影响喜树组织培养苗离体生根的因素

为了建立有效的喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)组培苗生根系统,提高其移栽成活率及适应性,用不同生长素种类及浓度、不同蔗糖浓度及不同培养基对喜树组培苗不定根形成影响以及移栽初期根系发育状况进行了研究。结果发现: 1)生长素种类和浓度明显影响喜树组培苗不定根形成,在含有IBA0.5 mg.L-1培养基中取得了最佳生根效果,生根率达到了98%,外植体平均生根数为5.9条/株; 2)不同浓度蔗糖对喜树组培苗生根也有一定影响,在10~30 g.L-1范围内,随着蔗糖浓度增加,生根百分率和生根数量都有增加,蔗糖浓度达到30 g.L-1时,生根百分率为95%,外植体平均生根数为5.4条/株; 蔗糖浓度在40 g.L-1时,表现出对生根抑制作用; 3)在基本培养基对喜树组培苗生根影响研究中发现,MS培养基对根形成表现出一定抑制作用;1/2MS和WPM培养基均适合喜树组培苗生根; 4)根系发育正常的喜树组培苗移栽后成活率可达96%,但组培苗根系根毛系统发育较差。组培苗单位叶面积根尖数量显著低于对照实生苗,而且此参数与叶片气孔导度呈显著正相关。这种较差根系发育导致叶片气孔导度过低可能是组培苗叶片光合能力较低的重要原因。     

紫花亚菊（Ajania purpurea）的组织培养与快速繁殖

以紫花亚菊茎段为外植体对其进行组织培养,MS为基本培养基,设置不同激素浓度配比,对试验结果进行观察分析,筛选出适合的配方：启动培养基为MS＋6-BA0.5mg·L-1＋NAA0.01mg·L-1;继代培养基MS＋6-BA0.3mg·L-1＋NAA0.05mg·L-1,组培苗分化率高;不定根最适诱导培养基为：1/2MS＋IBA0.15mg·L-1,生根率达90%以上,组培苗移栽成活率达95%。     

樟叶越桔组培苗生根和移栽技术研究

为解决樟叶越桔(Vaccinium dunalianum)组培苗生根质量不佳、移栽成活率低的问题,该研究以樟叶越桔继代苗为材料,采用单因子试验从激素类型及浓度、培养基类型和蔗糖质量浓度对其生根的适宜条件进行筛选,进一步研究了不同基质配比对樟叶越桔移栽苗存活率的影响。结果表明:激素类型和浓度、培养基类型对樟叶越桔生根率的影响最大,其次为蔗糖质量浓度;最适合樟叶越桔生根的激素及浓度为IBA2.0 mg·L~(-1)、基本培养基类型为1/4MS、蔗糖质量浓度为15 g·L~(-1),樟叶越桔组培苗最佳生根培养基为1/4MS+IBA 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+活性炭0.1 g·L~(-1)+蔗糖15 g·L~(-1),生根率达100%,平均生根数为每株7.67条;根系呈辐射状、基部无愈伤组织,组培苗生长健壮、叶色浓绿;樟叶越桔组培苗移栽时以全腐殖土基质为佳,成活率为83.7%,植株叶片舒展,生长状况良好。该研究建立的优化体系有效地提高了樟叶越桔组培生根苗的生根率和生根质量,解决了后期移栽成活困难的问题,为优良的樟叶越桔植株规模化生产提供了科学依据和技术支持。     

万寿菊杂交亲本的离体培养

以万寿菊‘钻石’雄性不育株的幼嫩叶片和子房为外植体进行离体快繁,结果表明:培养基MS+0.8 mg·L-1 IAA+0.6 mg·L-1 6-BA+30 g·L-1蔗糖既有利于叶片愈伤组织的诱导也有利于不定芽的分化,愈伤组织诱导率达97.9％,不定芽诱导率达45.8％;培养基MS+0.5 mg·L12,4-D+0.5 mg·L-16-BA+ 30 g·L-1蔗糖为诱导子房愈伤组织的最佳培养基,出愈率为77.8％;培养基MS+0.05 mg·L -1 NAA+0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA+ 30g·L-1蔗糖为诱导子房愈伤组织不定芽分化的最佳培养基;将不定芽接至MS培养基上,7d后即可生出不定根,生根率可达98％,移栽成活率达90％以上.     

马来沉香组织培养技术研究

以马来沉香茎段为外植体,分别对外植体的消毒、启动培养、增殖培养、壮苗培养、生根培养、炼苗移栽环节进行研究,着重探索马来沉香组织培养技术各个环节的最佳培养基配方,为马来沉香的工厂化育苗提供技术指导。结果表明:马来沉香最佳消毒方法是用0.1%升汞消毒4～5min;启动率最高的培养基配方是1/2MS+6-BA 0.2mg·L-1+NAA 0.1mg·L-1+蔗糖30g·L-1+琼脂5.8g·L-1,启动率达70.5%;增殖系数最高的培养基是1/2MS+0.1mg·L-16-BA+25g·L-1蔗糖+5.8g·L-1琼脂,增殖系数达2.9;最佳壮苗培养基是1/2MS+30g·L-1蔗糖+5.8g·L-1琼脂;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 5.0mg·L-1+20g·L-1糖+6g·L-1琼脂,培养2d后移入1/2MS培养基继续培养,生根率为83%;马来沉香移栽较难成活,在泥炭土∶黄泥土(2∶1)的基质上成活率最高,移栽成活率65%。     

单头亚菊的组织培养与快速繁殖

以单头亚菊茎段为外植体对其进行组织培养,MS为基本培养基,设置不同激素浓度配比。对实验结果进行观察分析,筛选出合适的配方。启动培养基为Ms＋0．5mg·L-16-BA＋0．01mg·L-1NAA。继代培养基MS＋O．75mg·L-1。6-BA＋0．01mg·L。NAA,可获得较高的增殖率。不定根最适诱导培养基为1／2MS＋O．15mg·L—IBA,生根率达87％以上,组培苗移栽成活率达98％。     

长筒石蒜鳞片诱导和植株再生

采用长筒石蒜带基盘鳞片为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,附加不同种类和浓度的植物生长调节物质诱导小鳞茎,在NAA 0.1 mg·L-1 6-BA 5.0 mg·L-1及ZT 0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA 5.0 mg·L-1的培养基上,小鳞茎(芽)增殖率可达480%;以蔗糖浓度为6%的MS培养基上的小鳞茎生长量最高;小鳞茎在MS培养基上生根率可达100%;移栽成活率为90%左右.     

不同因素对小黄李试管苗增殖与生根的影响

以‘小黄李’砧木的单芽茎段为外植体进行离体培养,研究不同培养基、植物生长调节剂的种类及其浓度、pH值对‘小黄李’增殖与生根的影响。结果表明:较合适的增殖培养基为F14 0.8mg·L-16-BA 0.2mg·L-1NAA 30g·L-1蔗糖 6g·L-1琼脂,pH值5.4~5.8;较合适的生根培养基为改良MS 0.1mg·L-1NAA 0.2mg·L-1IBA 30g·L-1蔗糖 6g·L-1琼脂,生根率达100%,单株平均根数3~4根;以蛭石∶珍珠岩∶泥炭(1∶1∶1)移栽生根苗,成活率达80%以上,实验结果为工厂化育苗生产奠定了基础。     

乌桕不同外植体高效再生探索

以乌桕的成熟胚、胚乳、叶片和茎段为外植体,建立高效、稳定的组培快繁再生体系,并成功获得其再生苗.结果表明:(1)全胚乳带胚的愈伤组织诱导率达90%,其愈伤组织继续在MS+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA培养基上培养,不定芽最多达15个/外植体.(2)去胚乳的胚不加调节剂则胚直接萌动成苗,萌动率和成苗率可达100%;去胚乳的胚在MS+0.05 mg·L-1 NAA+0.3 mg·L-1 6-BA最佳培养基中培养,其胚轴处可直接诱导不定芽,最多达6个/外植体.(3)无菌苗叶片在MS+0.5 mg·L-1 NAA+0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA培养基中诱导的有效不定芽数最高达18个/外植体,诱导率达90%.(4)茎段在MS+0.05 mg·L-1 NAA+0.1~0.3 mg·L-1 6-BA培养基上不定芽的诱导率较高(100%),直接诱导的不定芽数最多达17个/外植体.(5)芽苗在1/2MS+0.5 mg·L-1 IBA上生根率达到100%,但根系较细弱,而在MS+1.0 mg·L-1镧稀土中的生根率达100%,且根系粗壮;生根的小苗练苗移栽后温室内成活率为89.2%,移栽到室外沙质土壤中的成活率为68.9%.     

大薯类原球茎的离体诱导及再生体系的建立

采用正交试验设计方法,以大薯带节茎段为外植体,离体诱导类原球茎并建立大薯类原球茎的再生体系,以解决愈伤组织分化成苗和试管苗移栽成活率低的难题。结果表明：以带节茎段为外植体诱导类原球茎的最适培养基为MS（含3×Ca2＋）＋1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA＋0.2 mg·L-1 NAA＋0.1%PVP＋3%蔗糖,诱导率高达93.33%;类原球茎增殖的最适培养基为MS＋4mg·L-1 6-BA＋80 mg·L-1 Ad＋0.1%PVP＋3%蔗糖;类原球茎生根的最适培养基：1/2MS＋0.10 mg·L-1 NAA＋0.1%PVP＋3%蔗糖。将诱导得到的生根类原球茎植株进行炼苗,移栽基质珍珠岩：蛭石=2：1,移栽成活率可达到95%。     

海滨锦葵胚轴愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以海滨锦葵(Kosteletzkya virginica)胚轴为外植体, 在9种不同激素配比的培养基上进行愈伤组织诱导、继代培养、不定芽分化及生根培养, 确定了植株再生的最适培养条件: (1)愈伤组织诱导最适培养基为MS + IAA 1.0 mg.L-1 + KT 0.3 mg.L-1 + sucrose 30 g.L-1 + agar 8 g.L-1, 愈伤组织诱导率为93.94%; (2)不定芽诱导最适培养基为MS + IAA 0.1 mg.L-1 + ZT 0.5 mg.L-1 + sucrose 30 g.L-1 + agar 8 g.L-1, 不定芽诱导率为65.83%; (3)生根最适培养基为MS + sucrose 30 g.L-1 +agar 8 g.L-1, 生根率为96.67%。炼苗移栽后, 成活率可达85%。     

Regeneration of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) CV Sahyadri from seedling explants

Root, hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass) CV. Sahyadri were aseptically cultured on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium (MS) containing BAP and kinetin. Multiple shoot regeneration was induced from hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants while root explants produced only callus on MS medium supplemented with BAP. BAP (1 mg l^-1) was optimum for shoot regeneration. Regenerated shoots were transferred to MS medium without auxins, with auxins and with increasing concentrations of sucrose for rooting. Complete plantlets were obtained in all cases; however, 0.5 mg l^-1 NAA was the best for induction of roots. Ninety-seven per cent of the plantlets survived and completed their life cycle when transferred to natural conditions.Abbreviations BAP 6-benzylamino purine - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - IBA indole-3-butyric acid     

A rooting procedure for lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and other hypogeous legumes (pea,chickpea and Lathyrus) based on explant polarity

The present study assessed the rooting response of lentil nodal segments in relation to explant polarity, hormone, salt and carbohydrate concentrations of the medium. Nodal segments of lentil with an axillary bud cultured in an inverted orientation (apical end in medium) showed higher rooting frequencies than explants cultured in a normal orientation (basal end in medium). The highest rooting percentage (95.35%) and average number of shoots regenerated per explant (2.4) were obtained from explants placed in an inverted orientation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium salts with 3% sucrose, supplemented with 5 microM indole acetic acid (IAA) and 1 microM kinetin (KN). Reducing or increasing phytohormone concentration did not alter significantly root regeneration of inverted explants. Sucrose at 3% allowed higher root regeneration frequencies compared to 1.5% sucrose. MS full concentration permitted regeneration of longer shoots with more nodes per regenerated shoot, compared to MS half-strength, which regenerated more shoots of shorter length and with less nodes. Inverted nodal segments of other hypogeous legumes (pea, chickpea and Lathyrus) also exhibited higher rooting frequencies than explants cultured in a normal orientation on MS medium with 3% sucrose and supplemented with 5 microM IAA and 1 microM KN. The most novel application of this study is the culture of nodal segments of hypogeous legumes in an inverted orientation. This procedure is a considerable improvement over other published procedures concerning in vitro rooting of lentil, pea, chickpea and Lathyrus.     

铁核桃离体培养与快速繁殖

以优良单株‘纳雍-1’的单芽茎段为外植体,建立了铁核桃（Juglanssigillata）离体培养与快速繁殖的体系。结果表明,附加6-BA1．0mg·L-1 ＋活·IgK（AC）3．0g·L-1的DKw培养基适宜铁核桃腋芽诱导;适宜铁核桃芽增殖的培养基为DKW＋6-BA1．0mg·L-1 ＋IBA0．02mg·L-1,40d后增殖系数可达7．33;试管苗的茎尖和茎段均可用于增殖培养;一步生根法（低浓度的生长素IBA持续诱导）不利于铁核桃试管苗嫩茎生根;采用二步生根法,生根率最高可达71．73％,其中,不同IBA浓度、暗培养时间、蔗糖浓度和AC含量对试管苗嫩茎生根影响显著,铁核桃试管苗在附]sulBA5,0mg·L-1的1／4DKW培养基中暗培养12d,再转移到不含IBA的1／4DKW培养基（附加AC 3g-L-1和蔗糖20g·L-1）中生根效果最好;生根试管苗采用珍珠岩和营养土两步炼苗,60d后成活率达到87．50％。     

Role of carbohydrates in micropropagation of cork oak

The influences of carbon sources, fructose, glucose, sorbitol and sucrose on shoot proliferation and in vitro rooting of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) were compared at a wide range of concentrations (1–6%, w/v). The highest number of shoots occurred on glucose-containing medium. Nevertheless, we have chosen 3% sucrose which induced a similar rate of proliferation but favoured shoot elongation, permitting an effectively higher number of shoots during transfers. Sorbitol and autoclaved fructose did not stimulate shoot proliferation. Adventitious root formation was strongly dependent on carbohydrate supply. Sorbitol and autoclaved fructose were completely ineffectively on rooting induction. Glucose was the most effective carbon source on rooting promotion followed by sucrose and filter-sterilized fructose. The rooting response induced by fructose was dependent on the sterilizing procedure. The number of adventitious roots produced per shoot increased with increasing glucose and sucrose concentration. The content of reducing sugars in leaves of proliferation cultures and in leaves and roots of rooted plantlets was more dependent on carbon concentration than on glucose or sucrose supplement. The results presented here show that carbohydrate requirements during cork oak micropropagation depend upon the phase of culture. Sucrose (3%) and glucose (4%) were the best carbon sources respectively during proliferation and rooting phases.     

芥蓝下胚轴离体培养及高频率植株的再生

三个芥蓝品种下胚轴离体植株再生的条件的研究结果表明：下胚轴切口处可直接诱导出芽,诱导“早花尖叶芥蓝”、“中花尖叶芥蓝”和“迟花尖叶芥蓝”直接出芽的最佳激素组合分别为2．0mgL-1BA,0．3mgL-1NAA＋2．0mgL-1BA,0．5mgL-1NAA＋2．0mgL-1BA,其相应的芽发生频率分别为84．6％,86．7％,93．3％。诱导芽发生的最适蔗糖浓度是1％。培养基中加入4．0mgL-1AgNO3和500mgL-1MES可显著提高芽再生频率。再生芽在MS附加0．1mgL-1NAA的培养基上诱导生根形成完整植株。离体再生苗与种子萌发实生苗田间生长外形差别不大,但长势稍慢。     

‘香槟’月季的组织培养和试管开花诱导

本文对‘香槟’月季（80sachinensis‘Xiangbin’）的组织培养技术和诱导试管开花进行了研究。结果表明：以茎段为外植体能诱导获得无菌苗,适宜的启动培养基为MS＋6-BA1．0mg-L-1＋IBA0．1mg·L-1,幼芽继代增殖的最佳培养基是MS＋6．BA1．0mg·L-1。＋IBA0．1～0．2mg·L-1,诱导生根的适宜培养基为1／2MS＋NAA0．3mg·L-1,生根率达80．0％。诱导试管开花的适宜培养基为MS＋6．BA0．5mg·L-1＋NAA0．1mg·L-1最适宜的诱导试管开花的蔗糖含量是30g·L-1;在三角瓶中培养,试管花可以正常开放,在培养瓶中培养花芽不能正常开放;MS培养基中增加2倍磷的含量,可以提高花芽诱导率,为25．O％;诱导试管开花的最适培养条件为温度21℃,光照强度80～100μmol·m-2．s-1,光照时间16h—d-1。     

珍稀药用和观赏植物地涌金莲的组织培养和快速繁殖

以地涌金莲(Musella lasiocarpa)吸芽为外植体建立了有效的快繁体系。外植体经灭菌处理后在MS 6-BA4.0 mg L-1 NAA 0.2 mg L-1 维生素C 150 mg L-1 10%椰子乳 3%蔗糖培养基上能进行不定芽的诱导和增殖,培养60 d后每个芽平均能产生4.10个不定芽。第6代增殖后,丛生芽的增殖系数可达4.23。生根培养基以1/2MS NAA1.0 mg L-1 AC 50 mg L-1的效果较好。以沙:泥炭土:珍珠岩=1:1:1为基质移栽试管苗,成活率达到93.5%以上。经过12个月的组织培养已生产10 000多株试管苗。     

米老排的组织培养和快速繁殖

以米老排人工林成年优树当年生枝条茎段为外植体,建立了“以芽繁芽”的组织培养快速繁殖体系。丛芽诱导培养最快的无性系,经过3个月的培养,一个外植体可获得17．2个芽。在添加6-BA1．0mg·L-1的Ms培养基上增殖率最高,月增殖率为2．43。促进苗高生长的最有效培养基是Ms＋6-BA0．4mg·L-1＋GA30．4mg·L-1。生根培养基为1／2MS＋IBA0．4nag·L-1＋O．1g．L-1活性炭,生根率达81．8％以上,每株苗生根7．8条,平均苗高为1．2cm。经生根培养20d和目光温室炼苗15d后,试管苗移植入黄泥和泥炭土（4：1,刃功混合基质中,成活率达85％以上。