太白山木蚜蝇亚科二新种

本文中国木蚜蝇亚科二新种;即太白山木蚜蝇Ｘｙｌｏｔａ ｔａｂａｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及江氏铜木蚜蝇Ｃｈａｌｃｏｓｙｒｐｈｕｓ （ｘｙｌｏｔｉｎａ）ｊｉａｎｇｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,模式标本保存于上海农学院昆虫标本室。     

中国木蚜蝇族三新种记述(食蚜蝇科,木蚜蝇族)

作者在整理陕西省秦岭山区的食蚜蝇标本时,发现木蚜蝇族3新种,即黑腹短角木蚜蝇Brachypalpoides ni-grabdomenis sp.nov.、紫色木蚜蝇Xylota cupripurpura sp.nov.和红河木蚜蝇Xylota honghe sp.nov..除详细记述新种外,还提供其特征图.模式标本保存于陕西理工学院陕西省资源生物重点实验室.     

中国拟木蚜蝇属二新种及一新记录种（双翅目：食蚜蝇科）

本文记载我国拟木蚜蝇属３种,其中包括褐尾拟木蚜蝇、弓形拟木蚜蝇２个新种及１个新记录种。     

中国长吻蚜蝇属一新种记述(双翅目:蚜蝇科:迷蚜蝇亚科)

记述采自中国海南省的长吻蚜蝇属Lycastris 1新种:黄盾长吻蚜蝇L. flaviscutatis, sp. nov..新种模式标本保存于陕西理工学院陕西省资源生物重点实验室.     

陕西省长角蚜蝇属三新种记述(双翅目,食蚜蝇科,长角蚜蝇族)

作者首次记录陕西省长角蚜蝇属7种,包括3新种:红腹长角蚜蝇Chrysotoxum rufabdominus sp.nov.,拟突额长角蚜蝇Chrysotoxum projicienfrontoides sp.nov.,天台长角蚜蝇Chrysotoxum tiantaiensis sp.nov..模式标本保存于陕西师范大学生命科学学院动物研究所.     

宁夏长角蚜蝇属二新种记述(双翅目,食蚜蝇科)

记述宁夏长角蚜蝇属8种,包括2新种和3种宁夏新纪录种.瘤颜长角蚜蝇Chrysotoxum faciotuberculatum sp.nov.近似Chrysotoxum chinense Shannon,六盘山长角蚜蝇Chrysotoxum liupanshanense sp.nov.近似突额长角蚜蝇Chrysotoxum projicienfrontoides Huo et Zheng.模式标本保存于陕西理工学院动植物标本馆.丽纹长角蚜蝇Chrysotoxum elegans Loew、西伯利亚长角蚜蝇Chrysotoxum sibiricum Loew和紫柏长角蚜蝇Chrysotoxum zibaiensis Huo,Zhang et Zheng为宁夏回族自治区首次记录.     

中国裸眼蚜蝇属研究(双翅目,蚜蝇科)(英文)

记录中国裸眼蚜蝇属Citrogramma 11种 (包括1新种)。文中给出黄色裸眼蚜蝇C. amarilla、阿里山裸眼蚜蝇C.arisanicum、黑腿裸眼蚜蝇C. citrinoides、柑桔裸眼蚜蝇C.citrinum、卡氏裸眼蚜蝇C. currani、吉德裸眼蚜蝇C. gedehanum及新种西藏裸眼蚜蝇Citrogramma xizangensis sp. nov.等种的异名录、形态描述、特征图及分布,研究标本保存于陕西理工学院动植物标本馆。清丽裸眼蚜蝇C. clarum、褐翅裸眼蚜蝇C. fumipenne、松村裸眼蚜蝇C. matsumurai、素木裸眼蚜蝇C.shirakii等作者未见标本,文中仅列出异名录及分布。西藏裸眼蚜蝇,新种Citrogramma xizangensis sp. nov. (图36～41)体长:♂10mm,♀11mm;翅长:♂8mm,♀9mm。本种近似Citrogramma amarilla Mengual,两者颜黄色,后胸腹板具毛,胸部侧板黄色,翅透明,翅膜具微刺,腹部黄色带伸达背板侧缘,但新种雄性前足腿节后腹侧具1列黑色长毛,后者前、中足腿节主要具黑毛,仅基部具黄毛;新种雌性第2背板具1对狭长黄斑,后者第2背板具横带。正模1♂,西藏林芝,2008-09-26,潘朝晖采。副模:1♀,西藏林芝,2008-09-26,潘朝晖采;1♂,西藏林芝,2008-09-24,潘朝晖采。词源:新种种名源自模式产地。     

中国细腹蚜蝇属二新种(双翅目,食蚜蝇科)

记述采自四川川西地区的细腹蚜蝇属2新种:暗颊细腹蚜蝇,新种Sphaerophoria melagena sp.nov.和川西细腹蚜蝇,新种Sphaerophoria chuanxiensis sp.nov..模式标本保存于陕西理工学院动植物标本馆.     

吉林省垂边蚜蝇属二新种记述(双翅目,食蚜蝇科)

在整理吉林省采集的食蚜蝇标本时,发现并记述垂边蚜蝇属2新种,即吉林垂边蚜蝇Epistrophe jilinensis sp.nov.和暗跗垂边蚜蝇E.melatarsis sp.nov.,同时提供其形态特征图。新种模式标本保存在陕西理工学院动植物标本馆及东北师范大学生命科学学院标本馆。     

TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS EPISTROPHE FROM JILIN PROVINCE ( DIPTERA, SYRPHIDAE)

在整理吉林省采集的食蚜蝇标本时,发现并记述垂边蚜蝇属2新种,即吉林垂边蚜蝇Epistrophe jilinensis sp.nov.和暗跗垂边蚜蝇E.melatarsis sp.nov.,同时提供其形态特征图.新种模式标本保存在陕西理工学院动植物标本馆及东北师范大学生命科学学院标本馆.     

Selection of Verticillium lecanii Isolates with High Potential for Biocontrol of Cucumber Powdery Mildew by Means of Components Analysis at Different Humidity Regimes

To identify characteristics for the selection of Verticillium lecanii isolates with high potential for biocontrol of Sphaerotheca fuliginea under glasshouse conditions, an exploratory study was performed on the effect of water limitation on the development of 14 isolates. The conidial germination, growth and sporulation of isolates of V. lecanii were studied in a tritrophic system on cucumber leaves and in a ditrophic system in Petri dishes. Their mycoparasitic ability was studied in S. fuliginea and Cladosporium cladosporioides . All characteristics were clearly affected by humidity. Four isolates showed good biocontrol potential. The performance of isolates on agar had less predictive value than on powdery mildew. The germination of isolates of V. lecanii was lower and the mycelial growth faster on agar than on mildewed leaves under corresponding humidity conditions. The results suggest that conditions in the phyllosphere differed from the set humidity in the surrounding air. A correlation was found between the lysis of C. cladosporioides growing in dual culture on agar with isolates of V. lecanii and the parasitism of powdery mildew on detached, rooted leaves. C. cladosporioides might offer a suitable substrate for testing isolates of V. lecanii for mycoparasitic potential under various environmental conditions. Conidial germination, growth and sporulation had limited predictive value.     

Pandanus subg. Martellidendron (Pandanaceae) part II: revision of sect. Martellidendron Pic. Serm. in Madagascar

This paper provides a taxonomic revision of Pandanus sect. Martellidendron , which so far comprises six species of which only one is known from both staminate and pistillate plants. Research in herbaria and in the field in Madagascar has provided the data on which a revision of the unclear taxonomy of this section can be based. Based on micromorphology, architecture and phytogeography, the number of these dioecious species is reduced. One new species (P. gallinarum Callmander) from the Biosphere reserve of Mananara-North on the east coast is described, and P. karaka Martelli is transferred to this section 30 years after it was assigned to section Dauphinensia. A key to all species of subg. Martellidendron is provided. Finally, the important role of the section for the understanding of the phylogeny of the Pandanaceae is discussed in the context of Indian Ocean biogeography.     

The Natural Host Range of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp. and Their Impact on Insect Populations

The natural host range of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis can be defined as the range of insects which indigenous nematode populations use for propagation. Information on the natural host range is rare. However, based on records of insects found to be naturally infected with nematodes, some conclusions regarding the natural host range of some Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. are presented. Reports of indigenous nematode populations impacting on insect populations can be divided between relatively balanced, long-lasting nematode-host associations and unbalanced, short-lasting epizootics. Examples of the augmentation and inoculative introduction of nematodes in agriculture and forestry ecosystems are presented. Based on current knowledge, nematode reproduction strategies are discussed and indications of the risk involved in the release of non-indigenous nematodes are given.     

Biological Control of Thrips on Ornamental Crops: Interactions Between the Predatory Mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on Cyclamen

Difficulties in controlling outbreaks of Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, have obstructed the widespread adoption of biological control in many ornamental crops. The efficacy of the predatory mite, Neoseiulus cucumeris, in controlling F. occidentalis on two cultivars of cyclamen was tested in glasshouse experiments. The establishment and development of F. occidentalis populations was compared in three treatment introductions of N. cucumeris (50, 200 and 350 mites m -2 per week) and an untreated control. F. occidentalis were sampled in the flowers over eight weeks and counted into different life stages. No differences were observed between the two cultivars. All treatments with the predator resulted in a decline in numbers of F. occidentalis compared to the untreated control. Although the proportion of first instar F. occidentalis was similar in all treatments, the level of control varied with the number of N. cucumeris introduced. Lower populations of F. occidentalis, combined with a more rapid decline in their numbers, were observed at the 200 and 350 mites m -2 rates. Numbers of F. occidentalis remained low in the 350 N. cucumeris m -2 rate and the proportion of second instar F. occidentalis in the samples was consistently lower than in the other treatments. Trap counts of adult F. occidentalis were strongly correlated with the numbers of both adult and total F. occidentalis in flower samples. High inoculative releases of N. cucumeris early in the flowering cycle followed by frequent low introductions of predators should provide a strong basis for preventative control of F. occidentalis and other thrips species on cyclamen.     

Screening Isolates of Hirsutella Species for Biocontrol of Heterodera glycines

The fungi, Hirsutella rhossiliensis and Hirsutella minnesotensis, are two endoparasites of second-stage juveniles (J2) of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. The objective of this study was to screen for effective fungal isolates to control the nematode in laboratory and greenhouse assays. A total of 93 isolates of H. rhossiliensis and 25 isolates of H. minnesotensis were evaluated for parasitism of SCN J2 on cornmeal agar. Percentage of SCN J2 parasitized by the fungi varied among the fungal isolates. Most H. rhossiliensis isolates parasitized a high percentage of J2. The isolates of H. rhossiliensis obtained from bacteria-feeding nematodes, however, generally did not parasitize J2 on agar. H. minnesotensis parasitized fewer J2 on agar than did H. rhossiliensis . Forty isolates of H. rhossiliensis and four isolates of H. minnesotensis that parasitized a high percentage of J2 on agar were evaluated for their biocontrol potential in soil treated with microwave heating. Most isolates selected from the agar assay also parasitized a high percentage of J2 in the soil but there was variation among isolates. Pathogenicity of 14 isolates of H. rhossiliensis and four isolates of H. minnesotensis to the SCN was also investigated in the greenhouse using untreated field soil. Most isolates of H. rhossiliensis reduced SCN population density and increased plant growth when compared with 1% corn-grits control (culture media). One isolate (OWVT-1) of H. rhossiliensis reduced the SCN egg density by 95% and J2 density by 98% when compared with the control. Isolates of H. minnesotensis, however, neither reduced SCN density nor increased plant growth in the greenhouse.     

Phylogenetic relationships and character evolution in New Zealand and selected Australian Gnaphalieae (Compositae) inferred from morphological and anatomical data

Most of the estimated 70–80 species of New Zealand Gnaphalieae are endemic. Those of Anaphalioides , Ewartia , Helichrysum , Leucogenes , Rachelia and Raoulia belong to a putatively monophyletic group which is supported by analysis of nuclear ITS DNA sequences and is virtually confined to New Zealand. All species of Craspedia , Euchiton , Ozothamnus and Pseudognaphalium are excluded from this group. A phylogenetic analysis of 42 species of Gnaphalieae, using 57 morphological, anatomical and palynological characters, was conducted to test the monophyly of this group and to seek evidence of generic relationships. The analysis does not resolve basal relationships among the Gnaphalieae studied here. The putative monophyletic New Zealand group is not retrieved. Monophyly is supported for each of Euchiton , Leucogenes , the whipcord species of Helichrysum , the pulvinate species of Raoulia , and Raoulia subg. Raoulia (excluding the aberrant R. cinerea ), but not for Anaphalioides or Raoulia s.l. There are these two distinct groups in Raoulia s.l. but also a substantial number of isolated species. The sole New Zealand species of Ewartia is not a sister species to Australian Ewartia . The Australian species Ewartia planchonii is the sister species to Euchiton rather than to the other Australian species of Ewartia .  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 141 , 183–203.     

Laboratory Effects of Ingestion of Azadirachtin by Two Pests ( Ceratitis capitata and Spodoptera exigua ) and Three Natural Enemies ( Chrysoperla carnea , Opius concolor and Podisus maculiventris )

The effects of azadirachtin on two pests: neonate larvae and newly emerged adults of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and last instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua (Hubner); and three natural enemies: newly emerged adults of Opius concolor Szepligeti, second instar larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), and fifth instar nymphs of Podisus maculiventris (Say) were studied in laboratory. Adult insects were exposed to a non-oil formulation of azadirachtin (Align, emulsifiable concentrate, 3.2% azadirachtin, Sipcam Inagra, Spain) via their drinking water and immature instars were reared in the presence of the insecticide-treated diet. The natural enemies were exposed to at least the maximum field recommended concentration of the insecticide (0.15% v/v). Azadirachtin was highly toxic to neonate larvae of C. capitata and prevented adult emergence at a concentration of 1 mg a.i. l -1 . When adults were fed the insecticide at the maximum recommended concentration, their survival was not affected but egg laying was totally inhibited. Last instar S. exigua larvae were also very susceptible (LC 50 = 7.7 mg a.i. l -1 ) and at a concentration of 10 mg a.i. l -1 fecundity of surviving adults, and egg fertility, were reduced by 72 and 85%, respectively. Effects on O. concolor were large, and significant reductions in longevity, percentage of attacked hosts, and progeny size per female, were recorded. The predator P. maculiventris was much less sensitive to azadirachtin, but slight reductions in survival of emerged adults and of reproductive parameters occurred. The insecticide had no significant effect on C. carnea larvae fed with treated Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver) eggs, probably because of its inability to penetrate inside the egg.     

Comparison of in vitro decomposition of bryophytic and tracheophytic plant material

The fossil record of bryophytes is generally poor and infertile plants attributable to liverworts and mosses could also be thalloid vascular plant gametophytes or herbaceous lycophytes respectively. The paucity of the bryophytic record could be the result of relatively rapid degradation of bryophytic material in comparison to that of vascular plants, the absence of lignified cells in bryophytes sustaining this belief. However, certain organs of bryophytes are as robust as those of vascular plants (e.g. spores) and the hydroxybenzofuran polymers produced by some mosses could be of similar preservational resistance to lignins. A simplistic experiment to test the relative resistance to decay of bryophytic material has been undertaken. Its findings suggest that bryophytic plant material has a similar preservational potential to that of a selected vascular plant, particularly in organic rich sediments. This result may be construed to imply that bryophytes were indeed less abundant in the preservational environments of the Coal Measures than might be expected on the basis of current palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.     

Des Miliolacea aux Alveolinacea (grands foraminifères): la faune du Crétacé supérieur et du Tertiaire inférieur du Chiapas (S.E. Mexique)

Found in Chiapas (South-East of Mexico), Praealveolina michaudi nov. sp. and Chubbina jamaicensis (of Campanian-Maestrichtian age) are described, both evolved from Nummoloculina sp. while Raadshoovenia guatemalensis (upper Paleocene-lower Eocene) arises from Quinqueloculina. We precisely analyze and modelize the nepionic coiling during the evolutionary change from Miliolacea to Alveolinacea. During ontogenesis as well as during phylogenesis, quinqueloculine coiling progresses to streptospiral and then to planispiral chamber arrangement with the increase of volume of embryo and of chambers. Appearance of these large foraminifers are understood as a consequence of the rise of K-strategies in their mode of life, following the development of photosynthetic symbioses.     

Échinodermes de l'Ordovicien supérieur (Ashgill) de Sardaigne et d'Algérie

Research on the influence of sea level variations on the benthic faunas have been carried out in the Upper Ordovician of Sardinia. Study of the depositional facies and sequence analysis of the upper part (Lower Ashgill) of the Portixeddu Formation led to the identification of the sedimentary environments. Cystoids and crinoids are associated to bryozoans and brachiopods in most levels. The numerical analysis of associations and megaguilds shows that crinoids and cystoids have a higher frequency in the proximal and median facies of the upper offshore. The columnal association characterized by Conspectocrinus celticus and the coronoid Mespilocystites tregarvanicus has been discovered in the upper part of the formation. This material and complementary samples from Upper Ordovician of Sardinia and Kabylia (Algeria) bring additional data on the systematic and show the wide distribution of this fauna outside of the Ibero-armorican domain. The distribution of this echinoderm association supports a palaeogeographical position of the Ibero-armorican domain and Sardinia within the north gondwanan margin during the Lower Palaeozoic.