热习服对大鼠肾脏促红细胞生成素的影响

目的:探讨热习服对大鼠肾脏促红细胞生成素的影响.方法:雄性SD大鼠21只,按体重配对随机分为对照组、单次高温暴露组(高温组)和热习服组,每组7只,各组在各自的实验条件下进行10天,对照组大鼠第11天留取肾脏组织标本;高温组和热习服组第11天进行相同条件的标准热负荷实验后留取肾脏组织标本.采用用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)定量测定肾脏组织中促红细胞生成素(Epo)含量,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)方法检测肾脏促红细胞生成素mRNA的表达,Western blot技术检测肾脏组织中促红细胞生成素蛋白表达水平的变化.结果:高温组与热习服大鼠肾脏促红细胞生成素水平明显高于对照大鼠(p＜0.05).热习服与高温组大鼠肾脏促红细胞生成素水平无明显差别.经RT-PCR检测,与对照组相比,高温组肾组织Epo mRNA表达显著增强(P＜0.05),而热习服组较高温组明显降低(P＜0.05),但仍然明显高于对照组的水平.Western blot实验中对照大鼠、高温组与热习服大鼠肾脏组织均有明显的Epo蛋白表达.与对照组相比,高温组Epo表达显著增强(P＜0.01),而热习服组较高温组明显降低(P＜0.05),但高于对照组的水平.结论:热习服后大鼠肾脏组织中促红细胞生成素含量明显升高,大鼠肾脏组织中促红细胞生成素mRNA与蛋白的表达均明显增强.提示热习服能显著提高肾脏Epo的表达水平,热习服后红细胞代谢变化可能与Epo水平提高有关.     

Heat Shock Response and Organ Preservation: Models of Stress Conditioning

No Abstract Available     

Comparison of Barley Response to Short-Term Cold or Dehydration

Abscisic acid (ABA) content and relative water content (RWC) in second fully expanded leaves of cold hardened plants and in dehydrated leaves of freezing tolerant barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Lunet) were compared. ABA content and RWC in leaves did not change during the first day of cold hardening. On the contrary, dehydration of leaves led to a decrease of RWC and to an increase of ABA content.     

Heat Effects of Dehydration of Human Serum Albumin in Hydrophilic Organic Solvents

A thermochemical model for describing the transfer of water from the protein phase to the organic solvent liquid phase and for determining how the solvation ability of organic solvents affects this process was developed. Enthalpy changes on the interaction of dried and hydrated human serum albumin (HSA) with hydrophilic organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, ethanol, methanol and acetic acid) and water were measured by isothermal calorimetry at 25 °C. The initial hydration level of human serum albumin was varied in the entire water content range from 0–30 % [g water/g HSA]. The dependence of the interaction enthalpies on the initial water content is complex. The interaction enthalpies of the dried HSA with organic solvents are exothermic. At low water contents (less than 0.1 g/g), there is a sharp increase in the interaction enthalpy values. At the highest water contents (more than 0.2 g/g), the interaction enthalpies are endothermic for acetic acid and formamide and exothermic for DMSO, methanol, and ethanol. These thermochemical data were analyzed in conjunction with the results for the water adsorption in organic solvents to calculate the molar enthalpies of dehydration of HSA in organic liquids. It was found that the dehydration enthalpy changes may be endothermic or exothermic depending on the initial water content and the water solvation enthalpy value. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that: (i) only the solvation of water by hydrophilic organic solvent determines the changes in the dehydration enthalpy values, and (ii) the data for the enthalpies of solvation of water by the solvent at infinite dilution reflect this effect.     

Response of Chinese Wampee Axes and Maize Embryos to Dehydration at Different Rates

Survival of wampee (Clausena lansium Sksels) axes and maize (Zea mays L.) embryos decreased with rapid and slow dehydration. Damage of wampee axes by rapid dehydration was much less than by slow dehydration, and that was contrary to maize embryos. The malondialdehyde contents of wampee axes and maize embryos rapidly increased with dehydration, those of wampee axes were lower during rapid dehydration than during slow dehydration, and those of maize embryos were higher during rapid dehydration than during slow dehydration. Activities of superoxide dismutsse (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) of wampee axes markedly increased during the sady phase of dehydration, and then rapidly decreased, and those of rapidly dehydrated axes were higher than those of slow dehydrated axes when they were dehydrated to low water contents. Activities of SOD and APX of maize embryos notable decreased with dehydration. There were higher SOD activities and lower APX activities of slowly dehydrated maize embryos compared with rapidly dehydrated maize embryos. CAT activities of maize embryos markedly increased during the eady phase of dehydration, and then decreased, and those of slowly dehydrated embryos were higher than those of rapidly dehydrated embryos during the late phase of dehydration.     

Response of Chinese Wampee Axes and Maize Embryos to Dehydration at Different Rates

Survival of wampee （Clausena lansium Skeels） axes and maize （Zea mays L.） embryos decreased with rapid and slow dehydration. Damage of wampee axes by rapid dehydration was much less than by slow dehydration, and that was contrary to maize embryos. The malondialdehyde contents of wampee axes and maize embryos rapidly increased with dehydration, those of wampee axes were lower during rapid dehydration than during slow dehydration, and those of maize embryos were higher during rapid dehydration than during slow dehydration. Activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and catalase （CAT） of wampee axes markedly increased during the early phase of dehydration, and then rapidly decreased, and those of rapidly dehydrated axes were higher than those of slow dehydrated axes when they were dehydrated to low water contents. Activities of SOD and APX of maize embryos notable decreased with dehydration. There were higher SOD activities and lower APX activities of slowly dehydrated maize embryos compared with rapidly dehydrated maize embryos. CAT activities of maize embryos markedly increased during the early phase of dehydration, and then decreased, and those of slowly dehydrated embryos were higher than those of rapidly dehydrated embryos during the late phase of dehydration.     

Response of the Mimeae to some Physical and Chemical Agents

Isolates of Mima polymorpha and Herellea vaginicola obtained from retail food products were investigated for their ability to hydrolyze proteins, starch, and lipids as well as for their ability to initiate growth under varying conditions of pH, sodium chloride concentration, and temperature. None of the isolates hydrolyzed starch and a few hydrolyzed proteins, whereas most were actively lipolytic. Members of each genus grew over the range 6 to 42 C; in general, H. vaginicola was more tolerant to high concentrations of sodium chloride and to acid conditions than was M. polymorpha.     

Effects of Fixation and Dehydration Procedures on Marine Nematodes

Different combinations of fixation and dehydration procedures for the preparation of permanent mounts of marine nematodes of the subfamily Oncholaiminae were tested and compared. Qualitatively, the best specimens resulted from Seinhorst''s killing method and fixation in FAA; the dehydration procedure was of less significance. Quantitatively, no significant modification of measurements resulted from any of the methods used. Sources of error in measurements are discussed.     

Response of Higher Plants to Heat Shock

When sorghum seedlings were rapidly shifted from the cultural temperature of 30℃ to 40℃ and 45℃, a set of abnormal proteins, generally referred to as heat shock proteins were induced. They are a group of high molecular weight proteins (about 66–117 kD), a few intermediate molecular weight proteins (33–66kD) and a low molecular weight protein of 18 kD. At the same time, the synthesis of normal proteins was relatively depressed. The res ponse of the shoot tissues of sorghum seedings to heat shock is similar to that of the root tissues, but there are some differences in more detail between the two tissues. The synthesis of heat shock proteins in sorghum seedlings was rapid. After one-hour exposure at 45℃ their synthesis in the roots was detectable. Maximum induction took place in the second hour of exposure, thereafter their synthesis began to decline markedly. Finally, there appear to be some proteins whose synthesis was not supressed during heat shock, It is not yet known why the synthesis of these proteins is so stable.