肺癌相关肿瘤抗原基因的分离及鉴定

通过分离肺癌肿瘤抗原 ,为肺癌早期诊断提供血清学标志物 ,并为研制肺癌疫苗提供候选抗原 ,成功构建了库容为 0 .8× 10 6个重组子的肺癌原发病灶组织的cDNA表达文库。采用SEREX技术对该cDNA表达文库进行筛选 ,获得了 33个阳性克隆 ,包括黑色素瘤抗原基因 (MAGE)、白斑相关蛋白基因、纤连蛋白基因、钠钾ATP酶基因等已知基因或EST ,另外有 18个基因或EST在GenBank数据库中没有同源性 ,可能是新的基因或EST。选取其中 3个克隆进行肺癌患者及正常人群血清的检测 ,结果显示肺癌患者的阳性率明显高于正常人群     

人自身抗原SmB'的基因克隆和原核表达

目的:为建立新的自身抗体检测方法,自行克隆、表达和鉴定人自身抗原SmB'。方法:应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,从白血病淋巴细胞HL-60细胞株中克隆人自身抗原SmB'全长基因;将PCR产物直接进行TA克隆、鉴定及测序,再定向克隆至pGEX-5T载体中,转入大肠杆菌BL-21;阳性克隆经鉴定后在IPTG诱导下表达,产物行SDS-PAGE和Western印迹。结果:PCR产物长约700bp,与预期的657bp接近,测序结果与GenBank核酸数据库报道完全一致。pGEX-5T-SmB'重组阳性克隆酶切鉴定正确,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹结果显示融合蛋白相对分子质量为51000,具有天然人自身抗原SmB'的免疫原性。结论:克隆表达了人自身抗原SmB',为建立相应的自身抗体检测方法奠定了基础。     

人胃癌组织cDNA文库的建立

本文直接从一例人低分化胃腺癌组织中提取RNA和分离poly(A)~+RNA,进而合成双链cDNA。再以λgt10作为克隆载体和大肠杆菌C600hfl作为受体菌,构建了人胃癌cDNA文库。该文库中含有1.10×10~5重组子,重组率约为68.8％,克隆效率为2.21×10~6克隆/μgcDNA。     

胃癌相关cDNA片段的快速克隆和表达分析

利用差异显示PCR技术获得的一条在胃癌和正常组织有差异表达的表达序列标签(EST)-W123(GenBank登录号为AF150631),通过与GenBank的dbest库进行电子杂交,选取了与其同源度高的若干EST,在它们共有的保守序列设计了用于扩增的寡聚核苷酸引物,利用cDNA末端快速扩增PCR（RACE）技术得到了7条带有polyA尾的3′EST,进行序列分析后,发现它们均是代表新基因或不同剪接体的EST,且具有共同的保守序列,已登录GenBank.采用RNA印迹对目的序列进行初步鉴定,并进行了这些基因的组织分布分析.RACE技术和生物信息学相结合,具有快速、高效的特点,有助于疾病相关基因的克隆.     

人IL-16C端cDNA的克隆表达及初步鉴定

人 Ｉ Ｌ １６ 是近年报道的一个新的细胞因子,其 Ｃ 端 １３０ 个氨基酸的分泌型 Ｉ Ｌ １６ 广泛地参与了体内的免疫调节及炎症反应,并具有抑制 Ｈ Ｉ Ｖ 复制等多种功能．经从 Ｃｏｎ Ａ 刺激的人外周血单核细胞中分离总 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ,采用 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ、分子克隆及序列测定的方法获得了 Ｉ Ｌ １６ Ｃ 端 １３０ 个氨基酸编码区的 ｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ,并在生物 素化融合蛋白表达系统中表达和纯化了该蛋白．结果表明：所得到的中国人 Ｉ Ｌ １６ Ｃ端的编码序列与国外报道的序列完全一致;已获得的 ３３ ｋ Ｄ 融合蛋白易于纯化,这一工作为进一步研究 Ｉ Ｌ １６ 的功能奠定了基础 ．     

Sequences and transcriptional analysis of Coffea arabica var. Caturra and Coffea liberica plant responses to coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) attack

The coffee berry borer (CBB) is the most prevalent pest of coffee plantations. Within the Coffea genus, C. arabica is susceptible to CBB and C. liberica shows a lower susceptibility. Two EST libraries were constructed from the total RNA of C. arabica and C. liberica fruits artificially infested with CBBs for 24 h. Using 6000 clones sequenced per library, a unigene database was generated, obtaining 3634 singletons and 1454 contigs. For each contig, the proportion of sequences present in both species was determined and a differential gene expression between the species was detected. C. arabica displayed a higher relative expression of proteins involved in general stress responses, whereas C. liberica showed the induction of a higher number of insect defense proteins. In order to validate the results, quantifications through real-time PCR were done. A hevein-like protein, an isoprene synthase, a salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase and a patatin-like protein gene were highly upregulated in C. liberica at 24 and/or 48 h after insect infestation compared to C. arabica. The identification of metabolic pathways induced by this pest insect provides tools to take advantage of the genetic resources available for the control of CBB.     

Hypoxia Integration in the Serological Proteome Analysis Unmasks Tumor Antigens and Fosters the Identification of Anti-Phospho-eEF2 Antibodies as Potential Cancer Biomarkers

The expression by tumor cells of proteins with aberrant structure, expression or distribution accounts for the development of a humoral immune response. Autoantibodies (aAb) directed against tumor-associated antigens (TAA) may thus be particularly relevant for early detection of cancer. Serological proteome analysis (SERPA) aims to identify such circulating aAb through the immunoblotting of 2D-separated tumor cell proteins with cancer patient serum and the consecutive MS identification of proteins in reactive spots. This method has the advantage to use post-translationally modified proteins as a source of potential TAA. Here, we applied this strategy by using colorectal tumor cells pre-exposed to hypoxia in order to promote the expression of a pattern of TAA more likely to represent in vivo conditions. We used two human HCT116 and HT29 colorectal cancer cell lines exposed for 48 hours to 1% O₂. Spots positive after immunoblotting of 2D-separated lysates of hypoxic cells with the sera of tumor-bearing mice, were collected and analysed by MS for protein identification. Among the hypoxia-specific immunogenic proteins, we identified a phosphorylated form of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (phospho-Thr56 eEF2). We confirmed the increased phosphorylation of this protein in hypoxic colorectal tumor cells as well as in mouse tumors. Using a specific immunoassay, we could detect the presence of corresponding anti-phospho-Thr56 eEF2 aAb in the serum of tumor-bearing mice (vs healthy mice). We further documented that the detection of these aAb preceded the detection of a palpable tumor mass in mice and validated the presence of anti-phospho-Thr56 eEF2 aAb in the serum of patients with adenomatous polyps and colorectal carcinoma. In conclusion, this study validates a phosphorylated form of eEF2 as a new TAA and more generally, provides evidence that integrating hypoxia upstream of SERPA offers a more relevant repertoire of TAA able to unmask the presence of circulating aAb.     

Integration of IgA and IgG Autoantigens Improves Performance of Biomarker Panels for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

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Highlights

• •HuProt array-based identification of autoantigens in serum of early lung cancer.
• •Independent validation of early lung cancer biomarker candidates with ELISA.
• •Bioinformatics-aided identification of a biomarker panel.
• •Independent verification of the panel with ELISA and immunohistochemistry.

     

抑制Hedgehog信号通路改变结肠癌细胞基因表达谱

Hedgehog（Hh）信号通路在机体发育和肿瘤发生中发挥着重要作用。在该研究中,Western blot检测三株结肠癌细胞Hedgehog信号通路组分的表达,结果表明三株结肠癌细胞中HT-29细胞Hedgehog信号通路组分较完整。采用MTT和BrdU法检测Hedgehog信号通路膜受体Smo特异性抑制剂环杷明和末端转录因子Gli1/2的特异性抑制剂GANT61对HT-29细胞的影响,提示这两种抑制剂均显著抑制HT-29细胞生存率和细胞增殖率,且GANT61比环杷明更敏感。表达谱芯片检测阻断Hedgehog信号通路后HT-29细胞基因谱的变化,结合生物信息学分析,揭示HT-29细胞经环杷明和GANT61处理后基因表达呈现抑制特征,其差异基因表达主要以下调为主,其中环杷明主要影响细胞内源刺激等,而GANT61主要影响代谢和类固醇合成,并与MAPK信号通路有关联,两者均能影响细胞免疫及凋亡相关通路。这些结果提示,Hh信号通路有可能作为结肠癌的治疗靶点。     

The Natural Antibody Repertoire of Sharks and Humans Recognizes the Potential Universe of Antigens

In ancestral sharks, a rapid emergence in the evolution of the immune system occurred, giving jawed-vertebrates the necessary components for the combinatorial immune response (CIR). To compare the natural antibody (NAb) repertoires of the most divergent vertebrates with the capacity to produce antibodies, we isolated NAbs to the same set of antigens by affinity chromatography from two species of Carcharhine sharks and from human polyclonal IgG and IgM antibody preparations. The activities of the affinity-purified anti-T-cell receptor (anti-TCR) NAbs were compared with those of monoclonal anti-TCR NAbs that were generated from a systemic lupus erythematosus patient. We report that sharks and humans, representing the evolutionary extremes of vertebrate species sharing the CIR, have NAbs to human TCRs, Igs, the human senescent cell antigen, and to numerous retroviral antigens, indicating that essential features of the combinatorial repertoire and the capacity to recognize the potential universe of antigens is shared among all jawed-vertebrates.     

人VHL基因真核表达载体的构建及其对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制

目的:构建人抑癌基因VHL的真核表达载体,并验证其对肿瘤细胞生长的影响。方法:采用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增人VHL基因,将其克隆到p XJ-40-myc载体中,酶切和测序验证后转染人胚肾293T细胞,通过蛋白免疫印迹鉴定其表达;转染人乳腺癌ZR75-1细胞和肝癌Hep G2细胞,通过CCK8法测定细胞生长曲线。结果:从人乳腺文库中扩增得到约650 bp的DNA片段,并克隆至p XJ-40-myc载体上,且测序与目的序列完全一致;转染人胚肾293T细胞后,蛋白免疫印迹检测到相对分子质量为26×103的目的基因表达产物;细胞生长曲线显示,转染myc-VHL的乳腺癌、肝癌细胞较空载体细胞生长慢。结论:构建了myc-VHL真核表达载体,myc-VHL抑制癌细胞生长,为进一步研究VHL在肿瘤发生发展中的功能奠定了基础。     

A method for the preparation of normalized cDNA libraries enriched with full-length sequences

We developed a new method for the preparation of normalized cDNA libraries enriched with full-length sequences. It is based on the properties of the recently characterized duplex-specific nuclease from the hepatopancreas of the Kamchatka crab. The duplex-specific nuclease is thermostable, effectively cleaves double-stranded DNA, and is inactive toward single-stranded DNA (Shagin et al., Genome Res., 2002, vol. 12, pp. 1935–1942). Our method enables the normalization of cDNA samples enriched with full-length sequences without use of laborious and ineffective stages of physical separation. The efficiency of the method was demonstrated in model experiments using cDNA samples from several human tissues.__________Translated from Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2005, pp. 186–194.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Zhulidov, Bogdanova, Shcheglov, Shagina, Wagner, Khazpekov, Kozhemyako, Lukyanov, Shagin.     

Effects of Luteolin on Human Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Array: Inferring Novel Genes

Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) is often used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cancer; however, the downstream regulatory genes and signaling pathways mediating its effects on breast cancer remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effects of luteolin, the main biologically active compound of T. officinale, on gene expression profiles in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The results revealed that luteolin effectively inhibited the proliferation and motility of the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The mRNA expression profiles were determined using gene expression array analysis and analyzed using a bioinformatics approach. A total of 41 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the luteolin-treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. A Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the DEGs, including AP2B1, APP, GPNMB and DLST, mainly functioned as oncogenes. The human protein atlas database also found that AP2B1, APP, GPNMB and DLST were highly expressed in breast cancer and that AP2B1 (cut-off value, 75%) was significantly associated with survival rate (p = 0.044). In addition, a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were involved in T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection and differentiation. On the whole, the findings of the present study provide a scientific basis that may be used to evaluate the potential benefits of luteolin in human breast cancer. Further studies are required, however, to fully elucidate the role of the related molecular pathways.     

人Leptin基因的cDNA的克隆和表达

克隆人Leptin基因的cDNA并获取表达的Leptin蛋白,为进一步研究新的Leptin相关蛋白打下基础。以人基因组DNA为模板,用引物悬挂延伸PCR法,克隆与6个组氨酸（6×His）密码子相连的人Leptin基因的cDNA,并将其克隆到体外表达载体pIVEX23MCS上,通过体外快速翻译系统(Roche公司的RTS500环状模板试剂盒和RTS500 ProteoMaster仪器)在体外表达了带有6×His的Leptin融合蛋白。经SDSPAGE及Western blot方法鉴定,融合蛋白大小正确,有172个氨基酸,分子量为1946kD,具有特异的抗原性,且主要以可溶形式存在于反应液上清中。     

Analysis of the Soluble and Membrane-bound Immobilization Antigens of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

ABSTRACT. The immobilization antigens (i-antigens) are a class of highly abundant surface membrane proteins found on a number of holotrich ciliates. In Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (an obligate parasite of fish) these antigens appear to be targets of the host immune response. While the i-antigens of Ichthyophthirius are predominantly membrane-associated proteins, we now find that they are released into the water surrounding the parasite in a highly enriched form. The membrane-associated and water soluble proteins appear indistinguishable by antigenic means, as well as by several biochemical criteria including peptide mapping, mobility in reducing and non-reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gels, and relative glycosylation. Antibodies raised against the membrane-associated antigens react with the water soluble proteins on Western blots. Not surprisingly, immunocytochemical localization studies show binding of these antibodies to surface membranes of the cell. In addition, however, antibody binding is also detectible on the membranes of a secretory organelle (that is, mucocysts) present in the cortical cytoplasm. The significance of these findings with regard to the potential role of the i-antigens in infection and immunity is discussed.     

人胚鼻咽组织基因表达谱

以水囊引产５、６、７、８个月人胚胎鼻咽组织总ＲＮＡ逆转录标记ｃＤＮＡ探针,与代表５８８个基因的Ａｔｌａｓ＾ＴＭｃＤＮＡ阵列进行杂交,观察了这些基因在不同发育时期内的表达差异。结果发现与细胞分裂增殖及细胞生长相关的基因明显高表达,不同胎龄存在多个表达水平不同的基因及同一基因在不同时期表达水平也不一样,如早期生长反应蛋白１（ｅａｒｌｙ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ１）基因ＥＧＲＰ１在     

高表达精脒/精胺N1-乙酞基转移酶对人肺癌A549细胞株生长的影响

旨在研究人精脒/精胺N1-乙酰基转移酶(spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase,SSAT)高表达对人肺癌A549细胞生长的影响。以pCR2.1-SSAT质粒为模板,PCR法扩增人SSAT基因并克隆至pcDNA3.1表达载体。重组质粒转染A549细胞后,RT-PCR法和Western blotting法筛选SSAT高表达的细胞株。MTT法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。成功构建pcDNA3.1-SSAT重组质粒,用该质粒转染A549细胞后,筛选获得稳定高表达SSAT的细胞株。SSAT高表达导致细胞生长抑制,S期细胞减少和自发性凋亡细胞增多。结果显示,稳定高表达SSAT可在A549肺癌细胞中部分模拟多胺类似物类抗癌药物的药理活性,导致瘤细胞生长抑制和细胞凋亡。     

颊粘膜癌与舌癌差异基因表达的对比分析

目的:研究颊粘膜癌(Buccal Mucosa Cancer,BMC)与舌癌(Tongue Cancer,TC)的基因差异表达,探讨BMC与TC发生发展的基因学基础。方法:应用cDNA芯片技术对5例BMC和5例TC组织mRNA检测,通过芯片杂交、生物信息学处理,找出两者间差异表达基因。结果:BioStarH-40芯片发现差异表达基因503条,差异表达基因占12.9%,其中表达增强274条(显著增强69条),表达降低229条(显著降低54条)。结论:MBC与TC基因表达比较,差异有统计学意义,这些差异可能在两类肿瘤不同的生物学行为中起重要作用。     

Trichloroethylene and Human Cancer

Evidence to suggest that trichloroethylene may be a human carcinogen comes mainly from two small epidemiological studies with supporting evidence from human toxicity and genotoxicity studies and from rodent cancer bioassays. Careful analysis of these data reveal marked inconsistencies between the data, differences in the conclusions drawn by various authorities reviewing the same data and, for certain key human studies, a complete absence of exposure data. Much of the rodent cancer data may be dismissed as not indicative of a human hazard because the tumors result from either peroxisome proliferation, or as a consequence of exceptionally high metabolic rates that are found uniquely in mouse tissues, or because the tumors only occur in the presence of overt toxicity. A common mechanism invoked to account for the development of renal tumors in both rats and humans is unproven, there is contrary evidence to suggest that this mechanism does not result in renal cancer, and alternative mechanisms have been proposed. Overall, the uncertainty and lack of consistency throughout the trichloroethylene studies, whether they are in humans, in animals, or in tests in vitro, lead to the conclusion that it would be wholly inappropriate to classify trichloroethylene as a human carcinogen.