甜菜夜蛾人工饲料及饲养技术研究

研究了人工继代繁殖甜菜夜蛾饲料配方及饲养方法 ,测定了各虫态发育历期、幼虫死亡率、化蛹率、羽化率、蛹畸形率及不同世代蛹重。采用改进的饲料配方饲养的深圳种群 ,第 2代幼虫死亡率、化蛹率、蛹畸形率、羽化率分别为 7 8% ,97 3 % ,2 7%和 93 8% ,第 2 ,5 ,9,1 2代平均单头蛹重分别为 1 1 9 7± 1 6 1 ,98 3± 1 1 4,94 3± 1 2 6和 82 4± 9 6mg,平均单雌产卵量分别为 1 1 3 7 2± 63 3 ,684 5± 5 3 7,45 6 9± 40 2和 3 91 7± 45 6粒。人工饲养的甜菜夜蛾 ,卵、幼虫、蛹、雌性成虫的发育历期分别为 2 5～3 5 ,1 0～ 1 2 5 ,7～ 8 5和 8～ 1 4天 ,完成一个世代需要 2 1～ 2 5天。     

斜纹夜蛾的人工饲养技术

本文介绍一种斜纹夜蛾的人工饲养技术 ,室内连续饲养斜纹夜蛾 7代 ,平均蛹重达 4 0 6mg ,化蛹率、羽化率均为 90 %以上 ,该饲养方法可用于室内大量饲养斜纹夜蛾。     

同翅目昆虫人工饲料饲养技术

本文从人工饲料的组成与类型、饲养方法及饲养结果等方面总结了同翅目昆虫人工饲料饲养技术的研究现状 ,并简要讨论了其存在的问题和改进方法。     

草地贪夜蛾室内人工饲料群体饲养技术

制备和评价草地贪夜蛾的人工饲料配方,为草地贪夜蛾室内批量养殖和生物学研究奠定基础。以自制夜蛾饲料为基础配方(配方Ⅰ),设定3种不同配方(配方Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ)的人工饲料喂食草地贪夜蛾,在饲养条件为温度26℃±0.5℃、相对湿度65%±5%、光周期L∶D=16 h∶8 h的养虫室中进行批量饲养,以成活率、历期和各龄期虫体重量作为评价指标,确定草地贪夜蛾饲养的最佳饲料配方。配置的4种饲料中,配方Ⅲ(黄豆粉125 g,玉米粉225 g,酵母粉40 g,琼脂30 g,干酪素20 g,胆固醇0.6 g,肌醇0.1 g,山梨酸6 g,氯化胆碱3 g,复合维生素7 g,对羟基本甲酸甲酯7.5 g和蒸馏水1500 mL)饲养草地贪夜蛾成活率最高83.3%,历期最短27.8 d,单雌产卵量最多452粒。常用的夜蛾饲料经改进后配制的饲料均可作为室内草地贪夜蛾的饲养,其中以配方Ⅲ饲料最适宜。     

甜菜夜蛾人工饲养技术优化

研究了甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua( Hübner)不同人工饲养方法对其生长发育的生物学指标的影响.结果表明,蜡纸和白纸对成虫日落卵量和卵孵化率没有显著差异.环境相对湿度为60％和80％时,卵的孵化率较高,分别为94.41％和98.25％,显著高于湿度为40％时的孵化率.以7日龄幼虫重、幼虫历期、幼虫成活...     

草地贪夜蛾室内人工饲养技术的研究

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是一种跨国迁飞性农业重大害虫,目前已入侵我国24个省并对多种农作物造成严重危害。研发草地贪夜蛾标准化饲养技术对开展其防控技术研究及生物学相关基础研究至关重要。通过对草地贪夜蛾室内饲养,从饲养器皿、人工饲料组分、饲养方法及流程、注意事项等方面总结了一套简便实用、长期规模化饲养的标准饲养技术。已利用该标准饲养技术连续饲养草地贪夜蛾5代,其各项生命指标仍保持较高水平。该饲料配方和饲养技术适合草地贪夜蛾的规模化饲养,同时也为其它夜蛾科害虫规模化饲养提供参考。     

草地贪夜蛾人工饲料及饲养条件的优化

改良草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E Smith)人工饲料配方及优化饲养条件,为草地贪夜蛾室内批量饲养奠定基础。利用不同人工饲料配方及制作工艺、不同温湿条件、对草地贪夜蛾进行群体饲养,研究其对草地贪夜蛾生长发育及繁殖的影响,并开展不同产卵介质对草地贪夜蛾成虫产卵量及卵孵化率的影响。结果显示,在温度27℃±0.5℃、相对湿度70%±5%、光周期L∶D=16 h∶8 h的人工气候箱中,采用饲料配方4进行幼虫群体饲养的效果最好,其发育历期最短,仅为27.1 d,幼虫存活率高达83.8%,化蛹率为91.2%,雌雄性比为1∶1.08,单雌产卵量为836粒。另外,草地贪夜蛾幼虫最喜食加热20 min的饲料,成虫于粉色塑料纸上产卵量最大。该饲料配方非常适宜草地贪夜蛾室内饲养,优化的饲养条件也为其室内规模化饲养提供参考。     

适合三种鳞翅目昆虫的一种人工饲料配方

【目的】昆虫的人工饲养是昆虫学研究和害虫防治技术研究的重要基础,开发一种适用于多种昆虫的人工饲料将大大减少昆虫饲养的成本,提高工作效率。【方法】本研究以美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea(Drury)为初试昆虫,通过两次正交试验开发出一种适合饲养美国白蛾、斜纹夜蛾Prodenia litura(Fabricius)和舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar(L.)3种多食性昆虫的人工饲料配方。【结果】该配方的成分和比例为:麦胚(12%)、蔗糖(2%)、酪蛋白(4.5%)、琼脂(1.5%)、氯化胆碱(0.05%)、韦氏盐(1.0%)、山梨酸(0.4%)、对羟基苯甲酸(0.25%)、抗坏血酸(0.5%)、范氏维生素B(0.003%)、胆固醇(0.1%)和肌醇(0.035%)。【结论】该配方饲养3种昆虫在幼虫历期、蛹重、成蛹率和羽化率等各项指标均表现优良。本研究的试验方法和配方将会为其他多食性昆虫人工饲料的开发提供借鉴。     

利用人工饲料养蚜虫的技术

对利用人工饲料饲养蚜虫的方法、人工饲料类型及其组成做了介绍．概述了利用人工饲料饲养蚜虫的效果．并结合献报道和作本人经历．讨论了影响蚜虫人工饲料饲养效果的关键因子及改进方法。     

大螟人工饲养技术的初步研究

利用大豆粉、玉米粉、麦胚和鲜茭白等成分配制了大螟Sesamia inferens(Walker)的半合成人工饲料,利用该饲料配方,发展了大螟的长期、继代饲养技术,即初孵-2日龄幼虫在茭白上饲养,3日龄-化蛹在人工饲料上饲养。利用该方法连续饲养大螟3代,幼虫的发育历期、蛹重、幼虫存活率、化蛹率、羽化率、卵孵化率和单雌产卵量等生活史参数与在天然饲料茭白上饲养的大螟相比,二者没有任何显著差异。而且利用该方法饲养,成本低、省工省力,能显著减少病原菌的感染。这说明该饲养技术适于大螟种群的长期、继代饲养。     

二化螟人工饲养技术

二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)是我国水稻上的重要害虫,为促进其防控技术研究,迫切需要建立二化螟标准化饲养技术。根据二化螟对关键营养成分的需求,研制了一种适合其生长发育、存活和繁殖的人工饲料配方,并发展了其长期、继代、规模化饲养的标准饲养技术。已用该饲料配方和饲养技术连续饲养二化螟69代,其适合度指标仍保持较高水平。该饲料配方和饲养技术适合二化螟的周年继代和规模化饲养,同时也为其它寡食性昆虫人工饲料的研制与开发提供借鉴和参考。     

Evaluation of neemAzadirachta indica seed extracts and oils as oviposition deterrents to noctuid moths

Applications of three concentrations of oil-free neem seed extracts (Azadirachta indica A. Juss; Meliaceae) to cabbage plants in cages did not deter oviposition by individuals of three species of noctuid moths,Trichoplusia ni, Peridroma saucia, andSpodoptera litura. The concentrations used corresponded to 10, 50, and 100 ppm of the main active ingredient, azadirachtin. The total number of eggs laid per female, female longevity, and median day of oviposition were not affected. Sprays of the neem oil-based insecticide Margosan-O ^R , and a 1% aqueous emulsion of a refined neem seed oil similarly had no effect on any of the parameters studied. However, a 1% crude oil emulsion significantly reduced the proportion of eggs laid byS. litura on treated plants. Our results suggest that literature reports of significant neem-based oviposition deterrence toS. litura are the result of compounds that are removed by higher levels of processing and thus not likely to be found in most commercial neem seed formulations. Sprays consisting of highly processed neem seed extracts, used at concentrations that provide larval control, are unlikely to be generally effective as oviposition deterrents to noctuid pests.     

二化螟人工饲料研究初报

在温度为(29±1)℃,相对湿度为80%~90%的条件下,分别以3种人工饲料和天然饲料(新鲜水稻茎杆)对二化螟Chilo suppressalisWalker进行连续继代饲养。结果表明,3种人工饲料饲养的二化螟幼虫的生长历期、化蛹率、蛹重、蛹期及羽化率等均与天然饲料的基本接近,而且这3种人工饲料配制简便、成本较低,也不易霉变,是3种较为理想的人工饲料。通过第2代和第3代的继代繁殖表明,3种人工饲料和天然饲料饲养的二化螟的发育情况都稍有下降,但3种人工饲料与天然饲料间不存在显著差异。     

In VitroRearing ofTrichogramma minutumRiley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for Ten Generations, with Quality Assessment Comparisons ofin Vitroandin VivoReared Adults

Trichogramma minutumRiley were reared for 10 generations on an artificial diet containing a yeast extract, FreeAmine III, nonfat dry milk, chicken egg yolk, chicken embryo extract, andManduca sexta(L.) egg liquid. Quality control parameters, including adult longevity, sex ratio, pupation rate, percentage of pupae to emerge as adults, adult female body length, number ofHelicoverpa zea(Boddie) eggs parasitized by a female, and percentage of deformed females were assessed and compared to insects rearedin vivoon irradiatedH. zeaeggs. The development time was longer forin vitroreared insects, but there were more deformed females in thein vitroculture. The sex ratio, however, was generally not significantly different between thein vitroandin vivocultures. Thein vitroreared females generally were larger, lived longer, and parasitized moreH. zeaeggs. Emergence of adults was in excess of 75% in all but the firstin vitrogeneration and was generally not significantly different from adult emergence in thein vivoculture. These findings will be of value in the development of a practical system forin vitromass rearing ofTrichogrammafor use in biological control.     

Influence of predator density,diet and living substrate on developmental fitness of Orius laevigatus

Mass rearing of Orius laevigatus on non‐insect foods could substantially increase the cost‐effectiveness of the production of this biological control agent which is largely based on the use of expensive eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella. In this study, the effect of substrate quality and predator density on nymphal development of O. laevigatus fed on E. kuehniella eggs, honeybee pollen or an egg yolk based artificial diet was assessed using several types of substrates as shelter materials in the rearing containers (wax paper, bean pod or no extra substrate). In general, E. kuehniella eggs proved to be a nutritionally superior food compared to pollen and artificial diet. Pollen supported nymphal development of O. laevigatus better than the artificial diet. Overall, increasing nymphal density resulted in higher mortality, which may be due in part to cannibalism. The addition of a bean pod compensated for the nutritionally suboptimal artificial, but had a negative effect when O. laevigatus was fed on pollen. The non‐insect foods tested could not adequately replace lepidopteran eggs as a food source for O. laevigatus but they may be useful as an alternative food or in a part of the rearing process.