆菌分别与3株阴道致病菌（金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、粪肠球菌）混合接种于GAM液体培养基中进行厌氧培养,通过平板菌落计数法计算阴道致病菌的菌数。结果经混合培养后阴道致病菌的菌数明显下降。结论阴道卷曲乳酸杆菌A7在体外能明显抑制3株肠道致病菌的生长繁殖。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片体外生物拮抗作用的研究

目的实验通过双歧杆菌四联活菌片(思连康)对肠道致病菌体外生物拮抗作用的研究,揭示此药治疗腹泻等疾病的作用机制,为临床应用提供科学依据。方法对组成药物的4株益生菌发酵培养,定时取样,检测活菌数与pH值。先分别单独培养大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、思连康活菌片,调整菌液浓度,然后将思连康与每一个致病菌的菌液共同接种于GAM肉汤,并将每种菌液单独接种作为对照组,厌氧培养,定时检测致病菌与双歧杆菌的活菌数并分析。结果思连康4株菌株发酵终点活菌数均在109 CFU/mL以上,发酵过程中3株原籍菌的pH值逐渐下降,蜡样芽孢杆菌pH值先下降后升高。思连康与致病菌共培养6h,思连康显著影响大肠埃希菌生长(P0.05),而对沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的生长无影响(P0.05);共培养12h,思连康对3株致病菌均产生明显抑菌作用(P0.05);共培养24h,未检测到致病菌的存在(P0.01)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片对致病菌抑制作用强。     

酪酸菌对肠道有益菌的增殖作用和共生关系研究

目的通过体外液体培养证明,酪酸菌能与双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和粪链球菌这些肠道有益菌共生.方法在双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和粪链球菌的培养基中,加入1/3比例的酪酸菌发酵提取物,进行室温培养24 h.结果3种菌的活菌含量分别比对照组提高了24.00%、42.57%和6.76%.结论表明酪酸菌对肠道有益菌具有增殖作用.     

枯草芽孢杆菌活菌体外拮抗6种肠道致病菌的研究

对枯草芽孢杆菌BS 3株在体外对 6种常见肠道致病菌 (肠产毒性大肠杆菌、肠侵袭性大肠杆菌、肠致病性大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、福氏志贺菌和宋内志贺菌 )的拮抗作用进行了研究。结果表明 ,枯草芽孢杆菌BS 3株对宋内志贺菌、肠致病性大肠杆菌及肠产毒性大肠杆菌拮抗作用较为明显。     

酪酸梭菌与婴儿型双歧杆菌对产气荚膜梭菌试管内生物拮抗作用的研究

用酪酸权菌（Clostridium butyricum）和婴儿型双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium Infantis）对产气荚膜梭菌（Clostriduim perfringens）进行试管内的生物拮抗试验。将酪酸梭菌、婴儿型双歧杆菌及酪酸梭菌和婴儿型双歧杆菌分别对产气荚膜酸菌以一定的比例等量混合接种于GAM液体培养基中进行厌氧培养。实验证明酪酸梭菌和婴儿型双歧能明显抑制产气荚膜梭菌的生长,并且比各自单独培养时显示了较强的生物拮抗作用。     

酪酸梭菌与婴双歧杆菌对艰难梭菌体外生物拮抗作用的作用

用酪酸梭菌（Clostridium butyricum)和婴双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium infantis)单独或联合艰难菌（Clostridium difficile)进行试管内的生物拮抗作用,将酪酸梭菌、婴儿双歧杆菌单独或酪酸梭菌和婴儿双歧杆菌联合分别与艰难梭菌以一定的比例等量混合后,接种于GAM液体培养基中进行厌氧培养。证明酪酸梭菌和婴儿双歧杆菌能明显抑制艰难梭菌的生长,并且两菌联合比各自单独培养时显示出更强的生物拮抗作用。     

SEF14菌毛基因操纵子在肠炎沙门氏菌和D-群沙门氏菌的变异分析

【目的】本文旨在探索SEF14菌毛特异性表达于D-群沙门氏菌,特别是肠炎沙门氏菌以及都柏林沙门氏菌的原因。【方法】应用PCR扩增以及序列测定检测了18株鸡白痢沙门氏菌,11株肠炎沙门氏菌以及1株都柏林沙门氏菌标准株中sefA,sefD和sefR基因序列,并分析比对其序列变异。【结果】以11株肠炎沙门氏菌以及1株都柏林沙门氏菌染色体DNA为模板能成功扩增sefA,sefD以及sefR基因;从18株鸡白痢沙门氏菌中均能成功扩增sefA基因,但只有分离于1980年之前的7株分离菌能成功扩增sefD和sefR基因,而另11株1980年后分离菌PCR扩增sefD和sefR基因却无任何产物。比对PCR扩增产物测序结果发现,11株肠炎沙门氏菌以及1株都柏林沙门氏菌株中sefA,sefD以及sefR基因序列和已发表的序列(GenBank登录号为L11008,U07129和AF233854)100%同源;7株鸡白痢沙门氏菌sefD基因测序结果表明,在196位点处发生碱基缺失,造成移码突变,提前于氨基酸残基71位点处产生终止密码子。优化菌毛表达条件,体外抽提和纯化菌毛并进一步试验证明:肠炎沙门氏菌以及都柏林沙门氏菌体外能很好表达SEF14菌毛,但鸡白痢沙门氏菌在相同培养条件下却无任何表达迹象。【结论】SEF14菌毛操纵子亚单位基因sefA,sefD以及调节基因sefR在不同沙门氏菌中的变异情况可能是SEF14菌毛局限性表达的原因之一。     

细菌对肉鸡肠粘液的粘附作用

研究两歧双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、禽大肠杆菌O78、大肠杆菌 ATCC 25922、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌与肉鸡不同部位肠粘液糖蛋白的粘附性能,探讨两歧双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌对所试病原菌的抗粘附作用。结果表明：在不同的肠道部位,两歧双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌与肠粘液糖蛋白均有不同的粘附作用,而禽大肠杆菌O78、大肠杆菌 ATCC 25922在各肠段粘液上的粘附性能则相近;在相同的肠道部位,所试益生菌的粘附能力大于病原菌;两歧双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌对所试病原菌的粘附有不同的阻断作用,同时二者有时还存在互补抗粘附作用。     

1株枯草芽胞杆菌体外拮抗6种肠道致病菌的研究

目的研究枯草杆菌BS-3株对大肠埃希菌等6种肠道致病菌的拮抗作用。方法通过在体外BS-3菌株分别与大肠埃希菌等6种致病菌混合培养后,观察不同时间内各菌的菌量变化。结果BS-3菌株与6种肠道致病菌混合培养24、48、72和96h,其菌量逐渐增加;6种致病菌的菌量随着培养时间延续逐渐减少,其中产毒性大肠埃希菌、致病性大肠埃希菌和宋内志贺菌与对照组比较差异更明显。结论BS3菌株在培养生长过程中,可抑制大肠埃希菌等6种肠道致病菌的生长。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.