大丰野鹿荡中全新世以来有孔虫群落及古环境变化

对江苏省盐城市大丰区野鹿荡DF20钻孔21 m长沉积物岩芯开展了详细微体古生物学定量分析研究,结果显示,沉积物中浮游有孔虫仅在下部部分层位少见,含丰富的底栖有孔虫化石。研究共识别出47属66种底栖有孔虫,尤其以Ammonia beccarii var.,Cribrononion vitreum,Cribrononion subincertum,Elphidium advenum,Pseudononionella variabilis,Stomoloculina multangula,Elphidium magellanicum,Pararotalia nipponica,Elphidium hispidulum和Ammonia compressiuscula等近岸和内陆架浅水分子高含量为主。其中Ammonia beccarii var.最高达87.5%,平均含量超过50%。结合钻孔底部沉积物中贝壳的初步测年资料,该钻孔底栖有孔虫组成和变化揭示了野鹿荡地区近七千年来沉积环境存在一个由相对较深的近岸浅水海洋环境向海陆过渡相半咸水环境的演化过程。     

海南岛鹿回头珊瑚礁区全新世有孔虫

对海南岛鹿回头小东海和三亚湾珊瑚区底质中的样品进行分析研究,共获得有孔虫４０属９０种,其中包括３新种４未定种。小东海有孔虫壳一般较坚固。大有孔虫占绝对优热;三亚湾有孔虫壳体易破碎,大有孔虫相对贫乏。水动力状况及盐度差异是造成两地有孔虫不同的主要原因。磨蚀试验表明,有孔虫壳孔形态结构与环境有密切的关系。     

东海陆架泥质沉积区全新世有孔虫和介形虫及其古环境应用

浙江岸外东海内陆架MD06-3040柱状样完整保存有10.6 cal.kaPB以来的全新世沉积记录,采取257个沉积物样品进行了有孔虫和介形虫定量分析.依据丰度上的优势成分和特征种的分布,识别出6个底栖有孔虫组合和4个介形虫组合.应用属种组合和不同生态(表生/内生、内陆架/中-内陆架、暖水)种的丰度,探讨了研究区全新世以来的古环境变迁.分析结果揭示了研究区全新世早期海面快速上升,沉积环境由滨岸内陆架(10.6-9.8Cal.kaBP)、内陆架外缘(9.8-7.8 cal.kaBP)转变至中陆架内侧并达全新世最高海面(7.8-3.4 Cal.kaBP).台湾暖流在8.O Cal. kaBP起开始发育,并在5.7-2.8和0.7-O cal.kaBP二个时期派生出明显的上升流.台湾暖流及其所派生的上升流是造成东海陆架泥质快速沉积的最主要原因.依据浮游有孔虫Globigerina bulloides的丰度变化,推测浙闽沿岸流在4.9-3.2 Cal.kaBP时期最为强盛.     

南海北部HY4—901孔浮游有孔虫特征及意义

南海北部ＨＹ４－９０１孔沉积连续,粒度均匀,浮游有孔虫丰富,共鉴定１０属２６种,其中以暖水种占优势,凉水种也有相当含量,浮游有孔虫组合的研究表明,本区的溶解作用不强,不是影响ＣａＣＯ３分布的主要因素,全新世的气温变化,可以分为五期：１）迅速升温期;２）高温期;３）降温期;４）温暖期;５）温凉期。     

浙江钱塘江冰后期有孔虫化石记录及其古环境意义

本研究对浙江萧山SE2钻孔近50m沉积物岩心进行了详细的有孔虫定量统计分析,并结合测年资料重建了冰后期以来钱塘江沉积河谷的环境演化过程。有孔虫群落特征反映的古环境变化与沉积相分析结果一致。有孔虫资料显示:大约1万年以来该地区受到海水的影响、以胶结质壳Textularia-Reophax组合为特征,并在中全新世海水深度到达最大、以近岸浅水组合Ammonia beccarii-Elphidium magellanicum为代表,而晚全新世以来在全球海平面下降的影响下、该地区海水变浅的同时,却由于狭窄的特殊河口地形,水动力相对较强,显示强潮型河口地区特有的近岸分子Ammonia beccarii,Elphidium advenum和相对较深水分子Ammonia compressiuscula共存的底栖有孔虫群落特征。     

南海北部HY4－901孔浮游有孔虫特征及意义

南海北部ＨＹ４－９０１孔沉积连续、粒度均匀,浮游有孔虫丰富,共鉴定１０属２６种,其中以暖水种占优势,凉水种也有相当含量。浮游有孔虫组合的研究表明,本区的溶解作用不强,不是影响ＣａＣＯ＿３分布的主要因素。全新世的气温变化,可以分为五期：１）迅速升温期,２）高温期,３）降温期,４）温暖期,５）温凉期。     

广东江门西江全新世有孔虫群落及其古环境意义

本文通过对广东江门市蓬江区沉积物钻孔产出有孔虫的鉴定与定量统计分析,结合沉积物中双壳类壳体AMS~(14)C测年结果,揭示了该区晚更新世末期以来经历了陆相-海陆过渡相-陆相的沉积古环境演变过程。海陆过渡相地层中的有孔虫分异度极低、但丰度较高,以近岸浅水种Ammonia beccarii vars.和Elphidium magellanicum为优势种,反映三角洲平原环境受径流影响强烈。位于同一剖面的多个钻孔横向对比显示海水最远达到江门市蓬江区弓田村附近。最大海侵发生应晚于7540aBP(日历年)。     

长江三角洲DY03孔有孔虫群落演化及其古环境意义

文中对上海奉贤DY03孔222m长的沉积物柱状样样品进行有孔虫定量统计分析,结合颗石藻、孢粉等其它古生物学资料,重建了晚新生代长江三角洲南部沉积环境变化。钻孔孔深60m以上发现有孔虫产出,包括60—40m与24.6—2m两层位,尤以24.6—2m有孔虫丰度较高。孔深60m附近有孔虫丰富,底栖有孔虫主要属种为Ammonia beccarii vars.,Nonionella stella,Protelphidium tuberculatum,Elphidium advenum和Astrononion tasmanensis等,而58.8—49.2m则不含有孔虫;孔深48.8—40m,有孔虫丰度、分异度均从下而上降低,从以Ammonia beccarii vars.-Elphidium advenum组合为主,Ammonia compressiuscula,Florilus decorus,Pseudononionella variabilis及Nonionella stella等繁盛的面貌,变为仅含少量的Ammonia beccarii vars.和Elphidium limpidum等。有孔虫群落在60—40m层位呈现了其沉积环境由滨岸演变为浅海、又转变为滨岸的演化序列。另一有孔虫丰富层位(埋深为24.6—2m)中,有孔虫分布连续、丰度高、属种分异度高,其中下部21.4—8.8m含有大量的低盐种Pseudononionella variabilis,Stomoloculinasp.以及少量Heterolepaspp.和Lagena hispida;中部8.4—5.0m产出大量深水型分子Ammonia compressiuscula及代表高温、高盐环境的瓷质类型Quinqueloculina seminula,Triloculina rotunda和Spiroloculina laevigata;上部4.8—2m中深水类型缺失,从下至上显示了一个海水由浅到深再变浅、海水盐度由低到高再变低、海水温度由低到高再变低的海侵-海退过程,且本次海侵较上次海侵水深更深、范围更广。对比显示,DY03孔24.6—2m地层相当于中国东部广泛存在的第一海侵层(全新世),而60—40m地层则相当于第二海侵层(晚更新世),有孔虫等生物群落演化反映了该地区晚更新世以来的两次较大海水进退过程。     

福建泉州湾西部晚全新世孢粉组合特征及其古环境意义

通过对泉州湾西部QZDSZK02孔的沉积孢粉及AMS14 C进行分析,对泉州地区晚全新世古植被和古环境演化历史进行了恢复。其中,共鉴定出60种孢粉类型,主要以木本植物花粉和蕨类孢子为主,含草本植物花粉。根据孢粉特征及测年结果,划分出了4个孢粉组合带,恢复了本区植被演化和气候波动的4个阶段。探讨了孢粉来源,通过研究松属与温度的关系,得出泉州地区松属树种的兴衰与温度关系比较密切的结论。泉州湾晚全新世的海侵,可能是沉积物供给的减少或沿海地区构造的下降,不一定是海面上升的结果。     

江苏海门王浩钻孔全新世钙质超微化石的环境意义

初步研究了海门王浩地区ＷＺＫ０１０、ＷＺＫ２１４、ＷＺＫ３００３钻孔中的全新世钙质超微化石组合,优势种Ｇ．ｏｃｅａｎｉｃａ在组合中平均占９７％,依据化石的种数,丰度和保存状况,自下而上划分３个亚组合,第Ｉ亚组合,深度７４－４７ｍ,由Ｇ．ｏｃｅａｎｉｃａ,Ｈ．ｃａｒｔｅｒｉｉ,Ｈ．ｗａｌｌｉｃｈ ｉｉ,Ｓ．ｌａｍｉｎａ,Ｕ．ｓｉｂｏｇａｅ组成,丰度较高,保存较好,代表前三角洲－浅海环境,第Ⅱ亚组合,     

Modern benthic foraminifera on Banco Chinchorro,Quintana Roo,Mexico

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages may be used as environmental indicators on Banco Chinchorro, an isolated carbonate platform off the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. Seventy-seven species from 44 genera were identified in 14 surface sediment samples, which were collected along an E–W windward-to-leeward transect across the platform. A total of 15,493 foraminiferal tests (max. 1,200 tests per sample) were investigated and served as the basis of this study. As many taxa range throughout several platform zones, assemblages are better environmental indicators as compared to individual species. Four foraminiferal assemblages were identified using statistical methods including (1) a Homotrema assemblage, which occurs at the windward platform margin, (2) an Archaias-Homotrema assemblage which is found on the leeward margin and on platform interior coral patch reefs, (3) a Quinqueloculininae-Archaias-Rosalina assemblage of the western platform, and (4) an Archaias-Quinqueloculininae assemblage characteristic of the eastern platform interior. Environmental factors which influence variation in foraminiferal distribution and diversity on Banco Chinchorro include exposure to waves and currents and substrate (plant and algal growth). Sediment transport does not play a major role in Banco Chinchorro based on the observation that there are only limited amounts of taxa found outside their typical habitats, and, that mean grain-size and sorting of foraminiferal tests do not exhibit clear patterns. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Late Holocene pollution in the Gernika estuary (southern Bay of Biscay) evidenced by the study of Foraminifera and Ostracoda

The Arketas pier in the Gernika estuary (southern Bay of Biscay) has during summer periods waters with strong hypoxia (1 ml l^–1) but curiously bears the richest assemblages of foraminifers and ostracods in the whole estuary. The most abundant species in Arketas are: Ammonia beccarii, Cribroephidium williamsoni, Haynesina germanica and Lobatula lobatula (foraminifers) Loxoconcha elliptica and Leptocythere castanea (ostracods). The benthic foraminifer sub-species A. beccarii tepida exhibits in this estuary three different morphotypes, whose distributions are controlled by changes in the salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrient content of the waters, and thus could be used as a good indicator of environmental alteration caused by those parameters. To determine whether this environmental alteration is due to natural causes or is anthropogenic, micropalaeontologic and sedimentologic contents of a sediment core 140 cm thick have been analysed. The study of Foraminifera and Ostracoda assemblages, species diversity, and A. beccarii tepida morphotypes allows us to reconstruct the evolution of this part of the estuary over the last 3800 years. To examine anthropogenic effects at this site, we compared the occurrence of heavy metals Pb, As, with the record of A. beccarii tepida morph C in Arketas. The maximum concentration of heavy metals coincides with the maximum occurrence of A. b. tepida morph C, in the 1970s (date calculated according to the estimated rate of sedimentation in this area). This indicates that distribution of A. b. tepida morph C is, at least partially, caused by heavy metal pollution. Nevertheless, the fact that we have found no deformed tests of this taxa in Arketas induces us to think that another factor, such as dysaerobia caused by eutrophization of nutrient inputs in several areas of this estuary, might have been responsible for at least of part of the anomalous shift of A. b. tepida morph C at that time. In recent times, an increase in this anthropogenic activity was evident, reaching its maximum in the 1970s and decreasing from the 1980s. During the late Holocene period (up to 3500 years BP), this site was a middle-outer estuarine settlement, euryhaline with low to moderate salinity. This episode ends with a marine transgressive pulsation. After depositional hiatus of unknown duration, recent sediments suggest a modern palaeogeographic position of Arketas located in a lower estuary environment. The study of A. beccarii through the Holocene sediments of Arketas indicates that dysaerobic/pollution conditions were not a singular event. At the same time, the increase of A. b. tepida morph C were particularly strong over several years of the 20th Century, at precisely the time that a noticeable decrease of richness and diversity of calcareous microfauna is detected in the estuary.     

Deep-sea ecosystem variability of the Aegean Sea during the past 22 kyr as revealed by Benthic Foraminifera

Specific responses of the regional deep-sea ecosystems to climatic and oceanographic processes during the last 22 kyr are revealed by benthic foraminiferal faunas from two cores in the northern and southern Aegean Sea. Under glacial boundary conditions, high-diversity benthic foraminiferal faunas and elevated benthic foraminiferal numbers indicate enhanced organic matter availability and well-ventilated deep-water masses in the whole Aegean Sea. The glacial termination is accompanied by significant fluctuations in productivity and deep-water ventilation. In the northern Aegean Sea, meltwater inflow from mountain glaciers during the Bølling/Allerød warm period resulted in a restriction of local deep-water formation, as mirrored by a dominance of bolivinids. During the deposition of sapropel S1, drops in benthic foraminiferal number and diversity are more significant in the southern Aegean Sea when compared to the north. This suggests the persistence of local deep-water formation in the northern Aegean Sea during S1 deposition. In addition, faunal fluctuations within S1 at both sites suggest the repeated influence of short-term cooling events on the re-ventilation and re-colonization of Aegean deep-sea ecosystems. During the middle and late Holocene, benthic foraminiferal faunas document the establishment of oligotrophic and well-ventilated conditions in the southern Aegean Sea. The corresponding faunas from the northern Aegean Sea reflect generally mesotrophic conditions and variable deep-water oxygenation. During the entire Holocene, the deep-sea ecosystems of this region responded very sensitively to short-term changes in humidity and temperature. These abrupt climate changes controlled the inflow of nutrients from rivers and the Black Sea and the formation of local deep-water masses.     

Holocene sedimentary history of some coastal plains in Hokkaido,Japan IV. Diatom assemblages in the sediments from Kushiro moor (2)

Diatom assemblages of sediments obtained from three sites on Kushiro Moor were analyzed to investigate the Holocene sedimentary history. The results showed that: 1) The Takkobu site was originally at the bottom of the paleo-Kushiro Bay, and after-wards the paleo-Takkobu Lagoon developed, became sealed off, and changed to a freshwater lake. The succession to peat moor probably began about 2000 yr B.P. at the Takkobu site. 2) The Tsurui site was originally at the bottom of the paleo-Kushiro Bay, then changed to the paleo-Kushiro Lagoon and became peat moor as a result of the first Holocene regression, which finished about 3600 yr B.P. The site then returned to a brackish lake again, probably due to the second Holocene transgression between 3600 and 3000 yr B.P., thereafter passing through brackish lake and freshwater lake stages, and eventually becaming peat moor at about 2000 yr B.P., 3) At the Chuo site, the second paleo-Kushiro Bay developed again as a result of the second Holocene transgression, which finished about 3000 yr B.P. Thereafter, brackish or freshwater lakes, rivers, and then peat moor developed in the central area of Kushiro Moor. 4) The second marine diatom zone (MD₂ Zone), which indicates the second Holocene transgression, complete by about 3000 yr B.P., is detected only at the Chuo site in the central area of Kushiro Moor.     

Holocene sedimentary history of some coastal plains in Hokkaido,Japan V. Sedimentary history of Kushu Lake and Akkeshi

Diatom assemblages of sediments obtained from Kushu Lake and Akkeshi were analyzed in order to clarify the local Holocene sedimentary history. The results revealed the following: 1) Sometime before about 9000 yr B.P., Kushu Lake was originally a freshwater environment. 2) The first marine diatom zone (MD₁ Zone) was deposited on the bottom of the paleo-Kushu Bay between 8500 and 6000 yr B.P. 3) This site changed to become the bottom of the paleo-Kushu Lagoon around 6000 yr B.P. owing to the formation of a bay-mouth bar across the paleo-Kushu Bay and the first Holocene regression resulted in a freshwater lake at about 4500 yr B.P. 4) At this time, the Akkeshi site changed from a sublittoral shore in a drowned valley to a peat moor. 5) The second Holocene transgression at about 3000 yr B.P. was detected at the Akkeshi site. 6) At Kushu Lake site the occurrence ofMastogloia elliptica between 7000 and 5000 yr B.P. suggested the influx of the Tsushima warm current into the Japan Sea.     

Foraminifera in the diet of coral reef fish from the lagoon of New Caledonia: Predation, digestion, dispersion

Marine benthic Foraminifera are abundant and thus represent a potential food source for fish. Previous studies of Foraminifera in fish diets have examined only small samples, with significant input reported only for a single surface-feeding species of fish. The present study is the first based on a significant sample (247 fish belonging to 83 species, 291 species of Foraminifera identified from more than 20,000 specimens examined). It provides new information on the contribution of Foraminifera to fish diets, and on the impact of fish predation on Foraminifera. The planktonic Tretomphalus phases, selectively ingested by Pomacentrus amboinensis, were the only significant nutritional input from Foraminifera. Herbivorous fish accidentally ingested living epiphytic Foraminifera, which were still living after digestion, and were defecated, with a significant effect on their dispersion. Carnivorous fish ingested a small number of tests, which were generally altered by the acidic phase of digestion and had no impact on foraminiferal assemblages. Sediment feeders ingested large quantities of empty tests that were released elsewhere, suggesting a possible bias in paleontological interpretations by mixing the thanatocoenoses. Observations on gut contents showed that the fish sometimes fed on a wide range of food, changing with food availability and individual preferences of fish.     

Innovations among Paleogene planktonic foraminifera

Comparison of results from ODP Sites in the Indian and Antarctic Oceans with published data, reveal that planktonic foraminifera underwent considerable radiation, diversification, proliferation and expansion, throughout the 21 Myr duration of the Eocene, the longest, warmest epoch of the Cenozoic.

Fundamental changes in wall texture and test architecture occurred in equatorial, tropical, temperate, austral and boreal oceans.

One hundred new species appeared, 83 of them in tropical waters, mainly within the first eight of eleven biozones.

Lineages in the evolving continuum of Morozovella in the tropics and Acarinina in high latitudes contributed to the proliferation of muricate taxa.

Cosmopolitanism in the warm oceans of the Early‐Middle Eocene was followed by declining diversity in the Late Eocene when temperate species expanded into the tropics.

Slow taxonomic evolution continued throughout the 13 Myr duration of the Oligocene, within five zones. Provincialism in the cooling oceans was followed by progressive and iterative evolution of new lineages.

Innovative morphologies are illustrated for Pseudohastigerina, Globigerinatheka, Hantkenina, Turborotalia, Globigerina and Tenuitella.     

宁波北仑山区植被的数量分类

本文运用组平均法、主成份分折法和主坐标分析法对宁波北仑山区28个样地进行了分类,三种分类结果得到较好的统一,初步划分出7个群系与10个群丛,建立了该地区森林植被的分类系统。