三维彩色血管能量成像对判断甲状腺结节性病变良恶性的意义

目的：探讨三维彩色血管能量成像(3D—CPA)对判断甲状腺结节性病变良恶性方面有无意义。方法：对83例甲状腺结节性病变术前进行3D—CPA检查,据结节区血流分布不同,分为3级：Ⅰ级结节周边、内部无或少许血流信号;Ⅱ级结节周边可见较丰富的血流信号,内部无或少许血流信号;Ⅲ级结节周边、内部可见丰富血流。结果：甲状腺腺瘤肿块血供分属Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级,结节性甲状腺肿血供以Ⅰ级为主,甲状腺癌血供以Ⅲ级为主。结论：3D—CPA能反映甲状腺结节性病变的血流分布状况,且其分布特征对判断甲状腺癌有一定的指导价值。     

55例桥本甲状腺炎合并结节的超声声像图及误诊分析

目的:对桥本甲状腺炎(HT)合并结节样病变的超声诊断以及误诊情况进行分析.方法:选取本院在2011年6月～2012年6月收治的55例桥本甲状腺炎合并单发和多发结节患者作为研究对象,全部患者均经过手术及病理学证实,对全部结节样病变的超声影像图进行分析,并对该病的诊断率提高的方式进行讨论.结果:在全部患者中,单个结节24例,合并乳头状癌为7例,合并滤泡性腺瘤为3例;多个结节为31例,合并乳头状癌为5例,合并滤泡性腺瘤为3例,合并结甲11例.其中,35例与病理相符,诊断准确率63.6％,误诊20例,有18例误诊为结节性甲状腺肿,2例为甲状腺癌,误诊率为36.4％.单纯性桥本甲状腺炎结节与甲状腺癌结节,在结节的形态、边界、内部伴有钙化的形态上以及血流信号的分布上有显著差异.结论:全面检查血清学的甲状腺抗体,并关注结节之外的腺体回声以及腺体供血的状况;应该高度注意结节是否出现形态不规则、伴有钙化灶以及边界模糊的特征,提示恶变的可能,给临床医生以最有价值的提示,全面提高超声的正确诊断率.     

桥本甲状腺炎合并良恶性病变超声图像对比分析

目的 探讨超声在桥本甲状腺炎合并良恶性病变诊断中的价值.方法 本组病例:桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺癌82例,合并良性病变87例,结合病理结果和术前超声检查,总结其声图像特点进行对比分析.结果 桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺良恶性病变时,在超声图像上有其明显的特征表现,二者差异有统计学意义,桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺癌有如下特点:结节多呈低回声,边缘不规整,无明显包膜;多伴有砂砾样钙化;有的局部腺体回声明显减低,伴有弥漫性的砂砾样钙化,血流显示多为结节内的条状血流.良性病变结节多轮廓清晰,结节内回声高低不等,少有砂砾样钙化,结节周边多可见血流显示.结论 对桥本状腺炎合并其他病变时,超声检查应注意腺体回声情况及腺体内病变的回声情况进行全面分析和判断;对于结节形态不规则、边界不清晰、伴有钙化灶、衰减应注意有恶性病变变的可能.     

超声影像在原发性甲状腺鳞状细胞癌中的临床诊断价值

目的:探讨超声影像在原发性甲状腺鳞状细胞癌(PSCCT)中的临床诊断价值。方法:收集住院经组织病理学确诊的PSCCT患者6例,回顾性分析其临床一般资料及超声影像学资料。结果:6例PSCCT患者年龄(49-77)岁,平均年龄64岁,临床上均表现为甲状腺肿大,4例伴呼吸困难,3例伴吞咽困难,3例伴声音嘶哑。6例患者均死亡,术后生存4-13个月,平均术后生存期8.5个月。超声影像学特点:16例PSCCT病灶大小较大(最大直径3.0-5.1 cm),结节为形态不规则,且边界不清晰的实性混合性回声肿块,内部可见片状极低回声区。2例患者的肿块内部存在少许微量钙化,另外4例则无明显钙化表现;2结节突破甲状腺被膜3例,且与甲状腺周围组织分界不清晰;34例结节内部血流信号表现为少量,呈点线状分布,2例结节内部血流信号表现为中量;45例肿块可测得高阻力频谱(RI0.72-0.88);5 3例患者伴有颈部异常淋巴结。结论:PSCCT具有一定超声影像特点,与临床表现相结合有助于该病的鉴别诊断。     

128层螺旋CT对甲状腺结节的诊断价值

目的:探讨128层螺旋CT对甲状腺结节的诊断价值,提高诊断水平.方法:收集48例经手术病理证实为甲状腺结节(结节性甲状腺肿24例,甲状腺腺瘤11例,甲状腺癌13例)患者的CT及临床资料,重点分析平扫及增强后病灶CT值、密度、包膜完整性、钙化有无及钙化形态,然后将有统计学意义的数值进行判别分析.结果:甲状腺结节的平扫、动静脉期CT值对良恶性鉴别无统计学意义(P＞0.05),结节的轮廓、钙化、边缘强化,以及结节体积、密度、增大淋巴结和周围间隙改变等差异有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:掌握各种甲状腺结节性病变的CT特点对甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断具有一定的价值.     

甲状腺结节良恶性的彩色多普勒超声特征及其诊断价值分析

目的:研究甲状腺结节良恶性的彩色多普勒超声特征及其诊断价值。方法:选取从2016年3月~2019年2月于我院接受手术治疗的甲状腺疾病患者300例作为研究对象,均予以彩超检查,比较甲状腺良恶性结节的超声特征(主要包括直径、钙化情况、边界、回声、血流状况)。以病理活检结果为金标准,分析彩超诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的敏感性、特异性以及准确度。对比甲状腺良恶性结节的血流分型情况以及各项血流动力学参数。结果:恶性结节超声特征直径≥2 cm、有钙化、边界模糊、无回声/低回声、血流丰富人数占比均高于良性结节(均P<0.05)。以手术病理组织活检结果作为金标准,彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺结节的敏感性、特异性以及准确度分别为97.73%、86.11%、96.33%。甲状腺良性结节血流分型为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型人数占比高于恶性结节,而Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型人数占比低于恶性结节(均P<0.05)。甲状腺良性结节的收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)均低于恶性结节,而舒张末期血流速度(EDV)高于恶性结节(均P<0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别价值较高,且具有较高的敏感性、特异性以及准确度,可为甲状腺良恶性结节的早期诊断、临床治疗提供重要的参考依据。     

超微血管成像技术在乳腺良恶性病变中的鉴别诊断及乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效评估中的价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨超微血管成像技术（SMI）在乳腺良恶性病变中的鉴别诊断价值以及在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的疗效评估价值。方法：回顾性分析2014年2月至2019年10月于长沙市第三医院行SMI检查的109例乳腺结节患者的临床资料,根据病理结果将其分为良性组和恶性组,比较两组患者SMI微血管形态分型分布差异,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析SMI鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的价值。乳腺癌患者经序贯新辅助化疗后再次接受SMI检查,比较新辅助化疗前后、不同疗效乳腺癌患者SMI血流分级差异。结果：良性组微血管形态分型以无血管型,线型,树枝型为主（97.83%）,恶性组以残根型,蟹足型为主（80.99%）,两组微血管形态分型分布差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。以病理检查结果为金标准,SMI鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.890,灵敏度为80.99%,特异度为97.83%,准确率为85.63%。68例乳腺癌患者完成新辅助化疗,新辅助化疗有效[完全缓解（CR）+部分缓解（PD）] 47例,无效[稳定（SD）+进展（PD）]21例。化疗前SMI血流分级以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级为主（80.88%）,化疗后以0、Ⅰ级为主（69.12%）,有效组SMI血流分级以0、Ⅰ级为主（87.23%）,无效组SMI血流分级以Ⅰ、Ⅱ级为主（85.71%）,化疗前后、不同疗效组SMI血流分级差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：SMI能有效检出乳腺结节病灶内微小血管形态和血流改变,对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断及新辅助化疗的疗效评估均有一定临床应用价值。     

术前血清促甲状腺激素水平与甲状腺结节相关性的研究

目的：探讨术前血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平与甲状腺结节良恶性的关系。方法：回顾性分析了1499例甲状腺结节手术切除患者术前血清TSH、甲状腺B超,手术记录、术后病理诊断报告。根据术后病理报告判定甲状腺结节良恶性,分析术前血清TSH水平在甲状腺良恶性结节中的不同分布。结果：分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者术前血清TSH水平明显高于甲状腺良性结节组（2．179±2．017vsl．259±0．884μIU／mL）,P〈0．001;在DTC患者中,有淋巴结转移较无淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期以及肿瘤直径≥1cm较〈1cm的患者术前血清TSH明显升高（均P〈0．001）。结论：术前血清TSH水平是预测甲状腺结节良恶性的重要指标。     

甲状腺癌组织MVD和β-连环素蛋白表达及其相关性研究

目的:探讨微血管密度(MVD)和β-catenin蛋白表达在甲状腺癌预后判断中的意义.方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测90例甲状腺癌及10例正常甲状腺组织中β-catenin蛋白表达,以CD105标记测定MVD.结果:①MVD值在甲状腺髓样癌、乳头状癌、未分化癌、滤泡癌中依次增高(P＜0.05);伴发转移及高临床分期(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)甲状腺癌组织中MVD明显高于无转移及低临床分期(Ⅰ、Ⅱ期)组(P＜0.05).②未分化癌及髓样癌中β-catenin异常表达率显著高于其在乳头状癌及滤泡癌中的表达(P＜0.05),β-catenin异常表达率在淋巴结有无转移间以及病理分期Ⅰ-Ⅱ、Ⅲ-Ⅳ之间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③β-catenin异常表达与甲状腺癌MVD值呈显著正相关(r=0.384,P＜0.05).结论:MVD是影响甲状腺癌预后的因素之一,β-catenin可能在甲状腺癌组织微血管形成中发挥作用.     

高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结性质的鉴别价值

目的:研究高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺癌腋窝良性淋巴结与腋窝转移性淋巴结的鉴别价值。方法:选择2015年2月~2016年6月在我院进行诊治的乳腺癌患者150例,应用高频二维超声结合彩色多普勒血流显像技术,观察腋窝肿大淋巴结的声像图及血流情况。结果:经二维超声发现,乳腺癌腋窝良性淋巴结的皮质多向心增厚(68.93%)、长短径比L/S多2.0(70.58%)、多不融合(93.14%)、多无钙化斑(97.06%);腋窝转移性淋巴结的皮质多偏心增厚(68.48%)、长短径比L/S多2.0(69.57%)、多融合(68.48%)、多有钙化斑(77.17%);两者相比有明显差异(P0.05);经彩色多普勒血流显像技术发现,乳腺癌腋窝良性淋巴结的血流信号分布多呈门型(63.17%),血流丰富程度多为Ⅱ级(54.35%);腋窝转移性淋巴结的血流信号分布多呈周边型(68.93%),血流丰富程度多为Ⅲ级(72.83%);两者相比有明显差异(P0.05)。结论:乳腺癌腋窝良性淋巴结与腋窝转移性淋巴结在内部回声、形态、血流分布特点等方面有显著的差异,高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺癌腋窝良性淋巴结与腋窝转移性淋巴结具有较高的鉴别价值。     

Binding of isolated 3T3 surface membranes to growing 3T3 cells and their effect on cell growth

We have quantitated by autoradiography the binding of [¹²⁵I]labeled 3T3 plasma membrane fragments to 3T3 cells growing on the surface of plastic dishes; ie, the same conditions in which these membranes specifically arrest the growth of 3T3 cells early in the G₁ phase of the cell cycle. We have been able to demonstrate that binding of membranes to cells is coincidental with the expression of the growth inhibitory activity of protein(s) present in the membrane fragments. Treatments that reduce binding (heat denaturation of the membranes or culture in the presence of high scrum) also reduce growth inhibitory activity. [¹²⁵I]labeled membranes bound to cells are located primarily on the cell surface (as determined by electron microscope autoradiography) and are exchangeable with unlabeled membranes. We conclude that binding of membranes to cells is necessary but may not be sufficient for the expression of the growth inhibitory activity of these membranes. This approach provides information not only on the average level of binding of membranes to cells, but also provides a quantitative assessment of the variation of the level of membrane to cell binding between different cells in the population.     

Differential expression and accumulation of 14-3-3 paralogs in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and differentiated cells

The 14-3-3 protein family interacts with more than 2000 different proteins in mammals, as a result of its specific phospho-serine/phospho-threonine binding activity. Seven paralogs are strictly conserved in mammalian species. Here, we show that during adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, the level of each 14-3-3 protein paralog is regulated independently. For instance 14-3-3β, γ, and η protein levels are increased compared to untreated cells. In contrast, 14-3-3ε protein levels decreased after differentiation while others remained constant. In silico analysis of the promoter region of each gene showed differences that explain the results obtained at mRNA and protein levels.     

Lnc-RAP3对小鼠3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化的影响

长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)是一类长度大于200nt、没有长开放阅读框架但往往具有mRNA结构特征的RNA,可以在转录及转录后水平参与基因的表达调控。近年来,有研究证实lncRNA对脂肪生成具有重要作用。Lnc-RAP3位于小鼠(Mus musculus)17号染色体,其表达量在小鼠脂肪细胞分化前后呈现显著差异,但其具体的生物学功能尚不清楚。为探讨lnc-RAP3在小鼠3T3-L1前脂肪细胞成脂分化中的作用,本文首先构建了lnc-RAP3的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-RAP3,利用脂质体将pcDNA3.1-RAP3和人工合成的lnc-RAP3的siRNAs分别转染3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,并对转染后的细胞进行诱导分化,并通过油红O染色、qRT-PCR检测成脂分化相关基因表达等方法比较过表达和敲降lnc-RAP3对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞成脂分化的影响。结果显示,过表达lnc-RAP3后,细胞内脂滴聚集显著减少(P<0.05),在诱导分化第0 d、2 d和4 d时C/EBPα、Glut4、PPARγ、LPL和FAS的表达水平均呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)下降;敲降lnc-RAP3后,细胞内脂滴聚集显著增多(P<0.05),同时在诱导分化第0 d、2 d时PPARγ、LPL、C/EBPα、FAS和Glut4的表达水平呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)升高。本研究结果表明,lnc-RAP3可能通过影响成脂分化相关基因的表达来抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的成脂分化。     

EphA3基因稳定表达细胞模型的建立与分析

目的：建立稳定表达外源EphA3基因的小鼠成纤维细胞株模型,初步探讨EphA3基因表达对肿瘤发生、发展的影响。方法：通过脂质体介导的方法,将真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（-）/myc-his-EphA3转染NIH3T3细胞,用Western印迹确定外源EphA3基因表达;通过MTT实验、软琼脂集落形成实验,观察EphA3基因表达对NIH3T3细胞生物学特性的影响。结果：建立了稳定转染EphA3基因的NIH3T3细胞株;EphA3基因表达的小鼠成纤维NIH3T3细胞生长速度没有明显变化,但在软琼脂上锚着非依赖生长的能力加强。结论：建立了稳定表达外源EphA3基因的NIH3T3细胞株,EphA3基因稳定表达具有诱导正常NIH3T3细胞发生恶性转化的重要生物功能。     

Synthesis of 3-methyl-3-hydroxy-6-oxo-androstane derivatives

3alpha,17beta-Dihydroxy-3beta-methyl-5alpha-androstan-6-one (1) and 3beta,17beta-dihydroxy-3alpha-methyl-5alpha-androstan-6-one (13) were prepared by the reaction of methylmagnesium bromide with the 3-ketosteroids. Structures and configurations in position 3 were determined by NMR spectra. Substitution in the position 6 influences the ratio of the products.     

Thyroid hormone stimulates adipocyte differentiation of 3T3 cells

Triiodothyronine added at 0.1 nM to 3T3-F442A cells cultured in adipogenic medium having endogenous hormone concentrations similar to those of hypothyroid serum stimulated adipose conversion; activities of both lipogenic enzymes, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme, increased with hormone treatment. The number of adipocytes was also augmented by L-T3 addition but the number of fat cell clusters remained the same as compared to non-treated cultures, suggesting that thyroid hormone increased the number of adipocytes probably through stimulating selective multiplication of precursor adipose cells. Hormone addition to cells cultured with non-adipogenic medium did not promote conversion showing that L-T3 is not an adipogenic factor by itself. Triiodothyronine added at concentrations similar to those found in hyperthyroidism, from 10 nM up to 10 µM, also increased the proportion of adipocytes without changing the number of fat cell clusters, but they decreased the activity of both lipogenic enzymes and lipid accumulation in mature adipocytes. It can be concluded that during 3T3-F442A differentiation into adipocytes L-T3 increases the number of differentiated adipocytes and, at low concentrations, also enhances lipogenic enzyme activities, whereas at the hyperthyroid hormone levels these enzyme activities are significantly reduced, remaining at levels similar to those of cells cultured with hypothyroid medium. This cloned cell line seems to be a useful model to study thyroid hormone action at both molecular and cellular level.     

Induction of CYP3A and associated terfenadineN-dealkylation in rat hepatocytes cocultured with 3T3 cells

Long-term culture of hepatocytes has been challenged by the loss of differentiated functions. In particular, there is a rapid decline in cytochrome P450 (CYP). In this study, we cocultured rat hepatocytes with 3T3 fibroblasts for 10 days, and examined hepatocyte viability, morphology, and expression of CYP3A. Terfenadine was incubated with the cultures, and its biotransformation was quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. Terfenadine is metabolized by two major pathways:C-hydroxylation to an alcohol metabolite which is further oxidized to a carboxylic acid, andN-dealkylation to azacyclonol. In rat liver, only theN-dealkylation pathway appears to be mediated by CYP3A since anti-rat CYP3A antibody inhibited azacyclonol but not alcohol metabolite formation in incubations of terfenadine with liver microsomes. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were seeded on top of confluent 3T3 cells. Cultures were maintained in Williams' E medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and either 0.1 mol/L or 5 mol/L dexamethasone. In pure hepatocyte cultures, viability, as determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, decreased steadily to less than 30% of initial levels by day 10. In cocultures, LDH activity remained high and was 70% of initial levels on day 10. The half-life of terfenadine disappearance was optimally maintained in cocultures treated with 5 mol/L dexamethasone, and was associated with the increased formation of azacyclonol. On day 5, nearly 50% of added 5 mol/L terfenadine was converted to azacyclonol within 6 h, whereas the conversion was only 4% on day 1. Western and RNA-slot blot analyses confirmed that treatment with 5 mol/L dexamethasone induced CYP3A mRNA expression and CYP3A protein expression. This coculture system could offer a useful approach in the study of drugs and xenobiotics metabolized by CYP3A.Abbreviations BSA bovine serum albumin - CYP cytochrome P450 - DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide - LDH lactate dehydrogenase - PCN pregnenolone-16-carbonitrile - SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate - SSC saline sodium citrate     

The effect of solvent on preparation of CH3NH3PbI3 photodetectors via an antisolvent-free method

During the fabrication of lateral-structured photodetectors based on CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film, antisolvents represented by toluene are usually used to accelerate the crystallization of perovskite. Using antisolvent not only leads to the formation of shrinkage holes at the bottom of the perovskite layer, but the toxicity of antisolvents would also hinder the industrial preparation of perovskite devices. An antisolvent-free method is a possible solution to avoid these problems. Here, we report a lateral-structured photodetector based on an antisolvent-free method. The lateral photodetector exhibited a high responsivity of 1.75 A⋅W⁻¹ and specific detectivity (D*) of 3.54 × 10¹² Jones. In particular, the results indicated that the solvent had an influence on perovskite film morphology, crystallization, and device performance. The prepared CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film presented needle-like crystals and low performance with single precursor solvent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). In comparison, appropriate mixing of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) could improve the morphology, crystallization, and performance of the film. In addition, the solvent volume ratio of the precursor had a profound effect on the performance of the as-prepared photodetectors. At a DMSO:DMF volume ratio of 5:5, the as-prepared film had massive perovskite crystals and fewer defects, resulting in optimal device performance, which can be explained by Urbach energy.