儿童乳牙根尖周炎感染根管厌氧细菌学分析

目的：报告50例5-8.5岁儿童根尖周炎患者感染根管73颗乳牙厌氧菌分离鉴定及体外药敏试验的结果,方法：采用K-B法。结果：89.04%(65/73)的患牙共检出厌氧菌150株,平均每例标本检出2.3株,常用抗厌氧菌药物替硝唑（TNZ）、甲硝唑（MNZ）对革兰阴性厌氧菌（产黑色素普氏菌,中间普氏菌,解脲拟杆菌,具核梭杆菌,牙龈二氧化碳噬纤维菌）有较好的抑菌作用;林可霉素对革兰阳性厌氧菌（厌氧消化链球菌,嗜酸乳杆菌）的作用则强于TNZ和MNZ,氯霉素（C）和乙旋螺旋霉素（AS）抗厌氧菌的作用则弱于前三者。结论：分析儿童乳牙根尖周炎感染根管菌群来决定抗菌药物的选择,在临床治疗上是必要的。     

72例肝脓肿厌氧菌培养结果分析

报告７２例肝脓肿患者脓液厌氧和需氧培养,结果４４例培养阳性、总检出率６１．１％,其中单纯厌氧菌和单纯需氧菌检出率,分别占阳性标本的２２．７％和３４．１％,混合阳性占４３．２％。共检出细菌７２株（厌氧菌３４株,需氧菌３８株）,其中以消化链球菌（５０．０％）和大肠埃希氏菌（３４．２％）多见。并对诱发原因,细菌种类和药敏试验进行了讨论。     

儿童乳牙根管感染的细菌学分析

对18例3～8岁儿童乳牙的根管感染以无菌技术进行定量取样,按种于12种选择性培养基和2种非选择性培养基上,进行需氧、微需氧和厌氧培养,并对细菌菌落计数。对牙髓拟杆菌和牙龈拟杆菌作半定量免疫荧光染色计数;并对其中9例病牙进行了菌相分析。检出的所有细菌中,厌氧菌占绝对优势;其中检出率较高的菌为:产黑色素拟杆菌属,厌氧革兰氏阳性球菌,微需氧革兰氏阳性球菌等.本试验证明,儿童乳牙根管感染是以厌氧菌为主的混合感染,其中以产黑色素拟杆菌属等最常见.     

子宫颈炎的厌氧菌培养结果分析

报告５３例子宫颈炎症患者厌氧菌和需氧菌培养,结果全部阳性,阳性率１００％,其中厌氧菌和需氧菌阳性率分别为２８．３％和１５．１％,混合阳性率５６．６％。分离出厌氧菌８５株,需氧菌５９株。前者以消化链球菌多见,占３２．９％,次为类杆菌（２８．２％）;后者以葡萄球菌具多,占２３．７％,次为链球菌和大肠埃希氏菌（１８．６％和１６．９％）。并对细菌种类和药敏试验进行了讨论。     

40例腹部感染患者的厌氧菌分析

对我院４０例腹部感染进行了厌氧菌和需氧菌培养,结果３３例培养阳性,总检出率８２．５％,其中单纯厌氧菌和单纯需氧菌检出率,分别占阳性标本的２７．３％和３３．３％,混合阳性占３９．４％,厌氧菌中以革兰氏阴性杆菌多见６０．７％（１７／２８）,需氧菌中同样以革兰氏阴性杆菌多见６０．６％（２０／３３）,这些细菌是人体肠道内的正常菌群,提示腹部感染主要为内源性感染。     

高频电对感染根管消毒作用的初步实验研究

目的：初步验证高频电对感染根管是否具有较理想的消毒作用,并且与氢氧化钙药尖的消毒作用进行初步比较分析.方法：本实验制作10只家兔40颗门齿的感染根管动物模型,其中20颗用高频电消毒为实验组.20颗用氢氧化钙药尖消毒为对照组,消毒前后分别作需氧菌和厌氧菌培养并比较其消毒效果.结果：消毒前实验组和对照组各20个根管的需氧及厌氧菌培养全部阳性.实验组消毒后需氧菌3个阳性根管、厌氧菌2个阳性根管,消毒前后对需氧和厌氧菌杀灭作用的差异均具有极显著性 （P〈0.005）.对照组消毒后需氧菌13个阳性根管消毒作用的差异有显著性（P〈0.05）.对照组消毒后厌氧菌11个阳性根管消毒作用的差异有极显著性（P〈0.005）.实验组和对照组分别对需氧和厌氧2个菌种之间消毒作用的差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）.实验组和对照组对需氧菌的消毒作用和对厌氧菌的消毒作用的组间差异均具有极显著性（P〈0.005）.结论：高频电对感染根管内容物的消毒作用优于氢氧化钙药尖,具有临床应用的可行性.值得进一步研究.     

置IUD与宫腔厌氧菌感染的探讨

观察47 例健康妇女放置宫内节育器(IUD)后与宫腔厌氧菌感染的关系。结果表明,置IUD 厌氧菌总感染率为17.02% ,其中IUD 带尾丝组厌氧菌感染率为13.33% ,不带尾丝组感染率为18.75% ,两者无显著性差异;置IUD< 6 个月厌氧菌感染率虽高于> 6 个月组,但无统计学意义;有异常出血组与无异常出血组厌氧菌感染率差异无显著性     

高频电对感染根管消毒作用的初步实验研究

目的:初步验证高频电对感染根管是否具有较理想的消毒作用,并且与氢氧化钙药尖的消毒作用进行初步比较分析。方法:本实验制作10只家兔40颗门齿的感染根管动物模型,其中20颗用高频电消毒为实验组。20颗用氢氧化钙药尖消毒为对照组,消毒前后分别作需氧菌和厌氧菌培养并比较其消毒效果。结果:消毒前实验组和对照组各20个根管的需氧及厌氧菌培养全部阳性。实验组消毒后需氧菌3个阳性根管、厌氧菌2个阳性根管,消毒前后对需氧和厌氧菌杀灭作用的差异均具有极显著性(P<0.005)。对照组消毒后需氧菌13个阳性根管消毒作用的差异有显著性(P<0.05)。对照组消毒后厌氧菌11个阳性根管消毒作用的差异有极显著性(P<0.005)。实验组和对照组分别对需氧和厌氧2个菌种之间消毒作用的差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。实验组和对照组对需氧菌的消毒作用和对厌氧菌的消毒作用的组间差异均具有极显著性(P<0.005)。结论:高频电对感染根管内容物的消毒作用优于氢氧化钙药尖,具有临床应用的可行性。值得进一步研究。     

蜂胶酊对感染根管消毒作用的临床实验研究

用甲醛甲酚作对照,对蜂胶酊作为根管消毒药物作了临床和临床实验研究。７２例病牙封药前后细菌培养结果表明,甲醛甲酚对根管消毒作用强,但开放用药以蜂胶酊为佳。蜂胶酊在根管封药中有较好的消毒作用。可以作为根管消毒药物。     

奥硝唑用于感染根管消毒的细菌学研究

目的　观察和探讨新型抗厌氧菌药物奥硝唑消毒感染根管的抗菌效果。方法　选择感染根管患牙98颗,常规根管预备后,随机分为试验组(奥硝唑组)和对照组(甲醛甲酚组)各4 9颗。分别在根管预备前、预备后及封药后进行根管内细菌标本采样、培养、分离与鉴定,测定根管内细菌变化及检出情况,并观察封药后临床症状和体征的变化。结果　2组封药后,根管内细菌数量及检出率均较封药前明显降低( P<0 .0 5 ) ,根管内细菌数量及检出率比较,差异无显著性( P>0 .0 5 ) ,奥硝唑的近期临床疗效优于甲醛甲酚。结论　奥硝唑是一种较安全、有效的根管消毒药物     

厌氧细菌L型的诱导

用苯唑青霉素、羧苄青霉素对脆弱类杆菌、多形类杆菌、核梭杆菌、产气荚膜杆菌和艰难杆菌等5种厌氧菌进行L型菌的诱导。通过诱导,可见到脆弱类杆菌、多形类杆菌和产气荚膜杆菌形成油煎蛋状或颗粒状菌落。革兰氏染色镜检,见到菌体肿胀,并有丝状体、圆球体和巨球体。细胞壁染色法可见到部分细菌因胞壁缺损而被结晶紫透入菌体着色。诱导后的少数细菌可转变成可滤过型而能通过0.4μm孔径的滤膜。核梭杆菌诱导后形态改变极显著而较难识别。艰难杆菌形态改变小。建设在临床标本细菌培养时,有时尚需增加L型厌氧菌培养,以提高检出率。     

In vitro Activity of Gatifloxacin Against 238 Strains of Anaerobic Bacteria

The activity of gatifloxacin, a new 8-methoxy-fluoroquinolone, was tested against 208 pulmonary pathogens and against an additional 30 isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Pulmonary isolates were from patients with documented anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections and were obtained by appropriate sampling methods. MICs were determined using the NCCLS-approved Wadsworth brucella laked blood agar method and compared to those of clindamycin, imipenem, metronidazole and trovafloxacin. Breakpoints used to define susceptible and [resistant] categories were (in μg/ml): Clindamycin-2, imipenem-4, metronidazole 8 and trovafloxacin. No breakpoint has been defined for gatifloxacin. Gatifloxacin inhibited 99% of all anaerobes tested at 4 μg/ml and 97% of all strains at 2 μg/ml. One strain of B. fragilis was resistant to gatifloxacin at 4 μg/ml; all strains of other B. fragilis group species were susceptible. One strain of Peptostreptococcus sp. was resistant to both gatifloxacin and trovafloxacin (MIC >4 μg/ml). All other strains were susceptible to all agents at ≤μg/ml. All of the non-sporeforming Gram-positive rods were susceptible to gatifloxacin at ≤μg/ml (three strains had an MIC of 4 μg/ml). Trovafloxacin had MICs of 4 μg/ml for two strains, and an MIC of 8 μg/ml for one strain. Five percent of B. fragilis, 21% of other B. fragilis group species and 20% of Clostridium species (other than C. difficile, C. perfringens or C. ramosum) were resistant to clindamycin. No imipenem resistant isolates were found in this study. Gatifloxacin appears to have excellentin vitro activity against pulmonary isolates of anaerobes and very good activity against strains of the B. fragilis group.     

中药抗厌氧菌的系列研究：Ⅲ.大黄抗厌氧菌的实验研究

本研究进一步用大黄水煎液,大黄醇提物和大黄蒽醌衍生物(芦荟大黄素、大黄酸和大黄素),对临床分离的100株厌氧菌进行MIC测定,并对部分菌株进行MBC测定和亚抑菌浓度(Sub-MIC)下细菌形态观察。结果表明,大黄水煎液在1600μg/ml浓度时能抑制74％厌氧菌生长,大黄醇提物的MIC约为水煎液的1/15。三种蒽醌衍生物在8μg/ml时能抑制76～91％厌氧菌生长,这与国际公认的抗厌氧菌药甲硝唑相近。对部分菌株的MBC测定表明,大黄的MBC要大于MIC几倍以上,说明大黄抗厌氧菌主要是抑菌不是杀菌。从Sub-MIC下厌氧菌形态改变提示,大黄主要是抑制细胞壁的合成。     

红豆草根瘤侵染细胞中液泡内含物的超微结构特征

用透射电镜研究了红豆草（Onobrychis viciifolia）根瘤侵染细胞中液泡内含物的超微结构特征。结果表明,早期发育侵染细胞的液泡中只含有少量的纤维状物质。随着细胞的发育,液泡不断变大,液泡中的纤维状物质和膜状物质越来越多。在中央液泡形成后,液泡中的纤维状物质逐渐减少,类细胞质、泡状和膜状物质明显增多,它们常由一层来自液泡膜的膜包围,其形状一般近似圆形或椭圆形。液泡内含物的大量出现可能与红豆草及其根瘤具有高度的抗旱件有关。     

The Bioadsorption of Cadmium and Lead by Bacteria in Root Exudates Culture

Microorganisms are important for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals. In the present study, bacteria Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Flavobacterium sp. isolated from the Zhangshi Irrigation Area were applied to bioadsorbed Cd and Pb in liquid cultures with root exudates of sunflower as a sole carbon source. The experimental data demonstrated that these bacteria had a high potential of enrichment of Cd and Pb, and Bacillus sp. and Alcaligenes sp. had better ability to accumulate Cd or Pb than the others; the distinct bioadsorption of Cd and Pb by bacteria might depend on the physiology of bacteria, categories of heavy metals, and environmental factors (such as pH). In addition, root exudates of sunflower could not only support the growth of these bacteria, but also influence the toxicity and bioavailability of Cd and Pb. Our results indicated that amendment with bacteria isolated from heavy-metal-polluted soil and root exudates could be considered as a potential approach to enhance the phytoremediation of Cd- or Pb-contaminated soil.     

硫酸盐还原菌的分离纯化方法

硫酸盐还原菌在硫元素的地球生物循环及环境保护中都发挥着重要作用。介绍了硫酸盐还原菌的分离与纯化的方法,比较了厌氧袋、厌氧罐、厌氧工作站、厌氧管等方法的应用,以及在使用中需要注意的问题;同时介绍了分子生物学技术在硫酸盐还原菌分离纯化方面的应用,旨在为硫酸盐还原菌的分离纯化提供一定的参考依据。     

水葫芦根部分泌物对若干细菌作用的研究

生态系统中各种生物种群之间的关系是错综复杂的,而物种之间的关系又直接或间接地影响着生态系统的功能。水葫芦对藻类的克制效应,以及城市富营养化水域的生物治理     

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells

Anaerobic bacteria far outnumber aerobes in many human niches such as the gut, mouth, and vagina. Furthermore, anaerobic infections are common and frequently of indigenous origin. The ability of some anaerobic pathogens to invade human cells gives them adaptive measures to escape innate immunity as well as to modulate host cell behavior. However, ensuring that the anaerobic bacteria are live during experimental investigation of the events may pose challenges. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobe, is capable of invading a variety of eukaryotic non-phagocytic cells. This article outlines how to successfully culture and assess the ability of P. gingivalis to invade human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Two protocols were developed: one to measure bacteria that can successfully invade and survive within the host, and the other to visualize bacteria interacting with host cells. These techniques necessitate the use of an anaerobic chamber to supply P. gingivalis with an anaerobic environment for optimal growth.The first protocol is based on the antibiotic protection assay, which is largely used to study the invasion of host cells by bacteria. However, the antibiotic protection assay is limited; only intracellular bacteria that are culturable following antibiotic treatment and host cell lysis are measured. To assess all bacteria interacting with host cells, both live and dead, we developed a protocol that uses fluorescent microscopy to examine host-pathogen interaction. Bacteria are fluorescently labeled with 2'',7''-Bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester (BCECF-AM) and used to infect eukaryotic cells under anaerobic conditions. Following fixing with paraformaldehyde and permeabilization with 0.2% Triton X-100, host cells are labeled with TRITC phalloidin and DAPI to label the cell cytoskeleton and nucleus, respectively. Multiple images taken at different focal points (Z-stack) are obtained for temporal-spatial visualization of bacteria. Methods used in this study can be applied to any cultivable anaerobe and any eukaryotic cell type.     

厌氧菌预还原琼脂平板培养方法

为简化厌氧菌分离培养方法,使其在普通实验条件下于固体培养基上形成单菌落,本研究增加庖肉培养基无氧溶液体积,用作无氧倍比稀释液,在琼脂柱下进行倍比稀释,将皿盖带有胶塞孔的厌氧琼脂平板进行预还原,注射接种倍比稀释菌液,通过厌氧指示剂监测无氧效果,初步试用于肠道厌氧菌分离培养。结果显示,该方法整个操作过程厌氧效果良好,无需专门厌氧设备即可以分离纯化培养肠道乳酸杆菌,甚至无芽胞专性厌氧菌,如双歧杆菌和韦荣球菌。