Role of humoral factors in the regulation of hemopoiesis in stress]

The change of 11-1, IL-3, CSA concentrations in adherent and nonadherent bone marrow cells condition medium at stress were investigated. The activation of bone marrow hemopoiesis was registered at mice after immobilization stress. The number of CFU-GM increased on 1, 4 and 5 day after stress. Maximum of CSA in adherent and nonadherent cells conditioned medium was observed on day 4, 6 or 2, 5 respectively. The increasing of 11-3 activity in culture of nonadherent bone marrow cells was registered from day 1 and mount to maximum at 4-5 days. The increasing of 11-1 level in culture of adherent bone marrow cells was found at 1 and 4 days.     

植物矮化突变体的激素调控

作者主要从赤霉素（GA）、油菜素内酯（BR）和生长素（IAA）三方面介绍了植物矮化突变体的激素水平变化及其调控,其对其他与激素调控有关的植物筹化体研究进展作了介绍。     

植物激素对棉花体细胞胚胎发生的诱导及调节作用

选用11种激素研究了外源激素对棉花胚性愈伤组织增殖、胚胎发生和发育的调控作用。结果表明不同激素对棉花胚性愈伤组织增殖、胚胎发生与发育的影响不同。除2,4-D和BA对棉花胚性愈伤组织的增殖影响不大外,其他激素对棉花胚性愈伤组织的增殖均具有抑制作用,且具有一定的时间效应,同时还受基因型的影响。激素对棉花体细胞胚的形成和发育的影响极大,2,4-D既抑制了体细胞胚的形成,又抑制了体细胞胚的发育;TDZ的作用与2,4-D相似,显抑制了体细胞胚的形成,且诱导获得的体细胞胚均停留在球形胚阶段;GA也抑制了体细胞胚的形成,且不利于体细胞的成熟与萌发;BU-30对棉花体细胞胚形成与发育的影响不大。其他7类生长素类物质和细胞分裂素类物质对棉花体细胞胚的形成均具有促进作用,且依IBA、ABA、IAA、BA、KT、ZT、2iP序增强,其总胚数为对照的1．193—3．852倍;其中2iP的促进作用最大,可使产生的体细胞胚数提高2．852倍。     

The humoral regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production in vivo

We examined the effects of the urinary extracts from aplastic anemia (AA) patients, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients, and normal subjects on murine megakaryocyte/platelet production in vivo and in vitro. In the first study, single doses of AA urinary protein (65%-90% ethanol precipitate) were individually injected intraperitoneally into rats and mice. Blood platelet counts in rats increased significantly 24 hours after the injection. Total megakaryocyte colony-forming units (CFU-Meg) in mouse spleens increased by 24 hours postinjection, peaked at 48 hours and returned to normal levels at 96 hours. Changes in the number of megakaryocyte colonies showed similar patterns of increasing, peaking and returning to normal levels postinjection. In the second study, we compared the effects of some urinary extracts on murine megakaryocyte/platelet production. These observations provided the evidence that AA urinary extracts contain a factor that directly stimulates megakaryocyte progenitor cell proliferation in mouse spleen in vivo as well as the release of platelets from megakaryocytes, and ITP urinary extracts do not contain increased levels of Meg-CSF and/or some other factor that directly stimulates CFU-Meg in vivo, and the decreased blood platelet mass that is clinically characteristic of ITP is not a primary in vivo determinant of the elaboration of these factors.     

NQO1 and NQO2 regulation of humoral immunity and autoimmunity

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) are cytosolic enzymes that catalyze metabolic reduction of quinones and derivatives. NQO1-null and NQO2-null mice were generated that showed decreased lymphocytes in peripheral blood, myeloid hyperplasia, and increased sensitivity to skin carcinogenesis. In this report, we investigated the in vivo role of NQO1 and NQO2 in immune response and autoimmunity. Both NQO1-null and NQO2-null mice showed decreased B-cells in blood, lower germinal center response, altered B cell homing, and impaired primary and secondary immune responses. NQO1-null and NQO2-null mice also showed susceptibility to autoimmune disease as revealed by decreased apoptosis in thymocytes and pre-disposition to collagen-induced arthritis. Further experiments showed accumulation of NADH and NRH, cofactors for NQO1 and NQO2, indicating altered intracellular redox status. The studies also demonstrated decreased expression and lack of activation of immune-related factor NF-kappaB. Microarray analysis showed altered chemokines and chemokine receptors. These results suggest that the loss of NQO1 and NQO2 leads to altered intracellular redox status, decreased expression and activation of NF-kappaB, and altered chemokines. The results led to the conclusion that NQO1 and NQO2 are endogenous factors in the regulation of immune response and autoimmunity.     

Some aspects of humoral immunization syndrome]

The authors have studied the hyperlipaemia, which occurs 24 hours after immunisation. This hyperlipaemia is related to the stress induce by the immunisation process, associated with an increase of serum of glycoproteins. this glycoproteins inhibit the clearing factor and prevent the hydrolysis of triglycerides, which acumulate in blood. A similar increase of glycosaminoglycans is observed in urine (type IV chondroitine sulfate).     

Cell-mediated and humoral immunity in HBS-Ag carriers]

The presence of HBs--Ag in the blood was established in 1.8% of practically healthy persons, in 29.7% of virus hepatitis patients and in 86.0% of serum hepatitis patients. The immunological study of clinically healthy HBs--Ag carriers revealed a statistically significant decrease in the number of T and B lymphocytes and an increased level of serum IgA, IgM and IgG in the blood. Among donors, 7.6% were found to have lymphocytes sensitized to HBs--Ag and 15.4% were found to have lymphocytes sensitized to liver antigen, while for HBs--Ag carriers these data were 62.5% and 50%, respectively.     

Amino acids and the humoral regulation of growth: fat bodies use slimfast

The mechanisms by which animals coordinate the growth of different tissues in response to nutrient levels is poorly understood. In this issue of Cell, Colombani et al. demonstrate that amino acid-responsive TOR signaling in the Drosophila fat body modulates insulin signaling and growth in peripheral tissues.     

The control of humoral transport of the eye tissues]

Three series of investigations were carried out in experiments on rabbits with administration under the conjunctiva or by means of electrophoresis of lymphotrophic preparations of different mechanisms of actions with the use of a morphological marker: Gerot's mass and Indian ink jelly with subsequent histological study of the eyeball. Dalargin dilated structured liquorolymphatic drainage ducts of the eye. Terrylythin produced a selective effect on the pigment epithelium of the retina, and mannitol provided penetration of the marker into the retina neurons. Thus, it has been shown that it is possible to control selectively the humoral transport of some tissues of the eye by means of lymphotrophic agents.     

Effect of humoral factors of the spleen after irradiation]

It is stated that therapeutic effect of humoral factors isolated from the cattle spleen is associated with its influence on alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-MG) performing a protective function. The results obtained permit recommending the isolated preparations to increase total resistivity of the organism under irradiation.     

Indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in chronic opisthorchiasis]

Quantitative content of T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was studied after Mendes in 30 patients suffering from chronic opisthorcosis and in 30 practically healthy persons; immunoglobulins--M, G, and A were examined after Mancini, and the presence of autoantibodies in the blood serum was studied by indirect method of mast cells degranulation. There was revealed a reduction of the T-cell count to 28.8 +/- 2.28% (normal value--52.9 +/- 3.32%) and a fall of IgM level to 163.4 +/- 16.2 (207.2 +/- 10.5 in donors) in the patients; macrophages count was almost doubled. Autoantibodies to the antigens of the liver, gastric mucosa and the gall bladder wall were revealed in 1/3 of the patients.