拟茎点霉侵染对采后龙眼果皮LOX活性和膜脂脂肪酸组分的影响

用拟茎点霉(Phomopsis longanae Chi)侵染福眼龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour. ‘Fuyan’)果实,研究龙眼果皮脂氧合酶(LOX)活性、膜脂脂肪酸组分和细胞膜透性的变化及其与果皮褐变的关系。结果表明：拟茎点霉侵染导致龙眼果皮褐变指数、LOX活性和细胞膜透性增加,不饱和脂肪酸组分[亚油酸(C18∶2)、亚麻酸(C18∶3)和花生一烯酸(C20∶1)]下降而饱和脂肪酸组分[棕榈酸(C16∶0)和硬脂酸(C18∶0)]增加,脂肪酸不饱和指数(IUFA)和脂肪酸不饱和度下降。拟茎点霉侵染提高龙眼果皮LOX活性和加速膜脂不饱和脂肪酸的降解,从而破坏细胞膜系统的完整性,导致膜系统区室化功能丧失,使多酚氧化酶与酚类物质接触,引起酚类物质的酶促氧化和黑褐色高聚物形成,导致龙眼果皮褐变。     

龙眼叶片膜脂脂肪酸组分与龙眼耐寒性的关系

龙眼叶片膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量和脂肪酸不饱和度与龙眼不同品种的耐寒性呈正相关;在年周期中,不饱和脂肪酸含量的变化与龙眼耐寒性的变化呈现平行关系;龙眼叶片膜脂脂肪酸组分含量反映着龙眼品种间耐寒性遗传上的差异,可作为耐寒性的鉴定指标。     

成熟和褐变荔枝果实呼吸作用和脂氧合酶活性

荔枝果实完全成熟和果皮变鮮红时,呼吸速率降低,仅相当于果皮带绿时的39.4％。此时果皮和果肉的脂氧合酶活性亦明显降低,分别相当于后者的60.2％和49.1％。成熟荔枝果实果皮呼吸作用对KCN抑制敏感。2mM KCN抑制果皮总呼吸的91.8％,而仅抑制果肉的56.9％。荔枝果皮呼吸的电了传递主要是通过细胞色素氧化酶途径,而果肉則可能一半是通过其它氧化酶途径。2mKCN和1.5mM SHAM抑制成熟果皮总呼吸97.9％,为SHAM抑制的交替途径呼吸占总呼吸5.28％。相同浓度KCN和SHAM抑制褐变果皮总呼吸79.7％,则SHAM抑制的交替途径呼吸占27.1％。果实褐变时,果成交替途径呼吸比例增高。这一变化可能促进H_2O_2积累、乙烯产生和果皮褐变深化。     

干旱对玉米叶片膜透性及膜脂脂肪酸组分的影响（简报）

干旱导致玉米叶片中相对含水量降低,膜透性明显增大。不同生育时期干旱均导致玉米叶片膜脂的不饱和脂肪酸含量减少,饱和脂肪酸含量增加。其中亚麻酸和棕榈酸含量变化幅度较大。     

光对小麦幼叶脂氧合酶活性及膜脂过氧化作用的影响

选用抗旱型小麦品种陕合６号和水分敏感型小麦品种郑引１号的黄化幼苗为材料,研究了光处理对小麦幼叶脂氧合酶活性和膜脂氧化作用的影响。结果表明：光处理后黄叶变绿,叶片中的ＬＯＸ活性降低,丙二醛含量和叶绿素含量增加,膜透性升高,ＩＵＦＡ升高。ＬＯＸ活性与光抑制过程的恢复,光保护过程及膜脂过氧化作用有关。光诱导产生的膜脂过氧化作用是一种“准膜脂过氧化作用”。     

不同发育时期及外源处理后赤霞珠葡萄脂氧合酶活性及脂肪酸含量变化

以酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠为试材,研究了果实发育时期、机械创伤处理与外源茉莉酸甲酯处理对葡萄果皮中脂肪酸组分、含量及LOX活性的变化。结果表明:(1)葡萄果皮的LOX活性在花后12周达到最大值;花后15周对果实进行创伤处理,处理3h后LOX活性达到最高点;花后17周对果实进行MeJA处理,处理后24hLOX活性达到最大值。(2)葡萄果皮脂肪酸组分中,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主,而不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸和亚麻酸为主。(3)葡萄果实脂肪酸含量随葡萄发育先增加后下降,花后15周创伤处理后的葡萄脂肪酸含量波动较大,花后17周茉莉酸甲酯处理后24h葡萄脂肪酸含量显著升高。     

铝胁迫对水稻膜脂组分和含量的影响

以‘日本晴’水稻为试验材料,研究铝胁迫对水稻幼苗生长的影响,及铝胁迫下其根系和功能叶片中脂质含量及组分的变化。结果表明Al处理显著抑制了水稻根尖的伸长和生长,降低了植株的生物量以及叶绿素含量。铝胁迫后,半乳糖脂含量变化显著,根和叶中的单半乳糖甘油二酯(MGDG)和双半乳糖甘油二酯(DGDG)含量均降低;而磷脂(PL)及硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(SQDG)的含量在根中表现为上升,在叶中则显著降低。此外,根和叶中的脂肪酸不饱和度均降低。由此可见,铝胁迫引起水稻膜脂组分和含量的变化,这种变化可能是铝抑制植物生长的重要原因之一。     

冷害对贮藏油桃膜脂脂肪酸及相关酶活性的影响

以秦光2号油桃为试材,研究了1℃和5℃贮藏温度下油桃果实的膜脂脂肪酸及相关酶活性的变化.结果表明:油桃果实的SOD、CAT和APX活性在冷害发生后迅速下降;冷害果实的相对膜透性和MDA含量显著高于对照;冷害促使油桃果实LOX活性的增强,使棕榈酸相对含量高于对照,油酸、亚麻酸相对含量低于对照,降低了膜脂脂肪酸的不饱和指数.     

采后菠菜叶片失水萎蔫对膜透性及膜脂过氧化作用的影响

本文分析了菠菜叶片失水萎蔫时叶绿素、相对含水量、膜透性及膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的变化,结果表明:叶片萎蔫衰老时随着相对含水量的降低,叶绿素含量减少,膜透性和丙二醛含量增大;并且随萎蔫程度加深,膜透性与丙二醛含量也明显增加.这说明菠菜叶片失水萎蔫与膜结构完整性的破坏有密切的关系。     

高温对小麦乙烯和乙烷释放的影响及其与脂氧合酶活性的关系

小麦幼叶经高温处理后ＬＯＸ活性与乙烯释放增加,两者均在４０℃达最大值,然后逐渐下降;乙烷在４５℃下才稍有增加,达最大值时的温度与半致死温度相同,约为５０℃。衰老叶片当处理温度高于３０℃时,ＬＯＸ活性与乙烯释放均下降,而乙烷在４０℃即有明显增加。自由基清除剂预处理相同程度在抑制ＬＯＸ活性与乙烯形成。高温条件下小麦叶片乙烷释放与Ｐａｒａｑｕａｔ诱发的乙烷产生似乎存在不同的机制。     

发菜膜脂及其脂肪酸组成

对野生发菜(Nostocflagelliforme Bom.et Flab)的膜脂(主要成分为类囊体膜脂)及其脂肪酸组成进行了测定分析.发菜的膜脂由单半乳糖甘油二酯(MGDG)、双半乳糖甘油二酯(DGDG)、磷酯酰甘油(PG)和硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(SQDG)组成,其酯酰基连接有棕榈酸(16:0)、十六碳烯酸(16:1)、硬脂酸(18:0)、油酸(18:1)、亚油酸(18:2)和亚麻酸(18:3)6种脂肪酸.发菜的不饱和脂肪酸含量可达总脂的73%,特别是16:1和18:3分别高达29%和34%,远远高于已报道的其他蓝藻,说明了发菜类囊体膜具有较强的抗逆性特点.同时还对复水30 min和复水后生长24 h的发菜膜脂及其脂肪酸组成进行了分析.结果表明,复水对野生发菜的膜脂及其脂肪酸组成没有显著影响,说明发菜的膜脂和脂肪酸组成在干燥-吸水过程中能保持很高的稳定性.     

发菜膜脂及其脂肪酸组成

对野生发菜（Ｎｏｓｔｏｃ ｆｌａｇｅｌｌｉｆｏｒｍｅ Ｂｏｒｎ．ｅｔ Ｆｌａｈ）的膜脂（主要成分为类囊体膜脂）及其脂肪酸组成进行了测定分析。发菜的膜脂由单半乳糖甘油二酯（ＭＧＤＧ）、双半乳糖甘油三酯（ＤＧＤＧ）、磷酯酰甘油（ＰＧ）和硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯（ＳＱＤＧ）组成,其酯酰基连接有棕榈酸（１６：０）、十六碳烯酸（１６：１）、硬脂酸（１８：０）、油酸（１８：１）、亚油酸（１８：２）和亚麻酸（１８：     

Distinguishing Features of Fatty Acid Content and Composition in Total Lipids of Malusorientalis Uglitzk. Pericarp

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Composition and content of fatty acids were examined in total lipids of pericarpic tissues in the oriental wild apple (Malus orientalis Uglitzk.) grown in...     

生物膜脂及脂肪酸的分析方法评述

膜脂是生物膜的基本骨架,膜蛋白是膜功能的主要体现者。生物膜脂研究是生物膜研究的一个重要组成部分。结合近几年来的新进展,从生物膜脂的分离和脂肪酸的分析角度出发,综合评述了应用于脂类物质分析的TLC、GC、HPLC、CE为代表的主要分析方法,以及CE-MS、HPLC-MS在脂类物质分析中的应用前景。     

Drought Effects on Membrane Lipids and Photosynthetic Activity in Different Peanut Cultivars

The effects of drought on thylakoid acyl lipid composition, photosynthetic capacity (P _max), and electrolyte lekage were evaluated in two-months-old peanut cultivars (57-422, 73-30, GC 8-35) growing in a glasshouse. For lipid studies, plants were submitted to three treatments by withholding irrigation: control (C), mild water stress (S1), and severe water stress (S2). Concerning membrane and photosynthetic capacity stability, drought was imposed by polyethylene glycol (PEG 600). In the cv. 73-30 a sharp decrease in the content of thylakoid acyl lipids was observed, already under S1 conditions, whereas cv. 57-422 was strongly affected only under S2. Cv. GC 8-35 had the lowest content of acyl lipids under control conditions, a significant increase under S1 conditions, and only under S2 a decrease occurred. Thus concerning lipid stability, cv. 73-30 was the most sensitive. Among lipid classes, phospholipids and galactolipids were similarly affected, as was MGDG relatively to DGDG. Water deficit imposed by PEG induced a higher increase in electrolyte leakage in cv. 73-30 than in the other cvs. A positive relationship between acyl lipid concentration and membrane integrity was found in all studied cvs. A positive association between acyl lipid concentration, membrane integrity, and P _max was found in the cvs. 57-422 and 73-30.     

逆境对真菌膜脂肪酸成分的影响

利用气相色谱对真菌膜脂肪酸在逆境下的变化进行研究,发现低温胁迫时膜上的不饱和脂肪酸较多,低碳源浓度、低氧浓度和高盐浓度胁迫时,膜上不饱和脂肪酸的含量反而出现降低。表明不同逆境胁迫时,真菌中膜的脂肪酸含量不一样。     

Effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol on trichomonads and Entamoeba invadens

• 1.1. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) in substrate level concentrations (200 μM-1 mM) temporarily inhibits H₂ production by Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis as well as the accumulation of metronidazole, dependent on its reduction by the two trichomonad species and by Entamoeba invadens.
• 2.2. 2,4-DNP competes for the reducing equivalents which are necessary for H₂ production or for the reduction of metronidazole, thereby inhibiting these processes. 2,4-DNP is reduced to 2-amino, 4-nitrophenol.
• 3.3. 2,4-DNP in concentrations up to 800 μM has no effect on the uptake of O₂ by these organisms.
• 4.4. 2,4-DNP has some toxicity for T. foetus.

     

Effects of Salicylic Acid on Heavy Metal-Induced Membrane Deterioration Mediated by Lipoxygenase in Rice

Deterioration of membranes caused by lipoxygenase (LOX) activity under 10 μM PbCl₂ or 10 μM HgCl₂ was partially alleviated by the exogenous application of 100 μM salicylic acid (SA). In two cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L. cvs. Ratna and IR 36), the presence of SA ameliorated the increased leakage of electrolytes, injury index, and the content of malondialdehyde caused by these heavy metals. Lead decreased H₂O₂ content whereas Hg increased it in both cultivars. Application of SA increased H₂O₂ in presence of Pb, while decreased it in presence of Hg. Both Pb and Hg decreased superoxide dismutase activity, while increased peroxidase activity. The activity of catalase was decreased by Hg but increased by Pb and SA reversed their effects. Thus, SA ameliorated the damaging effects of Pb and Hg on membranes. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.