血管外膜肌成纤维细胞分化的基因表达谱

我们以往的研究表明,TGF-β1可以诱导血管外膜成纤维细胞（adventitial fibroblasts,AFs）向肌成纤维细胞（myofibroblasts,MFs）分化。为寻找可能涉及MF分化的基因,本实验采用寡核苷酸芯片技术动态检测细胞表型转化过程中基因表达的变化,实时定量RT-PCR验证芯片结果。在芯片上的15866条总探针组中,2121个探针组在TGF-β1刺激后至少一个时间点的表达发生2倍以上变化,其中l318个基因表达上调,761个基因表达下调,还有少数基因（42个）在不同的时间点既有上调又有下调表达。在1231个已知功能基因中,分泌磷蛋白l（secreted phosphoprotein1．APP1）、Rhoassociated coiled-coil forming kinase2（ROCK2）的表达趋势与标志基因α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SM-actin）的表达趋势相同,TGF-D1诱导MF分化过程中上调了电压门控性钾通道Shal家族成员2（potassium voltage-gated channel,Shal-related family and member2,KCND2）的表达,这些基因参与了MF的分化;此外,还发现内皮素1（endothelin 1,EDN1）、补体成分、NADPH氧化酶4（NADPH oxidase 4,NOX4）和NAD（P）H dehydrogenase,quinone 1 （NQO1）可能参与了MF分化。本实验用寡核苷酸芯片技术验证了通过其它技术证实的同MF分化相关的基因,并发现了新的涉及该过程的基因,基因表达谱研究有利于鉴定参与细胞分化的基因和通路。     

转化的大鼠胚胎成纤维细胞系差异表达基因的筛选研究

来源于转化的大鼠胚胎成纤维细胞系的两株细胞,A1－5细胞与B4细胞相比表现出非常强的抗辐射性并伴随不同寻常强的G2延迟效应;用PCR选择性抑制消减杂交方法对这两株细胞进行差减,希望找到对A1－5细胞表现出的不同寻常的表型起关键作用的某一个或某一些基因。结果得到了160个差减转化子,逐个进行序列测定,并进行Dot blot杂交,共得到35个差异表达基因片段（EST）。通过对美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）的非冗余序列库（NT）、鼠EST库及人EST库的BLAST进行同源检索,发现其中21个代表了尚未登录的新基因,另外14个分别与已知基因高度同源。     

高粱幼苗水分胁迫诱导表达差异cDNA的研究

以高粱为试验材料,用-0．7MPa的PEG-6000高渗溶液对其幼苗进行水分胁迫处理,利用mRNA差异显示技术分离得到53条高粱水分胁迫诱导表达的cDNA片段,其中包括5个完全诱导表达片段,43个上调片段和5个下调表达片段。经过Reverse Northern验证,筛选出13个差异表达的cDNA片段,并进行克隆测序。经GenBank查询,10个片段序列与已知序列有较高的同源性,3个片段同源性非常低,可能为新基因。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对脑微血管内皮细胞血管新生基因谱和环加氧酶-2表达的影响

本文研究了碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF）对小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞（microvascular endothelial cell, MVEC）株bEnd．3中血管新生相关基因表达谱的改变,并重点从mRNA、蛋白质和细胞水平检测bFGF对血管新生旁观分子环加氧酶-2（cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2）表达的影响。用特异性小鼠血管新生基因芯片高通量检测bEnd．3细胞基因谱表达的改变,分析促血管新生基因及抑制血管新生的基因表达谱的变化;用RT—PCR、Western blot、免疫细胞化学等方法分别从mRNA、蛋白质和细胞水平检测COX-2表达变化及细胞内的定位。结果发现用10ng／ml的bFGF刺激bEnd．3细胞2h后多种促血管新生基因表达明显上调,如Adamtsl、MMP-9、Ang-1、PDGFB、G—CSF、FGFl6、IGF-1等分别上调3、8、120、5．2、4．5、1．7、2．7倍。与此同时,多种抑制血管新生的基因表达相应下调,如TSP-3、TIMP-2、TGFβ1等表达分别下调3．4、1．5和3．5倍。RT-PCR和Western blot的结果证实,bFGF可以上调COX-2mRNA的表达和蛋白质的合成。免疫组化的结果表明,COX-2主要分布在胞浆。以上结果提示：bFGF具有上调促血管新生基因表达,下调抑制血管新生基因表达的作用,两者协同作用,促进血管新生。同时bFGF还可以明显促进血管新生旁观分子COX-2mRNA的表达和蛋白质的合成。本文讨论了bFGF引起MVEC内COX-2表达上调的意义。     

骨桥蛋白增强自发性高血压大鼠血管外膜成纤维细胞的迁移活性

血管外膜成纤维细胞迁移参与形成新生内膜是一些血管疾病的共同发病过程。研究高血压动物模型的外膜成纤维细胞是否与对照组不同将有利于阐述高血压血管重塑的机制。本实验比较自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hy-pertensive rats,SHR)与正常对照大鼠(Wistar-Kyoto rats,WKY)的血管外膜成纤维细胞在体外培养条件下迁移能力的差别,并对其机制进行了探讨。采用大鼠胸主动脉的培养血管外膜成纤维细胞,用Transwell技术测定培养细胞的迁移能力。用实时定量PCR技术检测mRNA表达。结果表明,在血清和bFGF趋化作用下,SHR培养血管外膜成纤维细胞的迁移活性显著强于WKY(每个视野平均迁移细胞数目,血清:35.20±5.26 vs 22.2±3.27,P<0.05;bFGF:30.23±4.54vs 19.20±4.47,P<0.05)。进一步研究发现,SHR培养血管外膜成纤维细胞中的骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)mRNA水平显著高于WKY(1863.23±43.91 vs 326.24±68.29,P<0.01)。反义OPN(100 μmol/L)对血清诱导的SHR血管外膜成纤维细胞迁移有抑制作用(每个视野平均迁移细胞数目 38.60±5.98 vs 26.61±3.84,P<0.05)。而正义及错配义OPN组均无此效应。反义OPN对SHR细胞迁移的抑制作用呈浓度依赖性。上述结果证实SHR培养血管外膜成纤维细胞的迁移能力强于WKY,OPN在细胞迁移中     

利用改进的DDRT-PCR分离并鉴定水稻细胞缺铁胁迫相关cDNA克隆

利用改进的差异显示PCR(DDRT—PCR)技术从水稻细胞中分离与缺铁胁迫相关的新基因。在分离到的8个差异片段中,通过Northern杂交验证,其中5个为阳性。在这5个阳性片段中有3个是受缺铁胁迫抑制,有2个受缺铁胁迫诱导表达。对这些阳性片段的序列分析表明有3个(IDR2,IDR3,IDR8)为新基因。其中IDR2,IDR8是2个未知基因,IDR3通过GenBank搜索可以找到一些与它同源的已知基因片段。     

与抑制K562细胞向红系分化相关的Attractin基因的分离和初步鉴定

应用差异显示PCR（DDRT-PCR）方法分离野生型K562细胞株和能表达人β－珠蛋白基因的变种K562细胞株的4个差异cDNA片段,序列测定后,挑选差异最明显的片段dd1,经过RT-PCR、Northern 印迹鉴定确实为两株细胞间的差异片段,测序后经同源性分析等,发现其所对应的基因是吸引素（Attractin,GenBank注册号AF106861）。 根据其结构预测,Attractin有可能是K562 细胞表面一个黏附因子受体,与抑制K562细胞向红系分化有关。 Abstract:Differential display PCR method was used to isolate four differential display fragments between the wild type K562 cell line and the variant type K562 cell line that expressed the human β-globin gene.After sequencing,the most remarkable different fragment,named dd1,was selected for further study.The analysis of RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridization showed that dd1 was exactly the differentiation fragment between the two cell lines.The homology analysis indicated that dd1 was matched to Attractin (GeneBank registration No.AF106861).It might be an adhesion receptor related to inhibiting erythroid differentiation based on its structure.     

microRNAs参与韧带成纤维细胞成骨分化相关分子表达的调节

韧带成纤维细胞成骨分化与强直性脊柱炎等多种异位骨化相关性疾病有关,但其机制尚不清楚.本研究目的在于观察韧带成纤维细胞在成骨分化过程中microRNA和mRNA的表达谱变化,以期为揭示成纤维细胞成骨分化机制提供研究基础.原代培养韧带成纤维细胞、地塞米松、抗坏血酸和β 磷酸甘油体外诱导其成骨分化, RT-PCR检测成骨标志物骨钙素和Runx2的表达.采用表达谱基因芯片分析诱导0、7、14 d后韧带成纤维细胞的microRNAs和mRNAs表达,并用实时定量PCR（RT-qPCR）和Western印迹方法验证生物信息学分析结果.结果显示,与未诱导前相比,成骨分化第7 d有66个microRNAs和640个mRNA表达上调,94个microRNAs和744个mRNA表达下调;成骨分化第14 d有58个microRNAs和781个mRNA表达上调,96个microRNAs和603个mRNA表达下调.实时定量PCR和Western印迹验证结果显示,miR-29b在成骨分化过程中表达上调,TGFβ3表达水平降低,与芯片结果一致,miR-29b通过抑制TGFβ3蛋白的翻译来促进Runx2的表达,从而促进韧带成纤维细胞向成骨细胞分化.韧带成纤维细胞成骨分化过程中,microRNA调控基因及mRNA差异表达基因除涉及BMPs、Wnt和Ihh等信号通路外,在成纤维细胞成骨分化过程中可能还存在其它的新机制.     

piwil2重编程人成纤维细胞形成肿瘤样干细胞的基因差异表达

利用基因芯片技术检测piwil2基因重编程人成纤维细胞(fibroblast, FB)形成肿瘤样干细胞的差异表达基因,分析主要差异表达信号通路。采用前期已构建的piwil2-gfp基因,以gfp作为空载对照的慢病毒转染人包皮来源的成纤维细胞,获得稳定转染的肿瘤样干细胞,人成纤维细胞作为正常对照,采用基因芯片技术检测其转录差异表达,进行pathway分析,挑选差异表达明显的支链氨基酸代谢信号通路,采用q-PCR进行验证。基因芯片结果显示,FB-piwil2组相较于FB,上调基因1 490个,下调基因1 484个,参与支链氨基酸代谢等多条信号通路;FB-piwil2组相较于FB-GFP组,上调基因3 765个,下调基因1 988个,参与支链氨基酸代谢等多条信号通路;FB-GFP组相较于FB组,上调基因2 095个,下调基因4 014个,参与破骨细胞分化等信号通路;q-PCR验证重编程形成的肿瘤样干细胞克隆的支链氨基酸代谢信号通路上调的7个基因(acad8, acadm, aldh3a2, bcat1, hibch, hmgcs1, mccc2)与基因芯片上调表达一致。由此可见,piwil2基因重编程人成纤维细胞形成的肿瘤样干细胞基因出现差异表达,与支链氨基酸代谢相关。     

喉癌相关基因LCRG1的克隆和表达分析

喉癌是严重危害人类健康的一类恶性肿瘤。选用在mRNA差异显示研究中获得的在喉癌组织中表达显著下调且代表新基因的EST之一（AF10056）,设计引物进行cDNA文库筛选,得到一全长为3448bp的cDNA序列,其开放读码框编码288个氨基酸,与已知蛋白质无明显同源性,属一新发现的基因,GenBank接受号为AF268387。与GenBank数据库匹配分析,发现该基因包含6个外子,基因组RT－PCR显示有40％（12／30）的喉癌组织表达下调,RT－PCR显示有54．5％（6／11）其他肿瘤细胞系表达缺失。把该基因命名为喉癌相关基因（laryngeal carcinoma related gene1,LCRG1)。这提示LCRG1可能与喉癌的发生发展相关。     

Cataloging altered gene expression in young and senescent cells using enhanced differential display.

Recently, a novel PCR-based technique, differential display (DD), has facilitated the study of differentially expressed genes at the mRNA level. We report here an improved version of DD, which we call Enhanced Differential Display (EDD). We have modified the technique to enhance reproducibility and to facilitate sequencing and cloning. Using EDD, we have generated and verified a catalog of genes that are differentially expressed between young and senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDF). From 168 genetags that were identified initially, 84 could be sequenced directly from PCR amplified bands. These sequences represent 27 known genes and 37 novel genes. By Northern blot analysis we have confirmed the differential expression of a total of 23 genes (12 known, 11 novel), while 19 (seven known, 12 novel) did not show differential expression. Several of the known genes were previously observed by others to be differentially expressed between young and senescent fibroblasts, thereby validating the technique.     

The connexin mimetic peptide Gap27 increases human dermal fibroblast migration in hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic conditions in vitro

Significant increases in skin wound healing rates occur by reducing connexin-mediated communication (CMC). Gap27, a connexin (Cx) mimetic peptide targeted to the second extracellular loop of Cx43, which inhibits CMC, increases migration of human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. To examine the efficacy of Gap27 in a hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic in vitro environment, cell migration, gap junction, and Cx hemichannel functionality and cell-substrate adhesion assays were performed on human dermal fibroblasts and diabetic fibroblast and keratinocytes. To investigate fibroblast genes involved in these processes, extra-cellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion gene expression was determined with a PCR array. Gap27 increased fibroblast migration in both euglycemia/euinsulinemia and hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia, and influenced migration in diabetic keratinocytes. Hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia reduced gap junction coupling in fibroblasts and Gap27 reduced CMC and cell adhesion to substrata in fibroblasts cultured in high glucose. Migrating dermal fibroblast ECM and cell adhesion genes were found to be differentially regulated by Gap27 in euglycemia and hyperglycemia. The PCR array showed that Gap27 upregulated 34 genes and downregulated 1 gene in euglycemic migrating fibroblasts. By contrast in hyperglycemia, Gap27 upregulated 1 gene and downregulated 9 genes. In euglycemic conditions, Gap27 induced upregulation of genes associated with ECM remodeling, whereas in hyperglycemia, ECM component genes were downregulated by Gap27. Thus, Gap27 improves cell migration during scrape-wound repair in hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia conditions in vitro, although migration of diabetic cells is less influenced. Our results suggest that this increase in motility may occur by decreasing gap junction and hemichannel activity and altering gene expression in the adhesion and ECM pathway.     

Rapid selection of differentially expressed genes in TNF[alpha]-activated endothelial cells

BACKGROUND: RNA differential display (DD) RT-PCR is a useful method to identify and clone differentially expressed genes. However, the rate of false positives and redundancy associated with this PCR-based method as well as laborious downstream screening steps constitute major limitations.Here we present DD RT-PCR and reverse northern (RN) protocols allowing rapid and acurate identification of genes upregulated in porcine endothelial cells (EC) in response to TNFalpha. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The housekeeping gene beta-actin was used to investigate mispriming and to set up optimal conditions for DD-RT-PCR and RN. In this study DD was performed to compare resting and TNFalpha-activated ECs. Selection of DD-fragments was performed following 30-cycles of PCR using serial dilutions of template cDNA and regulation of 6 out of 17 candidates genes were first confirmed by semi-quantitative RN. RESULTS: Using this protocol, 5 out of 6 DD-fragments were further confirmed to be upregulated by Northern blot, and 3 novel porcine cDNAs were cloned including the pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, Noxa. CONCLUSION: In this study we demonstrate that the combination of DD-RT-PCR and RN, which efficiently reduces the number of false positive candidates derived from mispriming at the screening step, allows a rapid identification of differentially expressed genes.     

Expression and function of osteopontin in vascular adventitial fibroblasts and pathological vascular remodeling

Osteopontin is known to play important roles in various diseases including vascular disorders. However, little is known about its expression and function in vascular adventitial fibroblasts. Adventitial fibroblasts have been shown to play a key role in pathological vascular remodeling associating with various vascular disorders. In this study, we measured activation of Osteopontin and its biological functions in cultured adventitial fibroblasts and injured rat carotid injury arteries induced by balloon angioplasty. Our results showed that angiotensin II and aldosterone increased Osteopontin expression in adventitial fibroblasts in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. MAPKs and AP-1 pathways were involved in Osteopontin upregulation. In addition, Adventitial fibroblast migration stimulated by Angiotensin II and aldosterone required OPN expression. Perivascular delivery of antisense oligonucleotide for Osteopontin suppressed neointimal formation post-injury. We concluded that upregulation of Osteopontin expression in adventitial fibroblasts might be important in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling after arterial injury.