用PCR扩增和克隆鸡传染性贫血病毒全基因组DNA

根据已发表的序列,分别在鸡贫血病毒(CAV)环形基因组DNA(全长2.3kb)的EcoRI位点和BamHI位点的两侧选择适当序列合成两对引物,用PCR技术,从斑点杂交检测到病毒核酸的CAV感染的MDCC-RP1细胞基因组DNA中,分别扩增出包含EcoRI和BamHI分割开的病毒基因组两部分(1.5kb和0.8kb)约1.5kb和约1.25kb的两个片段.再将其中相应序列拼接克隆进pUC18载体,获得包含CAV全基因组序列DNA片段的克隆质粒pCAV2.4.酶切分析表明,该质粒具有预期的BamHI位点、PstI位点、HindⅢ位点,而预期的EcoRI位点消失.重组质粒插入DNA片段的两端序列分析表明,质粒pCAV2.4是包含CAV全基因组序列的重组质粒,插入DNA片段序列中的EcoRI位点序列发生了一个碱基突变.     

感染性猪圆环病毒2型基因组DNA的分子克隆

本研究通过PCR扩增出猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)的全基因组(1 768bp),克隆入pcDNA3载体的EcoRI酶切应点,获得含有PCV-2全基因组的重组质粒,命名为pcDNApcv2.将重组质粒大量扩增后,用EcoRI切出1 768bp的PCV-2全基因组,在体外用T4 DNA连接酶使其连接环化.用脂质体法将体外连接产物转染无PCV污染的PK-15细胞,经4次连续传代,用间接免疫荧光实验(IFA)及电镜观察证实已获得复制能力的PCV-2病毒.由此可见,本试验构建的环化的PCV-2全基因组DNA具有感染性.     

分子克隆化禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒传染性及其前病毒全基因组序列研究

利用脂质体转染技术,将含有SNV株禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒 （REV）前病毒全基因组cDNA克隆质粒转染鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）.用对REV的单克隆抗体和抗REV env-gp90的鼠血清作间接免疫荧光反应,在原始的转染细胞及随后传代的细胞中均显示病毒特异性抗原.而且,在连续传代细胞中的阳性率明显升高.用REV特异性引物对进一步传代后的细胞基因组作PCR,也检测出REV基因组.这些结果均表明所得到的分子克隆化病毒具有传染性,因而也进一步证明所用的质粒克隆包含有具感染性的全病毒基因组.对该全基因组cDNA克隆进行酶切所获得的数个亚克隆进行测序,并将序列进行拼接,完成了REV全基因组序列.REV的这个传染性克隆将有助于进一步研究REV的分子生物学特性.     

用PCR扩增和克隆鸡传染性贫血病毒全基因组DNA

根据已发表的序列,分别在鸡贫血病毒（ＣＡＶ）环形基因组ＤＮＡ（全长２．３ｋｂ）的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点和ＢａｍＨＩ位点的两侧选择适当序列合成两对引物,用ＰＣＲ技术,从斑点杂交检测到病毒核酸的ＣＡＶ感染的ＭＤＣＣＲＰ１细胞基因组ＤＮＡ中,分别扩增出包含ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＢａｍＨＩ分割开的病毒基因组两部分（１．５ｋｂ和０．８ｋｂ）约１．５ｋｂ和约１．２５ｋｂ的两个片段。再将其中相应序列拼接克隆进ｐＵＣ１８载体,获得包含ＣＡＶ全基因组序列ＤＮＡ片段的克隆质粒ｐＣＡＶ２．４。酶切分析表明,该质粒具有预期的ＢａｍＨＩ位点、ＰｓｔＩ位点、ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点,而预期的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点消失。重组质粒插入ＤＮＡ片段的两端序列分析表明,质粒ｐＣＡＶ２．４是包含ＣＡＶ全基因组序列的重组质粒,插入ＤＮＡ片段序列中的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点序列发生了一个碱基突变。     

鸡贫血病毒VP1和VP1蛋白在家蚕中的联合表达

将鸡贫血病毒vp1和vp2基因分别克隆入转移载体pBacPAK8中,获得重组转移质粒pBac-vp1和pBac-vp2。以上两质粒分别与CunI酶切线性化的亲本病毒Bm-Bacpak6DNA共转染家蚕细胞,通过蓝白斑筛选,纯化得到重组病毒Bm-vp1和Bm-vp2。PCR分析表明vp1和vp2基因已整合进杆状病毒基因组中。将Bm-vp1和Bm-vp2共感染5龄家蚕,通过表达产物免疫SPF鸡产生的抗血清与CAV感染的MDCC－MSB1细胞的间接荧光抗体分析,证明表达产物能诱导鸡产生的抗体,而且能够保护子代鸡免受CAV的攻击。该研究表明,表达VP1和VP2蛋白的重组家蚕杆状病毒（Recombinant BmNP)是很有前途的CAV亚单位疫苗的生产系统。     

表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的构建

为探讨鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)作为载体表达外源基因的可行性,本研究根据IBV H120疫苗株的全基因组序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法分10个片段对其基因组进行扩增,并克隆至pMD19-T载体中;同时构建IBV基因组5a基因编码区被增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因替换的重组质粒。采用体外拼接策略,将BsaI酶切处理的10个基因片段顺序连接,构建5a基因编码区被EGFP基因替换的基因组全长cDNA,其5’端具有完整的T7 RNA聚合酶启动子核心序列,3’端具有polyA尾巴结构。然后通过T7 RNA聚合酶体外转录系统合成病毒基因组RNA,脂质体转染BHK-21细胞进行病毒拯救。结果表明成功的从基因组全长cDNA拯救出重组病毒H120-5a/EGFP株,其在鸡胚中能有效的复制和传代,并表达绿色荧光蛋白;5a基因的缺失并不影响病毒对鸡胚的致病性。本研究为进一步开展IBV的分子致病机理、载体疫苗等研究奠定了基础。     

鸡减蛋综合症病毒（EDSV）基因组右末端结构的分析

从中国发病鸡中分离的鸡减蛋综合征病毒（ＥｇｇＤｒｏｐＳｙｎｄｒｏｍＶｉｒｕｓ,ＥＤＳＶ）弱毒株（ＡＡ－２）,其基因组全长约为３３ｋｂ。用限制性内切酶ＨｉｎｄⅢ水解ＥＤＳＶ全基因组,构建了以ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔⅡ（ＫＳ＋）为载体的右末端片段的克隆。对其进行了序列 测定和结构分析。     

YY1抑制效应的破坏可促进人乳头瘤病毒16型癌基因的转录

人乳头瘤病毒１６型（ＨＰＶ１６）癌基因的表达受病毒早期启动子Ｐ９７的控制。位于ＬＣＲ上ＹＹ１蛋白结合位点的破坏可明显提高Ｐ９７的活性。为了观测ＹＹ１位点破坏在全基因组范围内对病毒ｅ６／ｅ７基因转录的影响,将构建的带有ＬＣＲ特异性突变的重组ＨＰＶ１６全基因组ＤＮＡ和ＨＰＶ１６野毒株ＤＮＡ转染至培养细胞,同时组建ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ６反向序列ＲＮＡ体外转录质粒。ＲＮａｓｅ保护试验证实,突变ＨＰＶ１６ＤＮＡ在短     

利用Gibson DNA组装技术构建人5型腺病毒感染性克隆

为了构建人5型腺病毒(HAdV-5)的感染性克隆,我们使用了Gibson DNA组装技术。设计1对引物用于扩增质粒骨架(包含卡那霉素抗性基因和质粒的复制起点,KAN-ORI),在引物的5'端添加HAdV-5基因组末端序列(约30NT)和Pac I位点,以携带卡那霉素抗性基因的pShuttle-CMV质粒为模板,PCR扩增得到KAN-ORI片段,该片段的两端均含有约30bp的HAdV-5基因组序列。将KAN-ORI片段与利用野毒扩增纯化的HAdV-5基因组混合,进行Gibson DNA组装反应;反应产物直接转化E.coli感受态细胞,涂布含卡那霉素的LB琼脂平板。挑取菌落,提取质粒,命名为pKAd5。限制性酶切鉴定的结果显示,所鉴定的质粒均含有完整的HAdV-5基因组。使用PacⅠ酶切线性化pKAd5,利用脂质体转染293细胞,转染4d后单层细胞出现病毒噬斑。拯救的病毒能够在HEp-2细胞扩增;电子显微镜观察呈现典型的腺病毒形态;提取病毒DNA,酶切鉴定的结果与预期的HAdV-5基因组相同,证实HAdV-5得到成功拯救。上述研究结果说明使用Gibson DNA组装技术构建HAdV-5感染性克隆简便易行,为其他DNA病毒基因组的克隆提供了新思路。     

Characterization of cloned chicken anemia virus DNA that contains all elements for the infectious replication cycle.

Circular double-stranded replication intermediates were identified in low-molecular-weight DNA of cells of the avian leukemia virus-induced lymphoblastoid cell line 1104-X-5 infected with chicken anemia virus (CAV). To characterize the genome of CAV, we cloned linearized CAV DNA into the vector pIC20H. Transfection of the circularized cloned insert into chicken cell lines caused a cytopathogenic effect, which was arrested when a chicken serum with neutralizing antibodies directed against CAV was added. Chickens inoculated at 1 day of age with CAV collected from cell lines transfected with cloned CAV DNA developed clinical signs of CAV. The 2,319-bp cloned CAV DNA contained all the genetic information needed for the complete replication cycle of CAV. The CAV DNA sequence has three partially overlapping major reading frames coding for putative peptides of 51.6, 24.0, and 13.6 kDa. The CAV genome probably contains only one promoter region and only one poly(A) addition signal. Southern blot analysis using oligomers derived from the CAV DNA sequence showed that infected cells contained double- and single-stranded CAV DNAs, whereas purified virus contained only the minus strand. It is the first time that the genome of one of the three known single-stranded circular DNA viruses has been completely analyzed.     

表达狂犬病毒糖蛋白抗原的重组犬2型腺病毒的构建及鉴定

为研制一种预防犬科动物狂犬病的新型疫苗,将含有狂犬病毒ERA株糖蛋白基因(Rabies glycoprotein,Rgp)表达盒的穿梭质粒pVAXΔE3Rgp中的Rgp表达盒克隆入犬2型腺病毒(Canine adenovirus type2,CAV2)骨架质粒pPoly2-CAV2中,获得重组质粒pPoly2-CAV2-ΔE3-Rgp,释放其基因组,转染MDCK细胞系,获得E3缺失区(Deletion of early protein3,ΔE3)含有Rgp表达盒的重组病毒CAV2-ΔE3-Rgp。该重组病毒能在MDCK细胞上产生典型的腺病毒细胞病变。通过酶切、PCR、基因测序,表明该重组病毒含有完整的Rgp表达盒。通过RT-PCR、Western blot等检测,表明该重组病毒能够表达Rgp抗原。用该重组病毒免疫犬,3次免疫后,可以诱导犬产生特异的抗CAV2HI抗体,其效价超过1∶256和抗狂犬病病毒(Rabies virus,RV)中和抗体,其效价超过0.50IU/mL。试验结果表明,获得的重组病毒免疫犬后,能够产生抗狂犬病毒和腺病毒的高效价保护性抗体,是一种有潜力的犬科动物狂犬病毒腺病毒二联疫苗候选株。     

In vitro phenotypic markers of a poliovirus recombinant constructed from infectious cDNA clones of the neurovirulent Mahoney strain and the attenuated Sabin 1 strain.

Infectious cDNA corresponding to the entire genome of the attenuated Sabin strain of type 1 poliovirus has been inserted into EcoRI site of bacterial plasmid pBR325. Two consecutive PstI fragments (nucleotide positions 1814 to 3421) of the infectious cDNA of the Sabin 1 strain were replaced by the corresponding DNA fragments prepared from an infectious DNA clone of the genome of the virulent Mahoney strain of poliovirus type 1. The exchanged segment encodes capsid protein VP1 and part of capsid protein VP3, a region in which a large number of amino acid differences between the attenuated Sabin and the parental, neurovirulent Mahoney strain cluster. The recombinant virus was obtained by DNA transfection of HeLa S3 cells, and several in vitro phenotypes of the virus were compared with those of the parental viruses. The recombinant virus was recognized by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody specific to the Mahoney strain. Growth of the Sabin strain of poliovirus has been shown to be quite dependent upon the bicarbonate concentration (d marker). The growth of the recombinant virus, however, was not highly dependent upon the concentration of bicarbonate in cell culture media, and thus resembled that of the Mahoney strain. On the other hand, the temperature-sensitive multiplication (rct marker) and the small-plaque morphology of the recombinant virus corresponded to the phenotype of the Sabin 1 strain. The in vitro recombination of infectious cDNA clones of genomic RNA and subsequent analysis of the growth properties of the recombinant virus have allowed us to correlate specific mutations in the genome of an RNA virus with certain biological characteristics of that virus.     

Characterization of endogenous and exogenous mouse mammary tumor virus proviral DNA with site-specific molecular clones.

Restriction fragments of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) proviral DNA were obtained by molecular cloning procedures. A 4-kilobase fragment delimited by two PstI sites was isolated from unintegrated, linear MMTV DNA and amplified in the pBr322 plasmid vector. EcoRI fragments of proviral DNA, integrated into the genome of a GR mammary tumor cell line, were isolated as lambda recombinant molecules. Five different recombinant phages which contained the 3' region of the MMTV proviral DNA and adjacent host DNA sequences were isolated. Heteroduplex analysis and S1 nuclease digestion suggested that there is no extensive sequence homology in the host DNA flanking the different proviral genes. The cloned DNA was fractionated into site-specific restriction fragments which served as molecular probes in the analysis of the endogenous MMTV proviral copies of C3H, GR, BALB/c, and feral mice. This allowed the correlation of MMTV-specific EcoRI fragments obtained from genomic DNA of these strains with the 5' and 3' ends of the proviral gene. Restriction fragments of two clones which contained the proviral sequences adjacent to the flanking host DNA as well as 1 to 2 kilobases of host DNA were used as hybridization probes, and the results allow the following conclusions: the proviral DNA of both clones contains nucleotide sequences complementary to the 5' and 3' ends of proviral DNA; and the host DNA flanking one clone belongs to the unique class of genomic DNA, whereas the DNA flanking the second clone is reiterated at least 15 times within the mouse genome.     

NF-κB决定小鼠胎肝激酶-1基因启动子的基本活性

为克隆小鼠胎肝激酶-1（fetal liver kinase-1,FLK-1）基因上游启动子序列,并观察其不同截短片段在小鼠血管内皮细胞中的启动子活性,以小鼠全基因组为模板,通过PCR扩增方法获得-258～+299 bp、-96～+299 bp、-71～+299 bp、-36～+299 bp大小的FLK-1启动子片段,将其定向克隆入pGL3 Basic,构建荧光素酶报告基因载体,并制备NF -κB结合位点的突变或缺失体.在阳离子脂质体介导下,报告基因载体瞬时转染小鼠血管内皮细胞株SVEC 4-10.结果发现,在小鼠血管内皮细胞中,各FLK-1启动子片段均有活性;－71～－36 bp区存在FLK-1启动子的核心调控元件.针对该区域NF-κB结合位点进行突变或缺失,能导致启动子活性显著降低;凝胶电泳迁移率实验表明该区段能结合转录因子NF-κB.结果提示,成功克隆了在血管内皮细胞中具有活性的FLK-1上游启动子序列,NF-κB是决定其基本活性的重要转录因子,为进一步研究FLK-1基因的转录调控机制奠定了基础.     

C型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因的克隆与表达

利用PCR技术,从C型产气荚膜梭菌染色体基因组中扩增了1．2kb的α毒素基因,将纯化的PCR产物与载体pGEM-T连接,转化至受体菌JM109中,经NcoI／EcoRI和BamHI／EcoRI酶切鉴定及核苷酸序列测定证实,重组质粒pXCPAl中含有α毒素全基因。随后用NcoI／EcoRI酶切质粒pXCPAl,回收α毒素基因片段,插入到事先经同样酶切处理的载体pET-28c中相应酶切位点,构建了表达质粒pETXAl,经NcoI／EcoRI和BamHI／EcoRI酶切鉴定及核苷酸序列测定证实,表达质粒含有α毒素基因且基因序列和阅读框架正确。重组菌株BL21(DE3)(pETXAl)表达产物经ELISA检测和SDS-PAGE分析,重组菌株表达的α毒素蛋白能够被α毒素单抗识别,其表达量占菌体总蛋白相对含量的16．28％。     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白在大肠埃希菌中的表达及鉴定

目的表达狂犬病病毒糖蛋白（GP）,用于狂犬病疫苗免疫抗体评估和狂犬病病毒糖蛋白功能的研究。方法采用分析软件,分析其可能的抗原表位,利用PCR方法扩增狂犬病病毒SRV9疫苗株G蛋白抗原位点区域基因,PCR产物经EcoRI和SalI双酶切后,插入大肠埃希菌表达载体pGEX-6P-1,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-6P-1/G87a和pGEX-6P-1/G100a。将重组质粒转化大肠埃希菌BL21感受态细胞中,在IPTG诱导下表达目的蛋白,进行SDS-PAGE分析。表达蛋白进行电洗脱纯化和Western blot鉴定分析。结果成功构建了pGEX-6P-1/G87a和pGEX-6P-1/G100a表达质粒,序列分析表明,插入片段大小分别为1314 bp和1275 bp。SDS-PAGE分析结果证明,在大肠埃希菌系统中成功表达了狂犬病病毒部分糖蛋白,表达的融合蛋白含有GST标签,大小分别约为74×103和73×103。Western blot鉴定结果表明,表达产物有抗原特异性并能与狂犬病病毒抗血清反应。结论利用大肠埃希菌表达系统成功表达了狂犬病病毒部分糖蛋白,表达产物有良好的反应原性。     

Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the human beta-microseminoprotein gene

Beta-microseminoprotein (MSP) is a small protein (94 amino acids) synthesized by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland and secreted into the seminal plasma. Restriction endonuclease mapping of human genomic DNA with a human MSP cDNA probe identified a 19 kilobase (Kb) hybridizing band in both EcoRI and BamHI digestions. Subsequently, the 19 Kb EcoRI fragment of human genomic DNA containing the MSP gene was isolated and cloned into an EMBL4 phage vector. Screening of the recombinant phages resulted in the isolation of one clone containing the MSP gene. Restriction endonuclease mapping and sequence analysis of this clone revealed the human MSP gene of approximately 15 Kb in length. The gene contains four exons and three large introns of approximately 6, 1, and 7 Kb.     

Localization of a herpes simplex virus neurovirulence gene dissociated from high-titer virus replication in the brain.

Previous studies with the herpes simplex virus type 1 X type 2 intertypic recombinant RS6 suggested that the genomic region from 0.11 to 0.14 map units is involved in neurovirulence (R. T. Javier, R. L. Thompson, and J. G. Stevens, J. Virol. 61:1978-1984, 1987). To study this further, we isolated an RS6-derived herpes simplex virus intertypic recombinant (R13-1) which has a genetic defect within this area. After inoculation into mouse brains, R13-1 was found to be approximately 10,000-fold less neurovirulent than either the wild-type type 1 or type 2 parental virus. However, R13-1 replicated in the mouse brain to titers resembling those of the wild-type parents. Further comparisons with wild-type counterparts indicated that R13-1 expressed equivalent levels of the enzyme thymidine kinase and replicated to intermediate levels in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts maintained at the normal body temperature for mice. Using marker rescue techniques combined with in vivo selection, we found that recombination between unit-length R13-1 DNA and a cloned type 1 DNA fragment spanning the region from 0.11 to 0.14 map units (EcoRI-d, 0.079 to 0.192 map units) generated viruses with a wild-type neurovirulence phenotype. To further refine the genomic region of interest, we performed marker rescue experiments using two EcoRI-d subclones, EcoRI/BamHI dc (0.079 to 0.143 map units) and BamHI/EcoRI and (0.143 to 0.192 map units), representing the left and right halves of the EcoRI d fragment, respectively. In these experiments the EcoRI/BamHI dc clone, but not the BamHI/EcoRI ad clone, yielded recombinant viruses exhibiting wild-type neurovirulence. These results show that at least one herpes simplex virus gene function associated with neurovirulence is located within a 9.1-kilobase region at 0.079 to 0.143 map units of the viral genome. Perhaps more significantly, the results indicate that this neurovirulence property functions independently of high-titer virus replication in the brain.     

兔IFRG基因的克隆及表达分析

实验通过对兔子基因组DNA进行PCR获得兔IFRG基因,将其克隆到pGEM-T载体,双酶切鉴定和测序结果表明成功构建了重组克隆载体pGEM-T-IFRG。通过RT-PCR分析发现IFRG基因在兔不同组织中有不同程度的表达。将重组克隆载体pGEM-T-IFRG和表达载体pET-41（c）经过EcoR1和Xho1双酶切后连接构建重组表达载体pET-41（c）-IFRG,将双酶切鉴定正确的重组表达载体转化入E.coli BL21,IPTG诱导融合蛋白的表达,SDS-PAGE结果显示兔IFRG基因在大肠杆菌中得到了良好的表达。