Complications of Therapy with Lysergide

All known complications which occurred during and after LSD treatment of 237 psychiatric patients on an open ward of a general hospital are described and classified. The results imply that clinical research with lysergide can be carried out in similar settings with relative safety.     

Complications of Carbenoxolone Therapy

Side effects from carbenoxolone are common and are due to electrolyte disturbance, such as sodium retention and hypokalaemia. They occur particularly in the elderly, who may already be being treated for other illnesses. Eight patients are described with serious side effects from carbenoxolone therapy, some of which were unrecognized for some time because of inadequate follow-up or because clinicians were unfamiliar with them.     

Ocular Complications of Chloroquine Therapy

Long-term therapy with chloroquine can lead to irreversible retinal damage and serious loss of visual acuity and visual field. Not only are the retinal changes irreversible but they may continue to progress after discontinuance of the drug. Work is proceeding on the development of electrophysiological techniques for early detection of toxic effect before significant retinal damage occurs. Another possibility for minimizing the toxic effect of chloroquine is the use of other drugs which increase the excretion of chloroquine from the body.     

Ocular Complications of Chloroquine Therapy

Ocular complications of long-term chloroquine therapy were observed in 18 of 45 patients so treated. This therapy was used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, discoid lupus and other chronic “collagen disease”. Thirteen patients had reversible corneal opacifications, and seven had irreversible retinal changes, with visual loss and visual field defects. Pathological evidence of chloroquine retinopathy was obtained in one patient. Physicians are therefore warned to use this drug only after careful consideration. If it is used, repeated ocular examinations should include assessment of visual acuity, visual fields on a tangent screen and fundus examination through a dilated pupil.     

Ocular Complications in Renal Transplant Recipients

Twenty-five patients were examined for ocular complaints following renal transplantation. Besides the expected complications of posterior subcapsular cataract and cytomegalovirus retinitis, other findings—such as focal depigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium, a lack of hypertensive retinopathy, elevated intraocular tensions, microaneurysms, preretinal wrinkling, serous detachments of the retina, hemorrhages and exudates—were observed.A laboratory clue to the onset of cytomegalovirus retinitis was a rapid rise in cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titer and a positive CMV plaque count in tissue culture.     

肾综合征出血热胸部并发症的CT表现

目的：总结肾综合征出血热（EHF）胸部并发症的CT表现和探讨胸部CT表现对肾综合征出血热的诊断价值。方法：分析60例经HFRS-IgM阳性确诊的HFRS的胸部螺旋cT表现,其中轻型5例、中型20例、重型28例、危重型7例。结果：肺部感染22例,肺水肿12例,胸腔积液4l例,心包积液17例,其中,心包积液合并肺水肿者4例,肺部感染并胸腔积液者4例,胸腔积液合并下肺局部膨胀不全18例,胸部CT检查正常8例。结论：肾综舍征出血热,胸部并发症发生几率较高,以胸腔积液及胸腔积液并下肺膨胀不全发生几率最高,HFRS的胸部CT表现对于临床有很好的治疗意义,早期CT检查可准确显示肾综合征出血热病人胸部改变的特征。     

2型糖尿病大鼠模型的肾脏和动脉血管并发症

目的制备发病过程类似人类2型糖尿病的动物模型,并观察其肾脏和主动脉的病变特点。方法8周龄SD大鼠高脂、高糖饮食一个月后给予小剂量STZ腹腔注射建立2型糖尿病模型,于成模后4周及8周观察血管功能指标和肾脏功能指标,并对肾脏和血管的病理改变进行观察。结果模型组于成模后4周及8周出现高血糖、高血脂、胰岛素抵抗、肾功能改变和血管功能改变。肾脏光镜下见肾小球内皮及系膜细胞增生;肾小管水肿,管腔内有大量蛋白管型和细胞管型;肾盂区有大量淋巴细胞浸润。动脉血管电镜下见内皮细胞局部损伤严重;内皮细胞与内弹力板连接处空隙增加等。结论用高脂高糖饮食加小剂量STZ腹腔注射可成功制备2型糖尿病大鼠模型,成模后4周及8周后观察肾脏及大血管相继出现病变,是2型糖尿病血管病变研究的理想模型。