东亚飞蝗谷胱甘肽S-转移酶分离纯化

通过硫酸铵沉淀技术和GSH-agarose亲和层析对东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen)5龄若虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferases,GSTs)进行了分离纯化。结果表明GSTs活性在硫酸铵各沉淀段均有分布,但在55%～100%沉淀段活性较高,在硫酸铵饱和度为85%时比活力最高,达到420.33μmol/min/mg protein,纯化倍数为18.86。根据硫酸铵粗沉淀谷胱甘肽S-转移酶结果,选择硫酸铵浓度为60%～90%沉淀段进行GSH-agarose亲和层析,纯化后比活力最高达到1365.29μmol/min/mg protein,纯化倍数达到61.25。经SDS-PAGE鉴定,得到的GST为1条带,亚基的分子量约为24kDa。     

重组人肝刺激物在原核细胞中的表达与纯化

利用基因重组技术 ,构建成人肝刺激因子 (hHSS)和谷胱甘肽转移酶 (GST)融合表达载体 ,转化大肠杆菌BL 2 1(DE3 ) ,以His·Tag亲和层析纯化表达产物 ,FactorXa切割分离hHSS单体 ,并检测其生物学活性。结果显示 ,在pET 4 2a表达体系中hHSS以可溶性蛋白和包涵体两种形式存在 ,GST hHSS表达量占菌体可溶性蛋白的3 0 % ;FactorXa切割GST与hHSS之间肽腱 ,得到 3 3和 15kD两条蛋白带 ,经Western杂交证实 3 3kD条带为GST ,而 15kD条带的分子量与hHSS基因序列推测蛋白结果相符。经His·Tag再次纯化可获得hHSS单体 ,初步证实重组hHSS具有促进肝癌细胞增殖活性     

人细胞核dUTPase的克隆表达及其酶学活性

以阿尔茨海默病 (Alzheimer’sdisease ,AD)患者脑cDNA文库质粒为模板 ,用PCR方法扩增得到人细胞核dUTP焦磷酸酶 (dUTPase)的cDNA ,将其克隆到谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶 (GST)融合表达载体pGEX 4T 1中 ,并在大肠杆菌BL2 1中获得高效表达 .表达的融合蛋白GST dUTPase经过谷胱甘肽 Sepharose 4B亲和层析 ,凝血酶酶切和SephacrylS 10 0纯化 ,得到高纯度dUTPase蛋白 .通过SDS PAGE ,氨基酸组成分析 ,N端氨基酸序列测定以及HPLC测Mr 结果与期望值一致 .通过检测该酶水解dUTP释放的焦磷酸 (PPi)来测定表达产物dUTPase蛋白及GST dUTPase融合蛋白的酶活性 ,发现两蛋白都具有正常的酶水解dUTP活性 ,但融合蛋白的活性比dUTPase蛋白低 7～ 8倍 .同时研究了Mg2 +和EDTA对酶活性的影响     

人ppGalNAc-T2的原核表达、纯化及其蓖麻蛋白样结构域的结构预测

多肽∶N乙酰氨基半乳糖转移酶(ppGalNAcT)是催化O糖基化的起始酶,在O聚糖的形成中起着关键的作用.为更好地研究该家族酶的结构与功能,采用PCR技术从pDONR201T2得到ppGalNAcT2全长编码序列,亚克隆至原核表达载体pGEX4T1,转化大肠杆菌BL21,获得相应表达产物,用谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)亲和层析柱进行纯化,并进行了Western印迹检测和初步的酶活测定.为进一步研究其功能还在结构研究上利用网络结构模拟SWISSMODEL服务器对ppGalNAcT2的蓖麻蛋白样结构域进行结构模拟.成功构建了原核表达载体pGEX4T1T2,获得有效表达和纯化,并初步鉴定了其活性,同时预测了其可能的三维结构和活性位点.     

CO2激光处理对干旱胁迫小麦幼苗谷胱甘肽抗氧化酶系统的影响

用CO2激光(波长10600 nm,辐射剂量20.1 mW/mm2)对萌动小麦种子分别辐照0、 1、 3、 5 min, 待其长至12 d时,用10%(W/V)PEG 6000胁迫其幼苗.结果表明:CO2激光处理1、 3、 5 min显著提高了还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,显著降低了氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量(5 min除外),导致GSH/GSSG比率显著上升.3 min激光处理显著提高了干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性.通过参与降解因干旱胁迫而过量产生的过氧化产物,实现了细胞解毒功能.此外,1 min和3 min激光处理可显著提高干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)活性和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量,提高了组织内部的抗氧化能力,从而起到保护作用.     

蛋白质沉淀剂对棉铃虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的部分纯化

通过用聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）、硫酸铵、聚乙二醇（PEG）沉淀技术和GSH-Sepharose 4B亲和柱对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)幼虫中谷胱甘肽S-转移酶进行了部分纯化研究。结果表明PEG10000和PEG20000的纯化效果优于硫酸铵的沉淀效果。通过PEI沉淀去核酸后,再用硫酸铵沉淀,中肠和脂肪体GST活性分布在70%～75％和60%～65％沉淀段,比活力分别为1 081.49和596.41 nmol/(min·mg),纯化倍数分别为2.53和2.2。在6种PEG中,PEG10000和PEG20000的纯化效果较好。在中肠和脂肪体中PEG10000沉淀的GST活性峰分别在40%～45％和30%～40％,GST比活力分别为795.11和1 080.18 nmol/(min·mg),纯化倍数分别是2.4和3.97。PEG20000沉淀中肠和脂肪体GST的活性峰分别在25%～40％和25%～45％,比活力分别是767.57和945.96 nmol/(min·mg),纯化倍数分别是2.81和3.05。用GSH-Sepharose 4B纯化中肠GST,GST比活力达到5 888.44 nmol/(min·mg),纯化倍数达到107.38。     

盐地碱蓬GST基因的克隆、序列分析及其表达特征

从盐地碱蓬 (Suaedasalsa)幼苗的cDNA文库中克隆到一个 0 .9kb的全长cDNA ,同源性分析表明该全长cDNA与已报告的大豆 (Glycinemax)GST基因相应序列的同源性达 5 5 % ,可能编码由 2 35个氨基酸组成的谷胱甘肽转移酶 (glutathioneS transferase ,GST)。Southern杂交结果证明GST基因在碱蓬基因组中可能有至少两个以上的拷贝 ;Northern杂交结果表明 ,4 0 0mmol/L的NaCl处理 4 8h ,幼叶中GSTmRNA的表达量是对照的 2～ 3倍 ,说明碱蓬中GST基因受盐诱导     

小地老虎谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶AiGSTs1的分子特性及其对杀虫剂胁迫的响应

[目的]鉴定小地老虎Agrotis ipsilon sigma家族谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)基因,明确其编码蛋白质的催化活性,阐明该基因在小地老虎不同发育期、不同组织及在毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫下的表达模式,为深入探究小地老虎GST在杀虫剂解毒代谢中的功能提供理论基础.[方法]利用同源检索方法从小地老虎转录组中鉴定GST基因,利用原核表达系统表达重组蛋白并使用试剂盒检测其活性,使用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析基因的表达模式.[结果]从小地老虎转录组中鉴定了一个编码sigma家族GST的cDNA序列,命名为AiGSTs1.其编码的AiGSTs1蛋白含有谷胱甘肽结合位点和底物结合位点,具有GSTs的典型特征.在大肠杆菌中成功表达了重组AiGSTs1蛋白,测得此蛋白不仅具有谷胱甘肽转移酶活性,还具有过氧化物酶活性.毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯均可抑制重组AiGSTs1蛋白的活性.AiGSTs1在供试的小地老虎不同发育期和组织中均有表达,但在蛹期和幼虫脂肪体中表达量最高.使用LD5o剂量毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯处理小地老虎幼虫后,AiGSTs1的表达水平显著上升.[结论]本研究明确了小地老虎AiGSTs1的序列、所编码蛋白的活性和表达模式.毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯能够诱导AiGSTs1表达水平上调,表明该基因可能在这2种杀虫剂的解毒代谢中起重要作用.     

中华稻蝗谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的分离纯化

采用硫酸铵沉淀法和GSH-agarose亲和层析法,对中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis(Thunberg)5龄若虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferases,GSTs)进行了分离纯化.结果表明:经硫酸铵沉淀,饱和度在60%-80%下沉淀中GSTs比活力较高,饱和度90%时比活力达到最高...     

西伯利亚蓼谷胱甘肽转移酶和半胱氨酸合成酶基因在酿酒酵母中的共表达

谷胱甘肽转移酶和半胱氨酸合成酶在清除活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)中起重要作用。采用0.36 mol.L-1NaHCO3对西伯利亚蓼(Polygonum sibiricum)进行胁迫处理, 荧光定量PCR分析表明这2个基因的表达受盐胁迫强烈诱导。为了分析2个基因是否具有抗盐能力以及其相互协同能力, 从cDNA文库中获得谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)和半胱氨酸合成酶(CS)2个基因, 分别将GST、CS和GST+CS转入酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)中, 并分别命名转基因酵母为ty-gst、tycs和ty-gc。在1 mol.L-1 Na2CO3和5 mol.L-1 NaCl胁迫处理下, 转基因酵母(ty-gst、ty-cs和ty-gc)的耐盐能力均明显高于野生型酵母(wy), 而三者之间并无显著差别。在0.4 mol.L-1 NaCl胁迫处理下, 转基因酵母(ty-gst、ty-cs和ty-gc)的抗氧化酶类相关基因SOD1、SOD2、GPX1和GPX3的表达量均低于野生型酵母(对照)(wy), 而CTA1表达量均高于野生型酵母(对照)(wy)。转基因酵母ty-cs在0.4 mol.L-1 NaCl胁迫处理前后其超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GPX)的活性均表现为最高。     

Differential induction of class alpha glutathione S-transferases in mouse liver by the anticarcinogenic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole. Purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferase Ya1Ya1.

A novel cytosolic Alpha class glutathione S-transferase (GST) that is not normally expressed in mouse liver was found to be markedly induced (at least 20-fold) by the anti-carcinogenic compound butylated hydroxyanisole. This enzyme (designated GST Ya1 Ya1) did not bind to either the S-hexylglutathione-Sepharose or the glutathione-Sepharose affinity matrices, and purification was achieved by using bromosulphophthalein-glutathione-Sepharose. The purified isoenzyme, which comprises subunits of Mr 25,600, was characterized, and its catalytic, electrophoretic, immunochemical and structural properties are documented. GST Ya1 Ya1 was shown to be distinct from the Alpha class GST that is expressed in normal mouse liver and is composed of 25,800-Mr subunits; the Alpha class isoenzyme that is constitutively expressed in the liver is now designated GST Ya3 Ya3. Hepatic concentrations of GST Ya3 Ya3 were not significantly affected when mice were treated with butylated hydroxyanisole. Both Pi class GST (subunit Mr 24,800) and Mu class GST (subunit Mr 26,400) from female mouse liver were induced by dietary butylated hydroxyanisole. By contrast, hepatic concentrations of microsomal GST (subunit Mr 17,300) were unaffected.     

GST/ AEP 融合蛋白原核表达载体的构建、表达及鉴定

目的：为进一步研究抗癫痫肽（And—epilepsy peptide,AEP）的抗痫机制及筛选其相关作用蛋白,进行GST／AEP融合蛋白原核表达载体的构建及融合蛋白的表达。方法：通过PCR基因扩增对AEP基因进行扩增,并将其克隆于谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）融合蛋白表达质粒pGEX-4T-1中,经酶切、序列鉴定分析后,用该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌B121（DE3）,经IPTG诱导获得表达,并采用Western Blot进行检测。结果：成功构建了AEP原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌B121中获得表达。结论：成功构建了GST／AEP原核表达载体,并表达了GST／AEP融合蛋白。     

Inhibitory effects of auxins and related substances on the activity of an Arabidopsis glutathione S-transferase isozyme expressed in Escherichia coli

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) are encoded by a gene family. Some GSTs have the capacity to bind to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), whereas the gene expression of other GSTs is regulated by auxin. In order to assess a possible physiological significance of the auxin binding of GST, we investigated effects of auxins on the activity of GST expressed in Escherichia coli. cDNA cloning was carried out for the fifth gene ( GST5 ) of GST in Arabidopsis. Although the deduced amino acid sequence of GST5 was remotely related to that of the other Arabidopsis GSTs (less than 20% identical), the GST5 protein (GST5) expressed in E. coli showed GST activity. Apparent K_m values of GST5 are 0.86 and 1.29 m M for glutathione (GSH) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, respectively. IAA, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA) and 2-NAA inhibited the enzyme activity competitively with respect to GSH. The apparent K_i of IAA is 1.56 m M . Salicylic acid inhibited GST activity in a noncompetitive manner. 2,4-D was the most inhibitory among the tested chemicals. GST5 bound to GSH-immobilized agarose gel was effectively eluted by IAA. These results indicate that IAA and the related substances bind to GST5 at the GSH-binding site, and exclude the possibility that the compounds could be substrates for GST5. Although the K_i value of IAA is too high for any physiological consequences, it might be assumed that GST activity is modulated in vivo by an auxin-related substance(s). The steady-state level of the GST5 mRNA was increased by wounding, heat shock, and spraying buffer on the plant, but was not influenced by auxin treatment.     

Human glutathione transferase A3-3, a highly efficient catalyst of double-bond isomerization in the biosynthetic pathway of steroid hormones.

The cDNA of a novel human glutathione transferase (GST) of the Alpha class was cloned, and the corresponding protein, denoted GST A3-3, was heterologously expressed and characterized. GST A3-3 was found to efficiently catalyze obligatory double-bond isomerizations of Delta(5)-androstene-3,17-dione and Delta(5)-pregnene-3,20-dione, precursors to testosterone and progesterone, respectively, in steroid hormone biosynthesis. The catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) with Delta(5)-androstene-3,17-dione was determined as 5 x 10(6) m(-1) s(-1), which is considerably higher than with any other GST substrate tested. The rate of acceleration afforded by GST A3-3 is 6 x 10(8) based on the ratio between k(cat) and the rate constant for the nonenzymatic isomerization of Delta(5)-androstene-3,17-dione. Besides being high in absolute numbers, the k(cat)/K(m) value of GST A3-3 exceeds by a factor of approximately 230 that of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase, the enzyme generally considered to catalyze the Delta(5)-Delta(4) double-bond isomerization. Furthermore, GSTA3-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis of cDNA libraries from various tissues showed a message only in those characterized by active steroid hormone biosynthesis, indicating a selective expression of GST A3-3 in these tissues. Based on this finding and the high activity with steroid substrates, we propose that GST A3-3 has evolved to catalyze isomerization reactions that contribute to the biosynthesis of steroid hormones.     

A phi class glutathione S-transferase from Oryza sativa (OsGSTF5): molecular cloning, expression and biochemical characteristics

A glutathione S-transferase (GST) related to the phi (F) class of enzymes only found in plants has been cloned from the Oryza sativa. The GST cDNA was cloned by PCR using oligonucleotide primers based on the OsGSTF5 (GenBank Accession No. AF309382) sequences. The cDNA was composed of a 669-bp open reading frame encoding for 223 amino acids. The deduced peptide of this gene shared on overall identity of 75% with other known phi class GST sequences. On the other hands, the OsGSTF5 sequence showed only 34% identity with the sequence of the OsGSTF3 cloned by our previous study (Cho et al., 2005). This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli with the pET vector system and the gene product was purified to homogeneity by GSH-Sepharose affinity column chromatography. The expressed OsGSTF5 formed a homo-dimer composed of 28 kDa subunit and its pI value was approximately 7.8. The expressed OsGSTF5 displayed glutathione conjugation activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane and glutathione peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide. The OsGSTF5 also had high activities towards the herbicides alachlor, atrazine and metolachlor. The OsGSTF5 was highly sensitive to inhibition by ShexylGSH, benastatin A and hematin. We propose from these results that the expressed OsGSTF5 is a phi class GST and appears to play a role in the conjugation of herbicide and GPOX activity.     

Expression of two glutathione S-transferase genes in the yeast Issatchenkia orientalis is induced by o-dinitrobenzene during cell growth arrest

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) Y-1 and Y-2 from the yeast Issatchenkia orientalis were purified by passage through a glutathione-agarose column, and the cDNA for GST Y-1 was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence consisted of 188 residues with a total calculated molecular mass of 21,001 Da and showed 36.7% identity to that of GST Y-2, another GST isoenzyme expressed in this strain. Escherichia coli DH5alpha transformed with pUC119 harboring the GST Y-1 gene under the control of the lac promoter exhibited 29-fold-higher GST activity than the same strain with pUC119. Northern blot analysis revealed that both genes were highly expressed in cells cultured in the presence of 200 microM o-dinitrobenzene (DNB), one of the substrates of GST, while only the GST Y-1 gene was expressed, and only slightly, under normal (DNB-free) culture conditions. The DNB in the medium arrested cell growth until it was reduced by conjugation with reduced glutathione. Kinetic analysis of GST gene expression during detoxification of DNB revealed that the levels of expression of both genes were elevated within 3 h after the addition of DNB and that they further increased until 12 h postaddition. The levels of expression of both genes were decreased markedly when the DNB concentration in the culture medium was lowered. These results suggest that I. orientalis cells sense xenobiotics and arrest cell growth as a mechanism for preventing the induction of mutations by these compounds, while the levels of expression of the GST genes are up-regulated for detoxification.     

MAGE-3原核表达载体的构建和表达

通过RT-PCR扩增957bp的MAGE-3全长编码序列,将该片段克隆至Pgex-4T-2原核表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL-21,经IPTG诱导表达,并经12%SDSPAGE凝胶电泳,考马斯亮蓝染色及Western blot鉴定,证明了目的基因的有效表达,目的蛋白高达细菌总蛋白的32%。表达产物经Glutathione Sepharose 4B 纯化后,每100mL菌液最终可获得3mg的目的蛋白,蛋白纯度在90%以上。纯化的GST-MAGE-3蛋白在体外冲击树突状细胞,能诱导特异性CTL杀伤肿瘤细胞活性。     

幽门杆菌Catalase/GST融合蛋白的表达、标签切除及鉴定

旨在利用GST融合基因表达系统表达幽门螺杆菌Catalase融合蛋白,并利用凝血酶切除GST标签.将重组质粒Catalase/pGEX-4T-1转化大肠杆菌BL21( DE3)感受态中,用IPTG进行诱导表达,菌体经反复冻融、溶菌酶裂解及超声破菌后,Catalase/GST融合蛋白以部分可溶性的形式表达在上清中.采用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖树脂Glutathione Sepharose 4B对其进行纯化,得到Catalase/GST融合蛋白,再用凝血酶进行GST标签的切除,所得产物进行Western blotting鉴定.高效表达出Catalase/GST融合蛋白的相对分子质量约85 kD,凝血酶成功地切除了GST标签,Western blotting证实Catalase蛋白能被鼠抗Catalase单克隆抗体识别.     

The human glutathione S-transferases: Developmental aspects of the GST1, GST2, and GST3 loci

The expression of the GST1, GST2, and GST3 loci in fetal, neonatal, and infant tissues has been studied using starch gel electrophoresis and chromatofocusing. Each locus demonstrated developmental changes in expression, some of which were specific to a single tissue while others occurred in several tissues. GST1 was not usually expressed in any of the tissues studied before 30 weeks of gestation but steadily increased thereafter until adult levels were reached in late infancy. In neonates and older infants the frequencies of the GST1*0, GST1*1, and GST1*2 alleles were 0.79, 0.07, and 0.14, respectively. GST2 was always expressed in liver and adrenal but was only weakly expressed in spleen, cardiac muscle, and diaphragm. In kidney this locus was not usually expressed until nearly 1 year after birth. The GST3 isoenzymes were present in all fetal, neonatal, and infant tissues, although their expression in liver decreased after 30 weeks of gestation. Other isoenzymes with fast anodal mobilities were also identified in several tissues; these are believed to be GST3 isoenzymes that have undergone posttranslational modification rather than products of the putative GST4 locus. No specifically fetal isoenzymes were detected.