721. MASSONIA BIFOLIA

The history, ecology, pollination biology and distribution of Massonia bifolia (Jacq.) J.C. Manning & Goldblatt. (= Whiteheadia bifolia (Jacq.) Baker) are given, and its position in the tribe Massonieae is briefly discussed. Cultivation notes are provided.     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 25. New taxa and combinations in Cyperus L.

Four new subgenera, nineteen new species, two new subspecies and two new varieties of Cyperus L. are described, viz. subgen. Aristomariscus Lye, subgen. Bulbomariscus Lye, subgen. Xerocyperus Lye, subgen. Micromariscus Lye, Cyperus micromariscus Lye, C. boreochrysocephalus Lye, C. crassivaginatus Lye, C. kyllingaeformis Lye, C. cremeomariscus Lye, C. gigantobulbes Lye, C. boreobellus Lye, C. longi–involucralus Lye, C. kwaleensis Lye, C. afrovaricus Lye, C. afrodunensis Lye, C flavoculmis Lye, C microumbellatus Lye, C. purpureoviridis Lye, C. graciliculmis Lye, C. afromon–tanus Lye, C. nyererei Lye, C. afroalpinus Lye, C castaneobellus Lye, C. soyauxii Boeck. ssp. pallescens Lye, C. usitatus Burch. ssp. palmatus Lye, C. renschii Boeck. var. scabridus Lye, and C. fischerianus A. Rich. var. ugandensis Lye. The following new combinations are made: Cyperus L. subgen. Bulbocaulis (C.B.C1.) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Courtoisia (Nees) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Sorostachys (Steudel) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Remirea (Aublet) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Alinula (Raynal) Lye, Cyperus lipocarphoides (Kükenth.) Lye, C. malawicus (Raynal) Lye, C. tanganyica–nus (Kiikenth.) Lye, C. mortonii (Hooper) Lye, C. pseudodiaphanus (Hooper) Lye, C. overlaetii (Hooper & Raynal) Lye, C. dewildeorum (Raynal) Lye, C. pagotii (Raynal) Lye, C. demangei (Raynal) Lye, C. afroechinatus Lye, C. niveus Retz. var. ledermannii (Kiikenth.) Lye, C. niveus Retz. var. tisserantii (Cherm.) Lye, C. distans L.f. ssp. longibracteatus (Cherm.) Lye, C. distans L.f. ssp. longibracteatus (Cherm.) Lye, var. rubrotinctus (Cherm.) Lye, C. cyperoides (L.) Kuntze ssp. alternifolius (Vahl) Lye, C. cyperoides (L.) Kuntze ssp. macrocarpus (Kunth) Lye, C. cyperoides (L.) Kuntze ssp. pseudoflavus (Clarke) Lye, C. dubius Rottb. ssp. macrocephalus (Kiikenth.) Lye, C. dubius Rottb. ssp. coloratus (Vahl) Lye, C. usitatus Burch. var. stuhlmannii (Clarke) Lye, C. laxus Lam. ssp. sylvestris (Ridley) Lye, and C. laxus Lam. ssp. buchholzii (Boeck.) Lye and C. globifer (Clarke) Lye.     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 27. Miscellaneous new taxa and combinations

One new form of Fuirena Rottb., one new subspecies of Schoenoplectus Palla and one new variety of Carex L. are described from East Africa, viz. Fuirena leptostachya Oliv. f. nudiflora Lye, Schoenoplectus lateriflorus (Gmel.) Lye ssp. laevinux Lye and Carex bequaertii De Wild. var. maxima Lye. In addition, the following new combinations are made: Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb. f. apetala (Wingfield) Lye, F. stricta Steudel ssp. chlorocarpa (Ridley) Lye, Schoenoplectus rhodesicus (Podlech) Lye, 5. corymbosus (Roem. & Schult.) J. Rayn. var. brachyceras (A. Rich.) Lye, S. confusus (N.E. Br.) Lye var. rogersii (N.E. Br.) Lye, S. erectus (Poiret) J. Rayn, ssp. raynalii (Schuyler) Lye, S. erectus (Poiret) J. Rayn. ssp. sinuatus (Schuyler) Lye, Eleocharis retroflexa (Poiret) Urban ssp. subtilissima (Nelmes) Lye, Machaerina Vahl subgen. Baumea (Gaud.) Lye, Machaerina flexuosa (Bock.) Kern ssp. laevinux (J. Rayn.) Lye, M. montana (J. Rayn.) Lye, M. flexuosa (Böck.) Kern ssp. polyanthemum (Kük.) Lye, Scleria lagoënsis Böck. ssp. canaliculato–triquetra (Böck.) Lye, 5. distans Poiret var. glomerulata (Oliv.) Lye, S. distans Poiret var. chondrocarpa (Nelmes) Lye, S. melanotricha A. Rich. var. grata (Nelmes) Lye, Carex echinochloë Kunze ssp. nyasensis (C. B. Clarke) Lye, C. conferta A. Rich. var. lycurus (K. Schum.) Lye, C. cognata Kunth var. abyssinica (Chiov.) Lye and C. cognata Kunth var. congolensis (Turrill) Lye.     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 26. New taxa and combinations in Abildgaardia Vahl III

Two new species and three new subspecies of Abildgaardia are described from East Africa, viz. Abildgaardia afroorientalis Lye, A. microcarpa Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. halophila Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. intermedia Lye, and A. densa (Wall.) Lye ssp. afromontana Lye. Thirteen new combinations are made, viz. A. erratica (Hook, f.) Lye, A. heterostachya (Cherm.) Lye, A. oligostachys (A. Rich.) Lye, A. striaiella (C. B. CI.) Lye, A. wallichiana (Schultes) Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. filiformis (C. B. CI.) Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. brachyphylla (Cherm.) Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. pyriformis (Lye) Lye, A. pusilla (A. Rich.) Lye ssp. yalingensis (Cherm.) Lye, A. pusilla (A. Rich.) Lye ssp. congolensis (De Wild.) Lye, A. coleotricha (A. Rich.) Lye var. miegii (Bodard) Lye, A. erratica (Hook, f.) Lye ssp. schoenoides (Kunth) Lye, and A. boeckeleriana (Schweinf.) Lye var. transiens (K. Schum.) Lye.     

Systematics and conservation genetics of Dactylorhiza majalis ssp. elatior (Orchidaceae) on Gotland

A tall allotetraploid member of the Dactylorhiza incarnata/maculata complex with unspotted leaves and large pinkish flowers from the island of Gotland in the Baltic was examined for molecular variation patterns at five nuclear microsatellite loci, nuclear ITS and in plastid haplotypes. The allotetraploid was well separated from allopatric allotetraploids of similar appearance, including the western European D. majalis ssp. integrata (syn. D. praetermissa) and forms of D. majalis ssp. lapponica from mainland Sweden. It also differed from other allotetraploids distributed in the Baltic Sea region, including D. majalis ssp. baltica and D. majalis ssp. lapponica. It is here recognized as D. majalis ssp. elatior (Fr.) Hedrén & H. A. Pedersen. Dactylorhiza osiliensis Pikner, described from Saaremaa (Estonia) is regarded as a synonym. The distribution covers Gotland, Saaremaa and possibly Hiiumaa. Dactylorhiza majalis ssp. elatior may have one or several recent origins within its present distribution area, and it contains no other molecular markers than those found in the parental D. incarnata var. incarnata and D. maculata ssp. fuchsii in the same area. It appears to have weak barriers towards secondary hybridization with its parental lineages. The situation is reminiscent to that of other young allotetraploids in the D. majalis s.l. complex, suggesting that introgression may be an underestimated process explaining the accumulation of genetic diversity in evolving allopolyploid plants.     

Comparative analysis of C-band karyotypes inCrepis praemorsa subsp.praemorsa and subsp.dinarica

Crepis incarnata subsp.dinarica (G. Beck)Hayek is nowadays considered as a subspecies ofC. praemorsa (L.)Tausch. Comparative analyses of Feulgen karyotypes demonstrate great similarities, but remarkable differences in the presence and the distribution of the constitutive heterochromatin in the two taxa are detected by using the Giemsa differential staining technique (C-banding). This favours their specific distinctness.     

Allocation to reproduction following experimental defoliation in Platanthera bifolia (Orchidaceae)

The roles of herbivory and pollination success in plant reproduction have frequently been examined, but interactions between these two factors have gained much less attention. In three field experiments, we examined whether artificial defoliation affects allocation to attractiveness to pollinators, pollen production, female reproductive success and subsequent growth in Platanthera bifolia L. (Rich.). We also recorded the effects of inflorescence size on these variables. We studied the effects of defoliation on reproductive success of individual flowers in three sections of inflorescence. Defoliation and inflorescence size did not have any negative effects on the proportion of opened flowers, spur length, nectar production or the weight of pollinia. However, we found that hand-pollination increased relative seed production and defoliation decreased seed set in most cases. Interactions between hand-pollination and defoliation were non-significant indicating that defoliation did not affect female reproductive success indirectly via decreased pollinator attraction. Plants with a large inflorescence produced relatively more seeds than plants with a small inflorescence only after hand-pollination. The negative effect of defoliation on relative capsule production was most clearly seen in the upper sections of the inflorescence. In addition to within season effects of leaf removal, defoliated P. bifolia plants may also have decreased lifetime fitness as a result of lower seed set within a season and because of a lower number of reproductive events due to decreased plant size (leaf area) following defoliation. Our study thus shows that defoliation by herbivores may crucially affect reproductive success of P. bifolia.     

Additions to the lichen family Pannariaceae in Ecuador

Collections from high altitudes (3840–5100 m a.s.l.) have added several species to the Pannariaceae of Ecuador: Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Pannaria hookeri, Psoroma paleaceum and Psoroma tenue are new to the Andes, and phytogeographic consequences of these are discussed. The following new taxa are described: Parmeliella corallina P. M. Jørg. & Palice, Parmeliella psoromoides P. M. Jørg. & Palice, Psoroma cinnamomeum ssp. andinum P. M. Jørg. & Palice and Santessoniella macrospora P. M. Jørg. & Palice. They are part of a high‐andean element which is not well known and is indicative of a migration route between the polar regions. In addition, two species with associated cyanobacteria, as the primary or secondary symbiont, are reported for the first time from South America: Thelignya lignyota (Wahlenb.) P. M. Jørg. & Henssen and Pilophorus cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr, both originating from the Northern Hemisphere.     

Unmasking cryptic species: morphometric and phylogenetic analyses of the Ibero‐North African Linaria incarnata complex

Linaria incarnata has been treated as a widely distributed Ibero‐North African species in the latest taxonomic reviews. Morphological and phylogenetic disparity between populations of this species has been previously reported. Here we present new morphological and phylogenetic evidence for the disintegration of L. incarnata into three distinct species: L. incarnata from the western Iberian Peninsula; L . mamorensis sp. nov. from north‐western Morocco; and L. onubensis from south‐western Spain. The relatively poor morphological differentiation between these taxa (which can be regarded as cryptic species) and their distinct phylogenetic positions indicate that characters of the L. incarnata morphotype have been acquired multiple times in the evolution of Linaria section Versicolores. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 00, 000–000.     

Sulla cariologia del Genere Carlina L.

Riassunto

L'A. ha studiato i cariogrammi di 6 specie italiane del genere Carlina L. (C. gummifera Less. var. Fontanesii (DC.) Fiori, C. acaulis L. var. alpina (Jacq.) Fiori, C. acanthifolia All., C. lanata L., C. vulgaris L., C. carymbosa L.).

Il corredo cromosomico è 2n = 20 per tutte le specie. Per la presenza di un gruppo di cromosomi della lunghezza superiore a 4 μ nelle specie a grossi capolini, si rende possibile distinguere auche cariologicamente nel genere Carlina L. due sezioni, corrispondenti alla possibile distinzione morfologica delle Carline in Macrocefale (C. gummifera Less. var. Fontanesii (DC) Fiori, C. acaulis L. var. alpina (Jacq.) Fiori, C. acanthifolia All., C. latana L.) e Microcefale (C. vulgaris L. e C. eorymbosa L.).     

Beitrag zur systematik vonScilla L. subgen.Scilla (inklusiveChionodoxa Boiss.)

Zusammenfassung Die vonBoissier aufgestellte GattungChionodoxa wird auf Grund samenanatomischer und karyologischer Befunde eingezogen. Ihre nahe Verwandtschaft mitScilla bifolia agg. konnte aufgezeigt werden. Die wesentlichen Unterschiede derScilla bifolia- Gruppe (inklusiveChionodoxa-Arten) zu anderen Gruppen myrmekochorerScilla-Arten sowie zuPuschkinia undHyacinthus wurden dargelegt.Folgende neue Kombinationen werden aufgestellt:Scilla luciliae (Boiss.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla cretica (Boiss. &Heldr.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla nana (Schult. fil.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla sardensis (Barr &Sugden)Speta comb. nova,Scilla siehei (Stapf)Speta comb. nova,Scilla×allenii (Nicholson)Speta comb. nova.Weiters wurden die Chromosomenzahlen für einigeScilla- Arten überprüft und dabei fürScilla bifolia neben der bekannten diploiden auch die tetraploide Zahl 2n=36 aufgefunden.

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Summary The genusChionodoxa set up byBoissier is withdrawn due to seedanatomical and caryological statements and its species are incorporated intoScilla L. The close affinity between formerChionodoxa-species andScilla bifolia agg. could be demonstrated. The essential differences between theScilla bifolia group (including the formerChionodoxa species) and other groups of myrmecochorousScilla species,Puschkinia andHyacinthus were shown. The following new combinations are set up:Scella luciliae (Boiss.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla cretica (Boiss. &Heldr.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla nana (Schult. fil.)Speta comb. nova,Scilla sardensis (Barr &Sugden)Speta comb. nova,Scilla siehei (Stapf)Speta comb. nova,Scilla×allenii (Nicholson)Speta comb. nova.Furthermore the chromosome numbers of someScilla species were checked, and inScilla bifolia L. besides the known diploid number the tetraploid number 2n=36 was discovered.

     

A morphometric study on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anthyllis vulneraria</Emphasis> (Fabaceae) from Poland and its taxonomic implications

The paper presents results of morphometric analysis of Anthyllis vulneraria L. in Poland based on 828 herbarium specimens. This study investigates five taxa which have been recognized in Poland: Anthyllis vulneraria L. ssp. vulneraria, Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. polyphylla (DC.) Nyman, A. vulneraria ssp. maritima (Schweigg.) Corb., A. vulneraria ssp. alpestris Asch. et Graebn. and A. vulneraria ssp. carpatica (Pant.) Nyman as well as three intermediate taxa of presumably hybrid origin. Multivariate statistical analyses of 12 quantitative and 10 qualitative characteristics revealed conspicuous variation within A. vulneraria. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), correspondence analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA) proved the taxonomic usefulness of quantitative characteristics such as number of rosette leaves, calyx length, inflorescence length, the ratio of leaf length/width, bract length as well as qualitative characteristics such as stem hairiness, calyx colour, calyx indumentum, distances between stem leaves and form of rosette leaves. The issues concerning intermediate morphotypes occurring in Poland and their status are discussed. Finally, a key for determination of taxa within A. vulneraria in Poland and distribution maps based on the material examined are provided.     

云南被子植物8个省级分布新记录种北大核心CSCD

首次报道了云南省被子植物的8个省级分布新记录种,分别为三白草科的白苞裸蒴(Gymnotheca involucrata C.Pei)、金虎尾科的花江盾翅藤(Aspidopterys esquirolii H.Lév.)、豆科的柱序杭子梢(Campylotropis teretiracemosa P.C.Li&C.J.Chen)、石竹科的四川卷耳(Cerastium szechuense F.N.Williams)、报春花科的齿萼报春[Primula odontocalyx(Franch.)Pax],苦苣苔科的白花大苞苣苔[Anna ophiorrhizoides(Hemsl.)B.L.Burtt&R.A.Davidson]、唇形科的石荠苎[Mosla scabra(Thunb.)C.Y.Wu&H.W.Li]和菊科的华漏芦[Rhaponticum chinense(S.Moore)L.Martins&Hidalgo];凭证标本保存于云南大学植物标本馆(YUKU)。     

A Scanning Electron Microscopy Survey of Some Maydeae Pollen

Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the wall sculpturing of pollen from Zea mays L. ssp. mays (maize), Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Schrad.) Iltis (teosinte), Zea perennis (Hitchc.) Reeves and Mangelsdorf (perennial teosinte), and two species of Tripsacum L. The Zea taxa are shown to possess similar pollen types, with spinules scattered regularly over the exine surface. Tripsacum exhibits a distinctly reticuloid pattern, with spinules clumped into isolated lacunae. Hybrids between Zea and Tripsacum are either intermediate in exine pattern or similar to Tripsacum, depending on the genome combination.     

DNA contents,giemsa banding,and systematics inScilla bifolia,S. drunensis,andS. vindobonensis (Liliaceae)

DNA contents have been determined cytophotometrically in the three Central European, relatedScilla speciesS. bifolia (2n = 18, 2 x, 1 C = 6.2 pg),S. drunensis (2n = 36, 4 x, 1 C = 12.8 pg), andS. vindobonensis (2n = 18, 2 x, 1 C = 9.4 pg). The tetraploid speciesS. drunensis contains twice as much DNA as the diploidS. bifolia. However, the diploid speciesS. vindobonensis differs in DNA content fromS. bifolia by a factor of about 1.5. This difference is largely due to euchromatic DNA, although the higher DNA content inS. vindobonensis is combined with higher heterochromatin content. The data indicate thatS. bifolia andS. drunensis on the one hand, andS. vindobonensis on the other hand are phyletically well separated. Previous taxonomic conclusions from morphology as well as C-banding are thus corroborated.Evolution ofScilla and Related Genera, V.     

Ergänzende Bemerkungen zur Kenntnis vonArnebia Forssk

Zusammenfassung Arnebia purpurascens (A.Rich.)Baker wird ausführlicher beschrieben, als dies in der bisherigen Literatur geschah.Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I. M.Johnst., die zur UntergattungMacrotomia (DC. exMeisn.) H.Riedl, stat. nov., zu rechnen ist, wird in drei Unterarten geteilt, nämlich ssp.euchroma, ssp.grandis H.Riedl, ssp. n. aus Südwestpersien und ssp.caespitosa Rech. f. etRiedl, ssp. n. aus Ost-Afghanistan und Chitral.Durchgeführt mit Unterstützung durch National Science Foundation Grant G 16325.     

Simultaneous RP‐HPLC‐DAD Separation,and Determination of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in Plantago L. Species

A rapid reversed‐phase (RP) high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and applied for simultaneous separation, and determination of flavonoids and phenolic acids in eight Plantago L. taxa (P. altissima L., P. argentea Chaix , P. coronopus L., P. holosteum Scop . ssp. depauperata Pilger , P. holosteum ssp. holosteum, P. holosteum ssp. scopulorum (Degen) Horvati? , P. lagopus L., and P. maritima L.) growing in Croatia. Chromatographic separation was carried out on Zorbax Eclipse XDB‐C18 using gradient elution with a H₂O (pH 2.5, adjusted with CF₃COOH) and MeCN mixture at 30°. The contents of analyzed phenolic compounds (% of the dry weight of the leaves, dw) varied among examined species: rutin (max. 0.024%, P. argentea), hyperoside (max. 0.020%, P. lagopus), quercitrin (max. 0.013%, P. holosteum ssp. holosteum), quercetin (max. 0.028%, P. holosteum ssp. scopulorum), chlorogenic acid (max. 0.115%, P. lagopus), and caffeic acid (max. 0.046%, P. coronopus). Isoquercitrin was detected only in P. argentea (0.020%), while isochlorogenic acid content was below limit of quantification in all investigated species. Multivariate analyses (UPGMA and PCA) showed significant differences in contents of investigated polyphenolic compounds between different Plantago taxa. Accordingly, investigated substances might be employed as chemotaxonomic markers in the study of the complex genus Plantago.     

Chemical Composition,Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Synergistic Properties of Essential Oils from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Seven Mediterranean Aromatic Plants

Essential oils (EOs) from Eucalyptus globulus Labill . ssp. globulus and from Mediterranean autochthonous aromatic plants – Thymus mastichina L., Mentha pulegium L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi ssp. nepeta, Cistus ladanifer L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter ssp. viscosa – were extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC‐FID and NMR spectroscopy. EOs were evaluated for antimicrobial properties against several bacterial strains, using diverse methods, namely, the agar disc‐diffusion method, the microdilution method, the crystal violet assay and the Live/Dead staining for assessment of biofilm formation. Potential synergy was assessed by a checkerboard method. EOs of R. officinalis and C. ladanifer showed a predominance in monoterpene hydrocarbons (> 60%); EOs of C. nepeta, M. pulegium, T. mastichina, E. globulus and F. vulgare were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (62 – 96%) whereas EO of D. viscosa was mainly composed of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (54%). All EOs showed antimicrobial activity; M. pulegium and E. globulus generally had the strongest antimicrobial activity. EO of C. nepeta was the most promising in hampering the biofilm formation. The combinations D. viscosa/C. nepeta and E. globulus/T. mastichina were synergistic against Staphylococcus aureus. These results support the notion that EOs from the aromatic plants herein reported should be further explored as potential pharmaceuticals and/or food preservatives.     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 20. New taxa and combinations in Pycreus Beau v.

One new species, five new subspecies and one variety of the genus Pycreus , are described from East Africa, viz. Pycreus micromelas Lye, P. sanguinolenlus (Vahl) Nees ssp. nairobiensis Lye, P. longistolon Kükenthal ssp. airofusca Lye, P. lanceolatus (Poiret) C. B. Clarke ssp. ugandensis Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. laevinux Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. microglumis Lye, and P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. var. castaneus Lye.
In addition eight new combinations are made, viz. P. alms (Turrill) Lye, P. af–rozonatus Lye, P. niger (Ruiz & Pavon) Cufod. ssp. elegantulus (Steudel) Lye, P. macrostachyos (Lam.) J. Raynal ssp. tremulus (Poiret) Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp.fallaciosus (Cherm.) Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. intermedius (Steudel) Lye, and P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. tanaënsis (Kükenthal) Lye.     

Evolution,phylogeography and taxonomy of allopolyploid Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) and its implications for conservation

This review is based on recent molecular studies of Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae). Most of the studies have focused on the allotetraploid members of the genus in general and on D. majalis ssp. lapponica in particular. It was concluded that most of the allotetraploid taxa have derived from hybridizations between the parental lineages D. maculata s.l. and D. incarnata s.l., with D. maculata s.l. serving as the seed parent. Evidence of multiple origins was found both among northern European allotetraploids as well as among Greek allotetraploids. Introgression from both parental lineages and hybridizations between independently derived polyploid lineages was also detected. The three morphologically similar taxa D. majalis ssp. traunsteineri, ssp. lapponica and ssp. russowii should be treated as one and most of the Greek allotetraploids should be regarded as regional variants of the southeastern European D. majalis ssp. cordigera. The Balkans and the Alps most probably served as refugia for the genus during the last glaciations and at least two waves of immigration reached Scandinavia. Finally, we suggest that the conservation of allotetraploid Dactylorhiza should emphasize important geographic areas and habitats and that the allopolyploids should have the same conservation status as the diploids.