PBL结合与情景教学在呼吸科医学生实习中的应用价值

目的:研究"以问题为基础"的学习模式(PBL)结合与情景教学在呼吸科医学生实习中的应用价值。方法:将PBL结合与情景教学应用于呼吸科医学生实习中,以此来进行带教实习。结果:PBL结合与情景教学能较好的促进学生的学习能力,使学生由被动学习角色转变为主动学习角色;学生对PBL结合与情景教学具有较高的学习兴趣,能提高学习效率,增加对基础知识掌握的灵活度。结论:PBL结合与情景教学在呼吸科医学生实习中具有较好的应用价值,能充分利用临床资源,培养学生学习能力和临床思维。     

PBL联合CBL在普通外科临床见习中的应用

目的:探讨以问题为基础的教学法(problem based learning,PBL)和案例教学法(case based learning,CBL)在普通外科临床见习中的应用。方法:根据接受教学方式不同,将学生分为PBL联合CBL教学组及传统教学组,以不记名方式进行问卷调查,了解学生对PBL联合CBL教学的意见和建议,并进行统一测试评判2种方式的教学效果。结果:超过80%的学生认为PBL联合CBL教学效果显著,特别有利于提高学习效率及临床思维的培养。统一测试发现联合教学组成绩明显高于传统教学组(P0.01)。结论:PBL联合CBL是普通外科临床见习中值得推广的教学方式。     

PBL教学法在肾科临床见习中的应用

目的:探讨以问题为基础的教学法(Problem Based learning,PBL)在肾科临床见习教学中的应用价值。方法:首都医科大学宣武医院63名参加内科学肾脏病临床见习的七年制学生随机分成对照组和观察组,对照组采用传统的基于授课的教学法进行教学,观察组用PBL教学法进行教学,比较2组学习成绩的差异;向学生发放问卷调查,调查学生对2种教学方法的认可程度。结果:2组学生的填空题、选择题及简答题成绩比较无显著性差异(P0.05);观察组病例分析题成绩好于对照组(P=0.001);培养临床思维、激发学习兴趣方面和自主学习能力方面PBL教学法优于传统教学法(P0.01)。结论:PBL教学法有助于学生临床思维和临床技能的培养,从而使教学质量得到提高。     

以PBL为基础的情景教学法在肺部体格检查教学中的应用

目的探讨以PBL为基础的情景教学法在肺部体格检查教学中运用的效果。方法针对临床医学专业的医学生,在诊断学肺部体格检查的教学中,利用以PBL为基础的情景教学方法进行教学,并对教学效果进行分析。结果以PBL为基础的情景教学法能够较好地提高诊断学教学质量。结论将以PBL为基础的情景教学法运用于肺部体格检查教学中,能取得较好的教学效果,提升学生自主学习能力,培养良好的临床思维。     

PBL教学法在肾科临床见习中的应用

目的：探讨以问题为基础的教学法（Problem Based learning,PBL）在肾科临床见习教学中的应用价值。方法：首都医科大学宣武医院63名参加内科学肾脏病临床见习的七年制学生随机分成对照组和观察组,对照组采用传统的基于授课的教学法进行教学,观察组用PBL教学法进行教学,比较2组学习成绩的差异;向学生发放问卷调查,调查学生对2种教学方法的认可程度。结果：2组学生的填空题、选择题及简答题成绩比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;观察组病例分析题成绩好于对照组（P=0.001）;培养临床思维、激发学习兴趣方面和自主学习能力方面PBL教学法优于传统教学法（P〈0.01）。结论：PBL教学法有助于学生临床思维和临床技能的培养,从而使教学质量得到提高。     

PBL双语教学在八年制本科神经病学教学初探

八年制临床医学神经病学专业本科教育是一个互动性较强的教学过程.采取PBL结合双语教学的授课模式,能够较好地促进学生自主学习、活跃临床思维,教学效果理想.PBL结合双语教学为培养具有创新性和国际视野的高层次、高水平临床医学尖端人才奠定了厚实的基础.     

情景教学法在外科护理课程的应用

情景教学这种以激起学生情趣为核心的教学方法,重参与、重感悟、重实践,使学生身临其境,理寓其中.把认知活动和情感活动结合起来,促动学生学习方式的变革.情景教学在外科护理的教学应用中,有助于学生准确掌握各种知识和技能,为临床实习和工作打好基础,同时也提高了教学质量.     

PBL教学法在生物技术专业课程教学中的应用

PBL教学法是以问题为基础的情景教学方法,该方法通过案例分析创立情景,提出问题激发兴趣,发挥学生学习主动性,提高分析问题和解决问题能力。本文以生物技术专业学生为对象,将PBL教学法应用于细胞工程学教学中,探究其在生物技术专业课程教学中的作用。     

构建以问题为基础的新型医学遗传学课堂教学模式

以问题为基础"的教学法简称PBL教学模式,PBL教学模式在国外医学教育领域中的应用非常成功,PBL教学模式有利于培养学生独立学习、分析解决问题的能力,有利于培养学生缜密的思维、灵活运用知识、理论联系实际的能力,从而能够培养高素质的复合型医学人才.本文探讨了在医学遗传学教学中构建PBL教学模式的必要性,过程及其意义.     

PBL教学法在消化内科双语教学见习中的应用

目的:探讨PBL教学方法在七年制医学生消化内科双语教学见习中的应用效果.方法:选择在我院实习的首都医科大学2007级及2008级七年制临床医学系及儿科系学生,分为实验组和对照组,对两组学生采取不同的教学方法,比较教学效果.结果:实验组学生理论及病例书写成绩均优于对照组学生;并在提高学习兴趣、活跃课堂气氛;提高搜集资料、阅读文献能力;提高互相合作及团队精神方面PBL教学法均优于传统方法.结论:PBL式双语教学可以提高教学效果和学生的素质,值得我们不断探索和研究.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.