大鼠bcl-x_L cDNA的克隆和高滴度重组bcl-x_L腺相关病毒的制备

以RT PCR法从大鼠脑组织中克隆bcl XL 基因 ,将其定向插入带rep cap基因和neu基因的三功能腺相关病毒 (AAV)载体 ,转染HeLa细胞并以G4 18筛选 ,然后用腺病毒感染筛选后的细胞克隆 ,包装成重组腺相关病毒 .用带rep cap基因的C12细胞筛选和滴定产生重组腺相关病毒的细胞克隆 ,粗制细胞裂解物中病毒滴度最高只有 3× 10 5IU ml.从产病毒量较高的克隆大量制备重组病毒 ,经肝素柱高压液相亲和层析法纯化、浓缩病毒后获得了高达 4× 10 11IU ml的重组病毒 .为研究脑缺血动物模型中BCL XL 的抗脑细胞凋亡作用打下了基础     

重组腺相关病毒生产方法研究进展

重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)作为基因治疗的载体,具有感染范围广、能在宿主细胞中长久稳定表达外源基因和非致病性等优点,因此在基因治疗领域倍受青睐。rAAV的大规模制备技术一直是限制其临床广泛应用的瓶颈。近年来,有许多改进rAAV制备工艺的尝试。我们在介绍rAAV载体制备所需各种元件的基础上,对这些方法进行了简要综述。     

测定重组腺相关病毒基因组滴度的qPCR新方法

腺相关病毒(Adeno-associated virus,AAV)在基因治疗应用中具有很多优势,但是其生物学滴度的测定仍很繁琐,不同实验室使用各自的方法和参照,这些都影响了重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)载体在临床前和临床上的应用.反向末端重复序列(Inverted terminal repeats,ITR)是重组腺相关病毒载体中不可或缺的顺式作用元件,针对ITR2以及ITR2-CMV设计的qPCR检测方法可以快速、准确地得到rAAV2的基因组滴度,由于该方法可以广泛适用,因此对推动AAV滴度检测的标准化有重要意义.     

一种高效快速浓缩腺相关病毒载体的方法

腺相关病毒载体(adeno associatedviralvector,AAVvector)是一种具有良好应用前景的基因治疗载体。研究中往往需要高滴度的重组AAV病毒(>105v g /细胞),为此利用完整的腺相关病毒颗粒具有耐受有机溶剂的特点,创造性地采用了一种用乙醇沉淀重组AAV病毒的方法,达到了高效、快速浓缩AAV载体的目的。结果表明,乙醇沉淀法可以高效浓缩AAV载体,并且对病毒的结构和活性没有明显影响。用这种方法可以方便地将低滴度的AAV病毒变成高滴度,解决动物体内实验中每点注射体积受到限制的问题。     

携带Bclxl基因的重组腺相关病毒的制备和鉴定

目的:制备携带Bclxl基因的重组腺相关病毒,并鉴定其感染细胞有效性。方法:抽提BALB/c小鼠脾脏总RNA,通过RT-PCR获得cDNA,然后设计引物通过PCR获得Bclxl基因的编码序列。将得到的Bclxl编码序列插入腺相关病毒质粒pAAV-MCS中的多克隆位点,从而构建出重组腺相关病毒质粒pAAV-Bclxl。将质粒转染细胞后使用Western Blot和流式分析检测Bclxl蛋白的表达。进一步包装制备了携带Bclxl基因的重组腺相关病毒颗粒,用其感染HT1080细胞后用流式细胞仪分析了感染前后细胞中Bclxl基因的表达情况。结果:质粒转染后细胞中Bclxl蛋白的表达水平显著高于转染前,病毒感染后细胞中Bclxl蛋白的表达水平显著高于感染前。结论:携带Bclxl基因的重组腺相关病毒颗粒包装成功,能高效感染细胞,为后续的遗传改造树突细胞打下了基础。     

重组腺相关病毒包装容量研究进展

在以病毒载体介导的基因治疗研究中,重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)因其疗效和安全性方面的优势,是最有临床应用前景的载体。但其转基因包装容量一般不能超过5.0kb,给需要转导大片段基因的应用带来了困难,限制了rAAV在基因治疗研究中的应用。随着对rAAV细胞转导生物学过程研究的不断深入,发现了一些可以突破rAAV包装容量限制的技术,如反式剪接和同源重组策略,为拓展该载体应用范围提供了可能性。另外,rAAV包装容量限制的特点还可以被用来减少生产过程中具有可复制能力的类病毒杂质的污染,为rAAV的临床安全性提供了保障。     

抑制Notch-1基因表达的siRNA重组腺相关病毒载体的构建及滴度测定

目的:构建并制备携带靶向干扰Notch-1基因shRNA的重组腺相关病毒载体.方法:设计针对Notch-1的靶DNA序列,构建重组质粒pAAV-MCS2/siRNA-Notch-1,将该质粒和腺相关病毒包装质粒pAAV-RC,腺病毒辅助质粒pHelper共转染QBI-293A细胞,包装成带有Notch-1基因的重组腺相关病毒.结果:PCR鉴定分析结果表明成功构建针对Notch-1的siRNA重组腺相关病毒载体,滴定法测定重组病毒载体基因组得到滴度为1.2x 1012VP/L的高滴度腺相关病毒.结论:成功构建携带Notch-1基因短发夹状干扰RNA的腺相关病毒载体,为探索Notch-1基因在胶质母细胞瘤肿瘤干细胞中的作用提供实验基础.     

重组腺相关病毒载体相关性杂质

可以稳定表达治疗基因而无明显不良反应的重组腺相关病毒 (rAAV) 载体被认为是最有发展前景的基因治疗载体。但如何建立可以有效去除rAAV载体内具有潜在致病危害的杂质、产品质量符合临床使用要求的纯化工艺是研究人员面临的巨大挑战。其中针对载体相关性杂质的纯化工艺尤为关键,因为该类杂质的性质与真正的rAAV载体极其相似,一旦存在便难以去除,且会引起严重不良反应。以下总结了该类杂质形成的过程及有别于rAAV载体的特点,并对可以防止其生成或将其与rAAV载体有效分离的技术手段进行了评价。     

重组腺相关病毒载体相关性杂质

可以稳定表达治疗基因而无明显不良反应的重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)载体被认为是最有发展前景的基因治疗载体。但如何建立可以有效去除rAAV载体内具有潜在致病危害的杂质、产品质量符合临床使用要求的纯化工艺是研究人员面临的巨大挑战。其中针对载体相关性杂质的纯化工艺尤为关键,因为该类杂质的性质与真正的rAAV载体极其相似,一旦存在便难以去除,且会引起严重不良反应。以下总结了该类杂质形成的过程及有别于rAAV载体的特点,并对可以防止其生成或将其与rAAV载体有效分离的技术手段进行了评价。     

表达siRNA的重组腺相关病毒载体的构建和鉴定

腺相关病毒(AAV)载体介导的RNA干扰(RNAi)可在哺乳动物细胞中长期特异性抑制同源基因表达。本研究以AAV Helper-Free System中的转移质粒pAAV-MCS为基础,引入增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因和H1启动子,将该质粒改造为可表达小干扰RNA(siRNA)和EGFP的质粒pAAV-EGFP-H1。该质粒与辅助质粒共转染包装细胞后,获得了具有感染性的重组AAV(rAAV)。以EGFP为靶基因的干扰实验证明:所得rAAV可以产生siRNA并能够特异性抑制EGFP靶基因表达;荧光显微镜观察、FACS分析和Real-time PCR方法均表明重组病毒rAAV-H1-sh EGFP引起EGFP的表达降低大于60%。     

Production,Processing, and Characterization of Synthetic AAV Gene Therapy Vectors

Over the last two decades, gene therapy vectors based on wild-type Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are safe and efficacious in numerous clinical trials and are translated into three approved gene therapy products. Concomitantly, a large body of preclinical work has illustrated the power and potential of engineered synthetic AAV capsids that often excel in terms of an organ or cell specificity, the efficiency of in vitro or in vivo gene transfer, and/or reactivity with anti-AAV immune responses. In turn, this has created a demand for new, scalable, easy-to-implement, and plug-and-play platform processes that are compatible with the rapidly increasing range of AAV capsid variants. Here, the focus is on recent advances in methodologies for downstream processing and characterization of natural or synthetic AAV vectors, comprising different chromatography techniques and thermostability measurements. To illustrate the breadth of this portfolio, two chimeric capsids are used as representative examples that are derived through forward- or backwards-directed molecular evolution, namely, AAV-DJ and Anc80. Collectively, this ever-expanding arsenal of technologies promises to facilitate the development of the next AAV vector generation derived from synthetic capsids and to accelerate their manufacturing, and to thus boost the field of human gene therapy.     

The evolution of heart gene delivery vectors

Gene therapy holds promise for treating numerous heart diseases. A key premise for the success of cardiac gene therapy is the development of powerful gene transfer vehicles that can achieve highly efficient and persistent gene transfer specifically in the heart. Other features of an ideal vector include negligible toxicity, minimal immunogenicity and easy manufacturing. Rapid progress in the fields of molecular biology and virology has offered great opportunities to engineer various genetic materials for heart gene delivery. Several nonviral vectors (e.g. naked plasmids, plasmid lipid/polymer complexes and oligonucleotides) have been tested. Commonly used viral vectors include lentivirus, adenovirus and adeno-associated virus. Among these, adeno-associated virus has shown many attractive features for pre-clinical experimentation in animal models of heart diseases. We review the history and evolution of these vectors for heart gene transfer.     

Viral serotype and the transgene sequence influence overlapping adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene transfer in skeletal muscle

BACKGROUND: The overlapping approach was developed recently to expand the adeno-associated viral (AAV) packaging capacity. In this approach, a gene is split into two partially overlapping fragments and separately packaged into an upstream and a downstream vector, respectively. Transgene expression is achieved in co-infected cells after homologous recombination. Despite the promising proof-of-principle results in the lung, the efficiency has been very disappointing in skeletal muscle. Here we examined two potential rate-limiting factors including AAV serotype and the transgene sequence. METHODS: To study serotype effect, we delivered AAV-2, -5 and -6 overlapping vectors (5 x 10(8) vg particles of the upstream and the downstream vectors, respectively) and 5 x 10(8) vg particles of the intact gene vector to the tibialis anterior muscles of 7-week-old C57Bl/6 mice, respectively. To determine the effect of transgene sequence, we compared LacZ and alkaline phosphatase (AP) overlapping vectors. Transduction efficiency was quantified 6 weeks later by scoring the percentage of transgene-positive myofibers. RESULTS: AAV-2 overlapping vectors barely resulted in detectable transduction. Transduction efficiency was significantly improved in AAV-5 and AAV-6. The highest level was achieved in AAV-6 that reached 42% and 96% of that of the intact gene vector for the LacZ gene and the AP gene, respectively. Surprisingly, AAV-6 overlapping vector resulted in higher transduction than did AAV-2 and AAV-5 intact gene vectors. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that AAV serotype and the transgene sequence play critical roles in the overlapping approach. AAV-6 holds great promise for overlapping vector-mediated muscle gene therapy.     

大鼠4.5S RNAs的cDNA克隆与序列分析

利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法,首次从大鼠肝脏细胞总ＲＮＡ中扩增出４．５Ｓ ＲＮＡｓ的ｃＤＮＡ。该ｃＤＮＡ被克隆到ｐＧＥＭ３Ｚｆ（＋）质粒上,经酶切电泳鉴定,然后测序。与报道的小鼠和仓鼠４．５Ｓ ＲＮＡｓ序列进行了比较研究,并对该分子的结构特点进行了初步分析。     

Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer of a secreted form of TRAIL inhibits tumor growth and occurrence in an experimental tumor model

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces cell death in various tumor cells, but relatively spares normal cells. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors have a number of advantages including in vivo long-term gene expression. Here, we assessed the biological activity of a novel, secreted form of TRAIL (sTRAIL) for cancer gene therapy using a rAAV2 vector. METHODS: A plasmid and rAAV2 vectors were constructed encoding sTRAIL composed of a leader sequence, the isoleucine zipper, and the active domain of TRAIL (aa 95-281). The functionality of sTRAIL was validated by cell viability, FACS analysis, caspase-3 activity, and TUNEL staining. rAAV-sTRAIL was injected intratumorally to nude mice bearing human A549 lung tumor cells. Nude mice received A549 tumor cells after intravenous delivery of rAAV-sTRAIL. The antitumor effect was then evaluated by measuring tumor regression and occurrence in the experimental animal. RESULTS: sTRAIL was released from cells transfected with the sTRAIL expression construct or transduced with rAAV-sTRAIL, and induced apoptosis in cancer cells, but spared normal fibroblast cells. Secreted sTRAIL formed oligomers including trimers with intersubunit disulfide. Purified sTRAIL exerted much lower cytotoxicity on primary human hepatocytes compared to recombinant TRAIL. Intratumoral delivery of rAAV-sTRAIL significantly inhibited growth of A549 tumors established in nude mice. A number of apoptotic tumor cells were detected by TUNEL staining in mice treated with rAAV-sTRAIL. Systemic pretreatment with rAAV-sTRAIL significantly inhibited tumor formation in nude mice. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that rAAV-sTRAIL may be useful for local or systemic cancer gene therapy for treating TRAIL-sensitive tumors.     

Production and titering of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors

In recent years recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) have become increasingly valuable for in vivo studies in animals, and are also currently being tested in human clinical trials. Wild-type AAV is a non-pathogenic member of the parvoviridae family and inherently replication-deficient. The broad transduction profile, low immune response as well as the strong and persistent transgene expression achieved with these vectors has made them a popular and versatile tool for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery. rAAVs can be easily and cheaply produced in the laboratory and, based on their favourable safety profile, are generally given a low safety classification. Here, we describe a method for the production and titering of chimeric rAAVs containing the capsid proteins of both AAV1 and AAV2. The use of these so-called chimeric vectors combines the benefits of both parental serotypes such as high titres stocks (AAV1) and purification by affinity chromatography (AAV2). These AAV serotypes are the best studied of all AAV serotypes, and individually have a broad infectivity pattern. The chimeric vectors described here should have the infectious properties of AAV1 and AAV2 and can thus be expected to infect a large range of tissues, including neurons, skeletal muscle, pancreas, kidney among others. The method described here uses heparin column purification, a method believed to give a higher viral titer and cleaner viral preparation than other purification methods, such as centrifugation through a caesium chloride gradient. Additionally, we describe how these vectors can be quickly and easily titered to give accurate reading of the number of infectious particles produced.     

Cloning of a cDNA Encoding N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase I from Rat Liver and Analysis of Its Expression in Rat Tissues

We isolated a cDNA of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnT-1) from rat liver and analyzed GnT-I mRNA expression in several rat tissues. We found that GnT-I mRNA was expressed in a tissue-specific manner and the pattern of its expression was suggested to be species-specific by comparison with the reported result in mice.     

Expression of Recombinant Potato leafroll virus Structural and Non‐structural Proteins for Antibody Production

Vector pMPM‐A4Ω and vectors pQE‐30 and pET‐45b(+) containing the 6x His‐tag sequence were used for expression of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) structural and non‐structural proteins in Escherichia coli. Coat protein (CP) and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)–fragments RdRp_43‐616 and RdRp_304‐537 were chosen for expression. A high level of CP and RdRp_304‐537 was obtained only in an expression system using pET‐45b(+) vector and E. coli Rosetta‐gami 2(DE3) cells. After purification, the His‐tagged PLRV proteins were used for immunization of rabbits.