共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
接种不同VA菌根真菌对红三叶草利用不同磷源的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
以红三叶草为材料,利用三室隔网培养方法,研究了施用不同磷源条件下,接种VA菌根真菌(Glomusmosseae和Glomusversiforme)对外加有机磷源及土壤有机磷的利用效率.植物生长10周后,测定植株干物重、含磷量、菌根侵染率及根系长度.结果表明接种菌根真菌能明显增加植株干物重和含磷量.接种条件下无机磷(KH2PO4)对植株生长的促进作用大于有机磷(Na-phytate)处理,接种Glomusversoiforme的作用明显大于接种Glomusmosseae.接种Glomusmosseae,植株对磷酸二氢钾中磷的吸收量明显大于植酸钠,而接种Glomusversiforme时则植株对植酸钠的磷吸收量明显高于磷酸二氢钾.上述结果说明接种两菌种对不同磷源的作用不同,接种Glomusmosseae可提高磷酸二氢钾中磷的利用率,接种Glomusversiforme则可提高对植酸钠的磷利用率. 相似文献
2.
AM 真菌影响三叶草根系抗氧化酶活性的系统效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对三叶草接种AM 真菌根内球囊霉, 用盆栽试验和分根试验测定根系的菌根侵染率和抗氧化酶活性, 研究AM 真菌对根系抗氧化酶活性的影响以及该影响的系统性。结果表明, 盆栽试验中接种根内球囊霉显著提高了根系中SOD、POD、CAT 的活性, 表明AM 真菌可以促进根系的抗氧化酶活性; 分根试验中一半根系接种了根内球囊霉的植株, 其另一半未接种的根系SOD、POD 活性也增加, 表明AM 真菌对根系抗氧化酶系统的促进具有系统效应。由于抗氧化酶系统是植物产生抗逆性的生理生化基础, 可以推测, AM 真菌对根系抗氧化酶活性的系统性提高有助于保护根系整体, 而非仅仅保护受侵染根段。 相似文献
3.
接种AM真菌对PAEs污染土壤中微生物和酶活性的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
土壤灭菌条件下 ,添加 5 0mg·kg-1DEHP和 5 0mg·kg-1DBP ,在温室进行盆栽试验 ,观察土壤施加DEHP与DBP和接种AM真菌 (Acaulosporalavis,光壁无梗球囊霉 ,菌号 :34)后菌根际 (简称A)、菌丝际 (简称B)和常规土 (简称C)中土壤微生物和部分土壤酶活性的变化。结果表明 ,土壤施加DEHP和DBP后 ,A、B和C层土中土壤微生物数量和土壤酶含量下降 ;接种AM真菌后 ,受AM直接影响的A和B层土中细菌、放线菌和真菌数量比不接种低 ,而C层土中三菌数量比不接种高 ;A和B层土中中性磷酸酶和脲酶含量下降 ,脱氢酶含量在A、C层土中下降 ,在B层土中稍有增加 ,AM对土壤脱氢酶活性影响不大。接种AM真菌没有降低DEHP和DBP对土壤微生物生长和土壤酶活性不利影响的程度 相似文献
4.
接种不同VA菌根真菌对红三中草利用不同磷源的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以红三叶草为材料,利用三室隔网培养方法,研究了施用不同磷源条件下,接种VA菌根真菌(Glomus mosseae和Glomus versiforme)对外加有机磷源及土壤有机磷的利用效率,植物生长10周年,测定植株博干物重、含磷量、菌根侵染率及根系长度,结果表明:接种菌根真菌能明显增加植干物重和含磷量。接种条件下无机磷(KH2PO4)对植株生长的促进作用大于有机磷(Na-phytate)处理,接种Glomus versofrorme的作用明显大于接种Glomus mosseae。接种Glomus mosseae,植株对磷酸二氢钾中磷的吸收量明显大于植酸钠,而接种Glomus versiforme时则植株对植酸钠的磷吸收量明显高于磷酸二氢钾。上述结果说明接种两菌种对不同磷源的作用不同,接种Glomus mosseae可提高磷酸二氢钾中磷的利用率,接种Glomus versiforme则可提高对植酸的磷利用率。 相似文献
5.
《菌物研究》2017,(1)
极端生境往往蕴藏着具有特殊生理生态功能的生物类群。海拔高、温度低、生长季节短的青藏高原高寒草原生态系统是典型的极端生境之一,目前有关该生境中分布的丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)研究已引起广泛关注。本文从青藏高原高寒生境中AM真菌的研究概况入手,论述青藏高原高寒生境中AM真菌的群落组成、物种多样性与分布特征、菌根侵染发育状况及高寒生境对AM真菌的影响。指出高寒生境中AM真菌群落结构研究方面存在的问题,探讨解决这些问题的可能途径及其研究发展前景,以期为青藏高原高寒草原生态系统稳定性的维持与受损生态系统的恢复提供理论依据。 相似文献
6.
泡囊丛枝(VA)菌根对玉米际磷酸酶活性的影响 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
以玉米为材料,利用三室隔网培养方法,研究了缺P土壤上施用植酸和卵磷脂时接种几种菌根真菌(Glomus mosseae,Glmous versiformea,Gigaspora margarita)对根际土壤酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响,玉米生长70d后,收获测定距根表不同距离土壤中的磷酸酶活性,结果表明,接种菌根真菌增加了根际土壤酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性,Gigaspora margarita菌根菌的作用大于其它2个菌极菌,不同P源对磷酸酶活性有明显影响。 相似文献
7.
合肥市不同生态功能区空气负离子浓度分布特征及其与气象因子的关系 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
空气负离子浓度与空气环境质量密切相关.以合肥市为研究对象,按照4个生态功能区(公园游览区、生活居住区、商业交通繁华区和工业区),同步进行了空气负离子浓度、主要气象要素(光照强度、气温、空气相对湿度等)观测.不同功能区空气负离子浓度的日变化特点是: 公园游览区和生活居住区日变化呈单峰形式,工业区呈双峰形式,而商业交通繁华区则比较复杂;极值出现的时间也有差异;4个功能区空气负离子浓度日变化的波动性从大到小依次为商业交通繁华区>工业区>生活居住区>公园游览区.4个功能区空气负离子浓度年变化趋势基本一致,夏季最高,冬季最低.公园游览区、生活居住区、商业交通繁华区和工业区空气负离子浓度年平均值分别是819、340、149和126 个·cm-3.影响合肥市空气负离子浓度的最主要气象因子是空气相对湿度,其次是光照强度,最小为气温.空气负离子浓度与空气相对湿度呈指数递增关系. 相似文献
8.
溶磷细菌和丛枝菌根真菌接种对南方红豆杉生长及根际微生物和土壤酶活性的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以南方红豆杉实生苗为材料,采用盆栽实验探讨了高效溶磷细菌草木樨中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)CHW10B与丛枝菌根真菌缩球囊霉(Glomus constrictum)单独和双接种条件下,其植株生长、根际土壤可培养微生物数量、土壤酶活和土壤微生物功能多样性变化,在微生态水平揭示接种对南方红豆杉生长的影响及其机制。结果表明:(1)各接种处理对南方红豆杉幼苗均有促生长作用,接种处理苗高、地径和生物量均较对照显著增加,并以双接种促进效果最好。(2)各接种处理提高了南方红豆杉根际土壤可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌含量,增加了土壤微生物碳源利用率,改变了土壤中物种的丰富度和均一度,增加了土壤中的生物多样性。(3)各接种处理促进了南方红豆杉根际重要土壤酶(酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶、转化酶)活力的增加,且双接种的促进作用最为明显。可见,溶磷细菌(草木樨中华根瘤菌CHW10B)和丛枝菌根真菌(缩球囊霉)具有协同作用,两者同时接种可显著提高南方红豆杉根际土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活力,提高土壤微生物碳源利用率和土壤肥力,增加土壤中的生物多样性,从而达到间接促进宿主植物南方红豆杉生长的目的。 相似文献
9.
接种菌根真菌对青冈栎幼苗耐旱性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用丛枝菌根真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices)和外生菌根真菌彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorius)对石漠化地区造林树种青冈栎(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)幼苗进行接种试验。在大棚盆栽条件下模拟土壤干旱胁迫,研究菌根真菌对青冈栎生长和耐旱性的影响。结果表明:在土壤干旱条件下,接种菌根处理植株生物量显著高于未接种处理(P0.05),菌根依赖性随土壤水分含量降低而升高;未接种处理植株叶绿素含量在土壤干旱条件下显著降低(P0.05),除接种Pisolithus tinctorius处理外,其它接种处理叶绿素含量无显著变化。土壤干旱使植株体内脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量上升,在中度干旱条件下,接种处理可溶性糖含量均显著高于对照处理,接种Glomus intraradices、Pisolithus tinctorius处理脯氨酸含量显著低于对照(P0.05);在重度干旱条件下,接种Glomus mosseae和Glomus intraradices处理可溶性糖含量显著高于对照处理(P0.05),而相应的脯氨酸含量显著低于对照处理。当土壤水分含量在田间持水量55%—65%时,接种处理植株SOD、POD和CAT酶活性显著高于未接种处理(P0.05),在土壤水分含量降至35%—45%时,Glomus mosseae和Glomus intraradices处理SOD酶活性显著高于对照,并且所有接种处理POD酶活性均显著高于对照。此外,在水分干旱条件下,植株全磷和全钾含量也显著高于未接种处理(P0.05)。研究表明,丛枝菌根真菌和外生菌根真菌均能够侵染青冈栎幼苗根系;在干旱胁迫条件下,接种菌根真菌能够提高青冈栎植株生物量、抗氧化酶活性、增加植株可溶性糖含量和促进植株养分吸收,提高植株耐旱性,从而使青冈栎幼苗在岩溶干旱环境下更容易存活。 相似文献
10.
以黄瓜品种‘津春2号’为材料,在育苗基质中添加亚精胺(Spd)和丛枝菌根真菌(AMF),研究外源Spd和AMF对黄瓜幼苗生长、光合作用、果实产量和品质以及根际微生物和酶活性的影响.结果表明:育苗基质中同时添加Spd和AMF,可促进黄瓜幼苗生长,提高根系活力和果实产量,改善品质,并促进养分吸收;Spd和AMF提高黄瓜幼苗净光合速率、实际光化学效率、表观量子效率、羧化效率和光呼吸速率,增加基质中细菌和放线菌数量,而降低真菌数量,并提高蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶的活性.说明育苗基质中同时添加Spd和AMF,可提高黄瓜植株光能利用效率,促使黄瓜幼苗根际微生物区系从低肥力的"真菌型"向高肥力的"细菌型"转化,加速有机磷和有机态氮的分解与转化,为黄瓜生长发育提供比较充足的N、P等养分,从而促进黄瓜植株生长,提高产量并改善品质.Spd可提高AMF侵染率,两者对黄瓜幼苗生长具有明显的叠加效应,说明在接种AMF的基质中添加Spd,是一种可增强AMF侵染率的有效方法. 相似文献
11.
Barley genotypes differ in activity of soluble extracellular phosphatase and depletion of organic phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
In the present investigation we studied the extent of variation among barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alexis, Canut, Digger, Etna, Peel) in their ability: i) to induce activity of soluble extracellular phosphatase in rhizosphere soil. ii) to withdraw bicarbonate extractable organic phosphorus (NaHCO3-P0). All the genotypes induced 3–4 times higher phosphatase activities in rhizosphere soil as compared to bulk soil. Among the genotypes, there were significant (p>0.01) differences in soluble extracellular and non-soluble phosphatase activities and depletion of NaHCO3-P0 in soil near their root mats. Etna induced highest phosphatase activities and depleted most NaHCO3-P0 from the rhizosphere soil. A high correlation (r=0.79) was found between the activity of soluble extracellular phosphatase and the quantity of NaHCO3-P0 withdrawn from the rhizosphere soil by the barley genotypes. 相似文献
12.
氮、磷添加对不同林型土壤磷酸酶活性的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究了鼎湖山3种森林类型(南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、马尾松人工林和针叶阔叶混交林)的土壤酸性磷酸单酯酶活性(APA)对施肥的响应情况。在3种林型中分别设置对照、加氮(150 kg N hm-2a-1)、加磷(150 kg P hm-2a-1)以及N和P同时添加(150 kg N hm-2a-1+150 kg P hm-2a-1)4种不同处理。结果表明,季风林土壤APA((15.83±2.46)μmol g-1h-1)显著高于混交林((10.71±0.78)μmol g-1h-1)和马尾松林((9.12±0.38)μmol g-1h-1),且3种林型土壤APA与土壤有效磷含量均呈显著负相关。施加N肥显著提高了季风林土壤APA,而对混交林和马尾松林的作用不显著。施加P肥显著降低了混交林和马尾松林土壤APA,但对季风林的影响不明显。N和P同时添加仅显著降低了马尾松林土壤APA,但在季风林中存在交互作用。因此,N沉降会加剧亚热带成熟林土壤P的限制,可以考虑施加P肥作为森林管理的一种方式来缓解这种限制作用。 相似文献
13.
An in vitro experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different sources and levels of P supply on growth, viability and phosphatase activity of three tropical Frankia strains isolated from Casuarina. P concentration for optimum growth was between 0.1 and 10.0 M in the absence of external combined nitrogen. Specific viability was not influenced by P supply. Morphological features of Frankia, such as hyphal length and vesicle numbers, were found to largely mirror growth. Phosphatase activity was detected in all three Frankia strains and was highest when P was omitted from the culture solution. There were more than 10-fold differences between the Frankia strains in the level of phosphatase activities shown. This study suggested that soils low in P are unlikely to restrict micro-symbiont growth activity. 相似文献
14.
不同磷源对红三叶草根际和菌根际磷酸酶活性的影响 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15
以红三叶草为研究对象,利用三室培养系统,在接种菌根真菌(Glomus mosseae)的条件下研究了不同磷源对根际和菌根际磷酸酶活性的影响,植株生长8周后收获并测定根室、菌丝室的土壤磷酸酶活性、植株干重及含磷量.结果表明,根室酸性磷酸酶活性比碱性磷酸酶活性更裔,接种条件下二者都稍有增加,特别是在供给有机磷(植酸钠)的条件下明显增加了菌丝室土壤磷酸酶活性.接种菌根真菌显著增加了植株干重、磷含量和总磷吸收.施用磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)时菌丝吸磷量占吸磷总量的43.1%,而施用植酸钠(Na-phytate)时菌丝吸磷量占吸磷总量的60.8%。 相似文献
15.
16.
Uses of alkaline phosphatase activity in evaluating phytoplankton community phosphorus deficiency 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The phosphorus (P) deficiency status of phytoplankton communities was measured using the physiological indicator, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and nutrient-addition growth bioassays in field sampled from four northeastern Minnesota lakes and the far western arm of Lake Superior. Phosphorus additions generally reduced APA, while other treatments increased activity. Samples receiving nitrogen (N) and P increased APA after a long lag period. P-addition bioassays of Lake Superior were consistent with phytoplankton P limitation and variations in APA indicated potential seasonal and spatial changes in P deficiency status. The results suggest that APA reliably reflected the phytoplankton P status, but may not provide sufficient information when N or NP limitation is present. 相似文献
17.
Effect of cycloheximide and renewal of phosphorus supply on surface acid phosphatase activity of phosphorus deficient tomato roots 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Changes in surface phosphatase activity of tomato root ( Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Marmande) have been studied in relation to its P status. Experiments were performed either with excised roots cultured in vitro or with entire plants (split root method) grown in various conditions (P deficiency, renewal of P supply). In some experiments different parts of the root were separated according to their P status during their primary growth.
The surface phosphatase in different root parts depends first of all on P status during their primary growth. Moreover the cell wall phosphatase of tomato root is stable in vivo . Thus the changes in the surface phosphatase of a root system result mainly from the growth of new roots, which bear an enzyme activity that is either high if they are P deficient or low if they are P provided. The control of the cell wall phosphatase synthesis appears to be a repression-derepression process mediated by the root cell concentration in some P compound, probably orthophosphate. Cycloheximide stops or alters the growth of excised roots, so that this inhibitor was found unsuitable to study the synthesis of cell wall phosphatase under in vivo conditions. Split root experiment shows that the increase in surface phosphatase activity may occur locally, i.e. only in the parts of the root system which are P deficient. Agricultural and ecological aspects of these findings are pointed out. 相似文献
The surface phosphatase in different root parts depends first of all on P status during their primary growth. Moreover the cell wall phosphatase of tomato root is stable in vivo . Thus the changes in the surface phosphatase of a root system result mainly from the growth of new roots, which bear an enzyme activity that is either high if they are P deficient or low if they are P provided. The control of the cell wall phosphatase synthesis appears to be a repression-derepression process mediated by the root cell concentration in some P compound, probably orthophosphate. Cycloheximide stops or alters the growth of excised roots, so that this inhibitor was found unsuitable to study the synthesis of cell wall phosphatase under in vivo conditions. Split root experiment shows that the increase in surface phosphatase activity may occur locally, i.e. only in the parts of the root system which are P deficient. Agricultural and ecological aspects of these findings are pointed out. 相似文献
18.
以湖南省平江县国有芦头林场的次生林以及经人工翻垦种植的油茶(Camellia oleifera)、黄桃(Amygdalus persica)、杨梅(Myrica rubra)和杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)四种人工林为研究对象,比较了不同林分土壤理化性质、磷酸酶活性与磷形态特征,分析了三者之间的相关性,探讨了次生林转变为人工林后,土壤磷形态和磷酸酶的变化特征以及驱动土壤磷素形态变化的关键因子。结果表明:(1)次生林土壤有机碳(SOC),全氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH+4-N)含量与磷酸酶活性显著高于其他四种林分。(2)五种林分中土壤残余磷(Residual-P)含量最高,是林地土壤主要的磷素存在形态。林分转变后,黄桃林与杉木林树脂提取态无机磷(Resin-Pi)显著增加,黄桃林与油茶林NaHCO3提取态磷(NaHCO3-Pi、NaHCO3-Po)含量显著增加,而四种人工林的NaOH提取态有机磷(NaOH-Po)含量均显著降低。可利用磷、中等可利用磷与稳定态磷... 相似文献