昆明地区早寒武世三叶形虫新属——Panlongia Liu et Luo gen. nov.

简述早寒武世关山动物群的研究现状及重要意义。重点描述该动物群中一三叶形虫新属PanlongiaLiuetLuogen.nov.及其两个新种:即个体小、拥有等大的头甲和尾甲、边缘没有明显突出刺状物的PanlongiatetranodusaLiuetLuogen.etsp.nov.及头甲后侧和尾缘具刺的PanlongiaspinosaLiuetLuogen.etsp.nov.。三叶形虫在关山动物群中的首次发现为寒武纪生命大爆发以及古地理、古板块恢复的研究提供了有益的证据。     

节肢动物头区起源和演化机制分析

帽天山页岩动物群研究表明节肢动物头区化过程包括复合型头区形成和口后附肢特异化两个独立事件。其中复合型头区形成经历了原头、原复合头和真复合头3个演化阶段。节肢动物原头只有口前两个相互独立的体节,后来通过躯干体节向前端归并形成具有3个或3个以上口后头区体节的复合型头区;但头区腹部口后附肢特异化事件显然滞后于背部体节的愈合,头区口后附肢形态特异化事件是在复合型头区形成之后,节肢动物所面临的又一个漫长的演化过程。文中尝试结合发育生物学研究进展分析节肢动物头区化过程的分子机制。认为原躯干前端体节发育机制的改变和Hox基因的头／躯干分区表达导致节肢动物复合型头区的发生;而头区口后特异性附肢出现与Hox基因表达区域及其功能的体节特异化事件有关。     

广西早泥盆世一新型胴甲鱼化石并初步探讨其系统分类位置

本文描述的胴甲鱼化石标本,采自广西象州大乐早泥盆世地层.化石系内、外模,但保存非常完整,包括自然连接的头部、躯干、胸鳍及躯甲后的尾部.头甲、躯甲的特征较为接近星鳞鱼 (Asterolepis) 的特征,而某些特征又与云南鱼 (Yunnanolepis) 类似.胸鳍分为近节和远节,鳍片排列近似欧洲的翼甲鱼 (Pterichthyodes) 型的胸鳍.根据头甲、躯甲及胸鳍的特征,笔者建立了一新属、新种——Liujiangolepis suni gen. et sp. nov.,代表胴甲鱼类中—新科——Liujiangolepidae fam. nov..文中对新属种的胸鳍结构和新属种在胴甲鱼类中的分类位置做了初步探讨.     

泥盆纪石松类研究新进展

简要论述了近十年来泥盆纪石松类研究取得的主要进展。分支系统学研究增进了对石松类起源与谱系分异的认识,新构建的系统发育树中石松纲与真叶植物互为姐妹群,并识别出原始鳞木目和异孢石松类两个单系。基于化石数据库和定量统计分析,揭示了泥盆纪石松类的多样性演变模式:早泥盆世布拉格期(Pragian)石松类的属种数量显著增加,在埃姆斯期(Emsian)至艾菲尔期(Eifelian)逐步取代工蕨类,至晚泥盆世进一步辐射。依据华南、新疆及全球其他地区丰富的化石材料,大量泥盆纪的石松植物新类群得以建立,一系列已有属种得到详细的再研究,明确了这些植物的生物学特征,也促进了对石松类根系、生长和繁殖习性演化的深入理解。对华南早泥盆世的镰蕨类和挪威中—晚泥盆世乔木状石松的研究分别揭示了这一时期植物-土壤相互作用及热带森林群落面貌,为了解早期维管植物对地球环境和陆地生态系统的影响提供了新的资料。     

贵州金沙寒武系牛蹄塘组的古盘虫类三叶虫

贵州金沙寒武系牛蹄塘组产出大量古盘虫类三叶虫化石,包括分离头盖、尾部和完整背甲。依据标本中具分类鉴定意义的构造特征的测量数据比值并线性拟合,结合形态学特征、个体发育趋势等特点分析,认为Tsunyidiscus armatus和Tsunyidiscus niutitangensis两个三叶虫种是有效的,支持以尾部肋区分节差异作为两个种种征判别标志。本项研究可为厘定贵州金沙地区三叶虫Tsunyidiscus序列提供可靠证据。     

不屈行者——漫谈三叶虫的兴衰

投名 三叶虫(Trilobite),一般指节肢动物门(Arthropoda)三叶形亚门(Trilobitomorph)三叶虫纲动物.身体扁平,背侧被以坚固的甲壳,腹侧为柔软的腹膜和附肢.背甲为两条背沟(dorsalfurrow)纵向分为一个轴叶(axiallobe)和两个肋叶(pleural lobes),前后两对附肢...     

橡胶种植对林下节肢动物群落结构的影响

西双版纳地区大部分热带雨林逐渐被橡胶林所取代, 而关于这种转化对节肢动物群落结构的影响研究鲜见报道。为探讨橡胶林种植对节肢动物的影响, 我们采用马氏网的方法调查了西双版纳纳板河流域国家自然保护区内9个森林片段和橡胶林中的林下节肢动物群落结构、分布格局以及主要的影响因素。结果显示: (1)在两种林型森林和橡胶林中, 共采集得到节肢动物个体16682个, 隶属于18个类群, 其中优势类群为双翅目、膜翅目、鳞翅目和弹尾目; (2)季节对节肢动物群落组成有显著影响, 总体表现为节肢动物多度在旱季显著大于雨季; 森林中的节肢动物多度、类群数显著高于橡胶林; (3)典范对应分析结果显示, 海拔、坡度和坡向是影响森林节肢动物群落的主要因素; 而影响橡胶林节肢动物群落的主要因素是海拔和橡胶树年龄等。总之, 本研究揭示了热带地区大面积单一橡胶林种植可对节肢动物群落结构产生较大的负面影响, 并为自然保护区管理和生物多样性保护提供了数据资料和科学管理依据。     

贵州剑河寒武纪凯里生物群中峨眉虫(Emeiella Lee,1975)的初步研究

贵州剑河寒武纪凯里生物群的高肌虫风雅峨眉虫(相似种)Emeiella cf.venusta和峨眉虫(未定种)Emeiellasp.化石,曾被描述为梁山虫(未定种)Liangshanellasp.,作者认为这些化石发育有细长的背脊,不符合Liangshanella的属征,厘定为峨眉虫Emeiella Lee,1975的1个相似种和1个未定种。相似种以具半圆形的壳、细长而平直的背脊且与背边平行的特点,区别于峨眉虫属的其它种;未定种壳受压扁长,呈半椭圆形,背脊细而长,暂作未定种处理。凯里生物群中Emeiella的产出,不仅增加了该属新的种群、地理分布由扬子区扩大至扬子-江南之间的过渡区、时代从寒武纪第二世延伸至苗岭世,也为寒武纪高肌虫的分类、地理分布、演化研究提供了新的材料。     

贵州熊家场寒武系梅树村阶磷块岩中小壳动物化石微结构特征及与成磷关系分析

寒武纪早期是全球小壳动物化石大幅射的时期,贵州寒武纪初期磷块岩中就含有大量种类丰富的小壳动物化石,而前人对其研究多局限于外观形态的描述,对其微观结构方面的研究较少。文中通过对贵州熊家场地区磷块岩中小壳动物Turcutheca,Paracircotheca,Loculitheca zhijinensis以及Protospongia化石进行电子显微镜观察,描述其显微结构特征。并对Turcutheca,Paracircotheca进行重点生物结构研究,探讨其壳体形态、生长发育方式。通过对小壳动物化石壳体进行SEM-EDS分析,确定组成壳体主要成分为碳氟磷灰石。另外,对化石Turcutheca内核填充部分、壳壁、围岩进行EDS能谱分析,及其元素特征进行对比,初步探讨生物体与成磷之间的关系,认为寒武纪早期小壳动物的繁盛对同期磷块岩的形成起到了至关重要的作用。     

贵州剑河寒武纪杷榔动物群中的海绵化石组合

贵州寒武纪杷榔动物群的海绵动物是近年在剑河辣子寨村发现的新类群。辣子寨剖面的海绵动物组合多样性高,化石保存好。经鉴定有普通海绵纲细丝海绵科的Leptomitus tereticusculus Chen et al.,1989,Leptomitus cf.L.conicus García-Bellido et al.,2007和Paraleptomitellasp.,斗篷海绵科的Choiaellacf.C.ovataZhao and Yang in Yang et al.,2003和Choiasp.;六射海绵纲的Saetaspongiasp.,计有5属6种和一些属种待定的海绵化石。剑河辣子寨村杷榔组海绵类群的发现丰富了杷榔动物群的组成面貌,扩展了寒武纪第四期海绵动物的古地理分布区,增加了寒武纪第四期海绵动物分异演化的信息,为海绵动物分类学、古生态学和埋藏学研究提供了新材料。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.