Staphylococcal Pneumonia and Empyema in Infants and Children

One hundred and seventy-six cases of staphylococcal pneumonia and 35 cases of empyema in infants and children have been studied. There were seven deaths, five in patients with empyema and two in patients without this complication. Early diagnosis on the basis of clinical symptoms and signs and institution of therapy without awaiting radiological or bacteriological confirmation are necessary to prevent development of empyema and to reduce the mortality rate. Chloramphenicol and erythromycin, administered systemically, were generally effective. In severely toxic subjects antitoxin appeared to be of value. Blood transfusion was used to correct the rapidly progressive anemia. A chest radiograph was essential to diagnose empyema. Treatment of this condition by closed intercostal catheter drainage was effective. Pneumatoceles were encountered, but resolved spontaneously. Although there has been no significant decrease in the number of cases of pneumonia encountered, there have been no deaths since 1958 on the treatment outlined.     

Lipoid Pneumonia in Infants and Children in South India

Oil-aspiration pneumonia is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in infants and young children in South India. The high incidence of this condition results from the local custom of giving oil baths to infants and of cleansing the mouth, throat, and nose with oil. The clinical findings in 12 cases, 10 of them in babies aged under 8 months, are described. The signs range from an acute segmental collapse of the lung, clearing in a few days, to a chronic picture mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis or mucoviscoidosis. Mothers in South India should be advised to abandon the practice of cleansing their baby''s mouth and nose with oil.     

Pneumonia in Indian and Eskimo Infants and Children: Part I. A Clinical Study

Ninety-seven Indian and Eskimo infants and children who suffered 112 episodes of pneumonia were the subjects of a prospective study carried out at the Charles Camsell Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, from August 1963 until August 1964. Investigation included viral studies and an evaluation 10 days after admission. The patients were divided into four diagnostic categories and a comparison was made between cases of bacterial and viral origin. The frequency of right-sided disease, particularly of the upper lobe and/or dependent segment involvement, is described. An evaluation of physical signs is attempted. The problem of recurrent pneumonia and the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis in Indian and Eskimo children with pneumonia is discussed.     

Transferable Drug Resistance in Enterobacteria Isolated from Urban Infants

Antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria, the vast majority of which carried transmissible R factors, were isolated from 81 out of a total of 100 healthy infants. There was surprisingly little correlation between previous antibacterial therapy and the resistant enterobacterial flora.     

The Osteology of Infants and Children

The Osteology of Infants and Children . Brenda J. Baker, Tosha L. Dupras, and Matthew W. Tocheri. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2005. 178 pp.     

经纤维支气管镜灌洗治疗儿童顽固性肺炎的临床研究

目的：探讨经纤维支气管镜灌洗治疗儿童顽固性肺炎的治疗效果。方法：选择儿童顽固性肺炎患者48例,随机选择26例行纤维支气管镜灌洗治疗＋常规治疗（实验组）,另22例行单存常规治疗（对照组）,对比两组治疗方案的有效率。结果：实验组22例（84.62%）有效,肺炎治疗有效时间为（9±2.1）d,对照组12例（54.55%）有效,肺炎治疗有效时间为（15.6±3.8）d。实验组肺炎治疗有效率明显高于对照组（p〈0.05）,且肺炎治疗有效时间明显少于对照组（p〈0.05）。结论：纤维支气管镜灌洗是治疗儿童顽固性肺炎的一种有效方法。     

经纤维支气管镜灌洗治疗儿童顽固性肺炎的临床研究

目的:探讨经纤维支气管镜灌洗治疗儿童顽固性肺炎的治疗效果。方法:选择儿童顽固性肺炎患者48例,随机选择26例行纤维支气管镜灌洗治疗+常规治疗(实验组),另22例行单存常规治疗(对照组),对比两组治疗方案的有效率。结果:实验组22例(84.62%)有效,肺炎治疗有效时间为(9±2.1)d,对照组12例(54.55%)有效,肺炎治疗有效时间为(15.6±3.8)d。实验组肺炎治疗有效率明显高于对照组(p<0.05),且肺炎治疗有效时间明显少于对照组(p<0.05)。结论:纤维支气管镜灌洗是治疗儿童顽固性肺炎的一种有效方法。     

小儿难治性支原体肺炎应用喹诺酮类进行治疗的研究

目的:探讨喹诺酮类药物治疗小儿难治性支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法:选取我院2010年2月-2013年12月诊断为难治性支原体肺炎的患儿20例,随机平均分为两组,对照组使用阿奇霉素,治疗组使用左氧氟沙星,两组患儿均用其他抗生素,抗病毒、糖皮质激素及其他药物对症支持,观察两组患儿临床疗效、住院时间、肺CT等改变的情况,并进行比较。结果:治疗组患者发热、咳嗽、喘憋、干湿罗音等症状体征持续时间和平均住院天数等均较对照组明显缩短(P0.05),有统计学意义,治疗组总有效率为92.3%,高于对照组的80.0%,两组比较差异显著(P0.05),有统计学意义,治疗组患儿肺CT显示肺部病变好转的情况,CRP,血沉恢复正常的时间与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05),有统计学意义,且未发现明显的不良反应。结论:应用喹诺酮类药物治疗小儿难治性支原体肺炎的临床疗效显著,值得临床尝试。