宇佐美曲霉L336酸性蛋白酶的动力学性质*

L336酸性蛋白酶的分子量为54000,等电点为3．8±0．2。在pH2．5,40℃条件下,酶对酪蛋白、牛血清白蛋白和牛血红蛋白的Km值分别为0．263g／L、0．278g／L和0．415g／L,Vmax分别为2075、1550和2793μgTyr／min、mL,酪蛋白为最适底物。在pH2．0～5．0、40℃以下时酶的稳定性最好。此外,还研究了金属离子对酶活性的影响。     

宇佐美曲霉L336酸性蛋白酶的动力学性质

L336酸性蛋白酶的分子量为54000,等电点为3．8±0．2。在pH2．5,40℃条件下,酶对酪蛋白、牛血清白蛋白和牛血红蛋白的Km值分别为0．263g／L、0．278g／L和0．415g／L,Vmax分别为2075、1550和2793μgTyr／min、mL,酪蛋白为最适底物。在pH2．0～5．0、40℃以下时酶的稳定性最好。此外,还研究了金属离子对酶活性的影响。     

海枣曲霉β-木糖苷酶的提纯和性质

从海枣曲霉(Aspergillus phoenicis)麦麸培养物抽提液中。通过聚乙二醇6000-磷酸钾缓冲液双水相分离．相继用SephadexG-100凝胶过滤、DEAE—Sephadex A-50离子交换柱层析、羟基磷灰石吸附层析、DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换层析、SE—Sephadex C-50离子交换层析以及Sephadex G-50柱层析等提纯步骤,提纯到凝胶电泳均一的β-木糖苷酶。该酶的最适pH为3．5,最适温度为65 C．在pH3．5—6．5之间稳定,酶保温30分钟时的半失活温度(t1-2)为68C。酶的分子量勾95 000,等电点为4．4。Hg2-和Ag+对该酶有强烈的抑制作用。在所测定的底物中．Β-术糖苷酶仅对β-木精苷(pNP-β-Xyl)有强水解作用。其Km值为0．63mmol／L．Vmax为410 umol·min 1．Mg-1。D-木糖为β-木糖苷酶的竞争性抑制剂,其K．值为7．5mmol／L。     

荔枝果皮过氧化物酶的纯化及部分酶学性质研究

经硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose和Sephadex G-75柱层析分离,从荔枝果皮中分离提纯了过氧化物酶(POD),该酶被纯化了12．5倍,产率为1．9％。经SDS-PAGE确定为单一条带。该酶最适反应温度为35℃,对热具有较强的稳定性,经75℃处理30min,酶活性只损失50％。最适pH约为6．5,但在pH4．0—8．0范围内活力仍比较稳定。该酶在25℃和0．05mol／L磷酸缓冲液(pH7．0)条件下对愈创木酚、邻苯二酚和没食子酸的Km分别是2．75、12．4和12．8mmol／L。二硫苏糖醇和抗坏血酸能完全抑制POD活性,L-半胱氨酸、柠檬酸、FeS04、GSH、SDS和ZnS04对POD活性有一定的抑制作用,而FeCl,和CuSOt对POD则有较好的激活作用。     

短小芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的提纯和性质的研究

由短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)209产生的胞外碱性蛋白酶的粗酶制剂(5×10 4u／g),经硼砂NaOH缓冲液抽提,硫酸铵沉淀,Sephadex G一25脱盐,DEAE-纤维素柱层析,冷冻干燥获得部分纯化的酶。纯酶的活力为199x10u/g,比活力提高2,6倍。此酶的最适pH8．5—9．0,在pH6一10之间稳定,因此是属于微碱性蛋白酶“’。最适温度为50℃,在50℃以下稳定,在60℃处理10分钟活力损失95％。0.003村c丑件的存在对酶的热稳定性和pH稳定性均有显著提高。Ag+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Hg+,Zn2+ 对酶有抑制作用;Mn2+有明显的激活作用;1×10-3M的PCMB,IAA,O-PTH,PMSF对活力无影响;1×10-3M EDTA对酶有30％的抑制作用;在40℃用NBS(1×10-4M)、DFP(2．5mM)对醢进行10分钟处理,酶活力完全损失。此酶能水解多种天然蛋白,如酪蛋白、血红蛋白、蛇毒蛋白等,不水解鱼精蛋白和溶菌酶。以酪蛋白为底物测得的km值为0．66×10-2g／ml。在pH7．3进行圆盘凝胶电泳,虽然呈现九条带,但均具有大小不等的蛋白酶活力。     

分枝犁头霉a-半乳糖苷酶的纯化和性质

分枝犁头霉菌丝体球经金刚砂磨碎用水提取的粗酶液,用两种方法纯化,一是用制备垂直平板凝胶电泳;另一是经硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-200、DEAE-Sephadcx A50及羟基磷灰石等柱层析。这两种方法纯化后的样品经PACE鉴定皆为均一带,无其他糖苷酶活性。酶反应最适温室为55—60℃,在50℃保温7h,剩余活力为50％,70℃保温10min,则全部失活。最适pH为5．0,pH6．0一8．5稳定。     

一步法发酵菊芋产乙醇菌种的筛选及产酶条件、酶学性质的研究

从腐烂的菊芋及实验室保存的菌种中,选育到一株发酵菊芋产乙醇的菌株克鲁维酵母Kluyveromyces marxianus Y1。利用正交实验法对克鲁维酵母产菊粉酶的培养基组成及培养条件进行优化,确定培养基组成（g/L）为：菊粉40,酵母粉4,蛋白胨4,尿素1;初始pH5．0,温度30℃,150r／min条件下培养达到最佳产酶效果（57U／mL）。该菌株所产菊粉酶的性质测定结果表明：以菊粉为底物,该菊粉酶最适反应温度为55℃,在60℃以下稳定性很好,高于60℃时酶迅速失活;最适pH为5．0,pH4．6—5．2范围内酶稳定性很好;该酶属于外切型菊粉酶,体积分数为8％的乙醇对酶活力基本没有影响。     

产气气杆菌茁霉多糖酶的研究I．酶的提纯和性质

产气气杆菌(Aerobacter aerogenes) 10016的茁霉多糖酶(pullulanase E．C．3．2．1．41)用Sephadex G100凝胶过滤、聚丙烯酰胺垂直板型凝胶电泳进行纯化,得到了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳均一的纯酶。纯酶作用的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为5．3—5．8,耐热性较差,50℃ 4小时后仅存活力10％。纯酶在pH4．3一8．6稳定。酶作用于糯米淀粉的米氏常数Km为2.0×10-2克／毫升。用聚丙烯酰胺薄屡凝胶等电聚焦测定酶的等电点pI为3．8,用SDS凝胶电泳测定酶的分子量为51,000—52,000;此酶是一种糖蛋白;含糖总量为6．5—7．0％;纯酶能专一性的水解茁霉多糖、糯米淀粉,也能分解糊精,而不作用于糖原、纤维二糖以及环状糊精。     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的固定化及酶学特性研究

对谷胱甘肽硫转移酶的固定化、游离酶和固定化酶的酶学特性进行了研究,通过试验,确定谷胱甘肽硫转移酶的最佳固定化条件为先用2％壳聚糖吸附酶,然后再加戊二醛交联,交联用戊二醛浓度为1．2％,交联时间6h;游离酶的最适温度为45—55℃,最适pH值为6．5-7．0：固定化酶的最适温度为45-50℃,最适pH值为7．0;游离酶和固定化酶的最适酶促反应时间为30min。     

米曲霉LY-128广谱有机磷农药水解酶的纯化和鉴定

米曲霉LY-128的培养物经硫酸铵分级沉淀,Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤,DEAE-Sephrose CL-6B和Sephadex G-100层析手段,获得了电泳纯的广谱有机磷农药水解酶。通过SDS-PAGE和IEF电泳测得其分子量为62kDa,等电点为pH5．2。该酶的最适反应温度为45℃,最适pH6．8,在50℃以下及pH6．0～9．5范围内活性稳定。Hg^2 、Fe^3 、对氯高汞苯甲酸、碘乙酸和N-乙基马来酰亚胺对该酶有强烈的抑制作用,而Cu^2 、巯基乙醇、二硫苏糖醇、二硫赤藓糖醇、谷光甘肽和去污剂对酶有不同程度的激活作用。底物的专一性实验表明,该酶不仅可以作用于含P-O键的有机磷农药;而且也能水解含P-S键的有机磷农药。以甲基对硫磷和内吸磷为底物的Km值分别为52μmol、236μmol;Vmax分别为317μmol min^-1mg^-1、179μmol min^-1mg^-1;Kcat分别为1152s^-1、650s^-1。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.