大别山山核桃林植物组成与区系特征研究

大别山山核桃林植物组成与区系特征研究张旭东,黄成林（安徽农业大学,合肥２３００３６）叶志琪（合肥林业学校,合肥２３００３１）ＦｌｏｒｉｓｔｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｔｓｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＣａｒｙａｃａｔｈａｙｅｎｓｉｓｆｏｒｅ...     

心叶留兰香的挥发油成分

心叶留兰香的挥发油成分周自新, 桂新（南京市卫生防疫站,南京２１０００３）（安徽中医学院中药系,合肥２３００３８）Ｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｏｉｌｓｆｒｏｍｍｅｎｔｈａｃｏｒｄｉｆｏｌｉａ￥ＺｈｏｕＺｉ－Ｘ?..     

光对茶树儿茶素代谢的影响

光对茶树儿茶素代谢的影响黄雨初（中国科学技术大学生物系,合肥２３００２６）汪东风,陈为均,王传友,萧伟祥（安徽农业大学茶业系,合肥２３００３６）Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｌｉｇｈｔｏｎｃａｔｅｃｈｉｎｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｏｔｔｅａｔｒｅｅ．￥ＨｕａｎｇＹｕｃｈ...     

亚洲薄荷的两个化学型

亚洲薄荷的两个化学型桂新,周荣汉（安徽中医学院中药系合肥２３００３８）（中国药科大学植物化学分类研究室南京２１００３８）ＴｗｏｃｈｅｍｏｔｙｐｅｓｏｆＭｅｎｔｈａａｓｉａｆｉｃａＢｏｒｉｓｓ￥ＣｈｏｕＧｕｉ－Ｘｉｎ（ＡｎｈｕｉＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＴｒａ...     

湖岸滩地梳齿式生态农业发展模式的探讨

湖岸滩地梳齿式生态农业发展模式的探讨沈显生（安徽教育学院生物系,合肥２３００６１）ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＡｇｒｏｅｃｏｌｏｇｙＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇＰａｔｅｒｎｉｎｔｈｅＣｏｍｂ＿ＴｅｃｈｆｏｒｍｏｎａＬａｋｅｓｉｄｅＬａｎｄ．ＳｈｅｎＸｉａｎｓｈｅｎｇ（Ｄ...     

庐山土壤微生物类群及酶活特性

庐山土壤微生物类群及酶活特性陆杨森,熊金莲,张明（安徽农学院,合肥２３００３６）ＭｉｃｒｏｂｉａｌＧｒｏｕｐｓａｎｄＥｎｚｙｍｅＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎＳｏｉｌｏｆＬｕｓｈａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎ￥ＬｕＹａｎｇｓｅｎ;ＸｉｏｎｇＪｉｎｌｉａｎ;ＺｈａｎｇＭｉｎｇ（ＡｎｈｕｉＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ,Ｈｅｆｅｉ２３００３６）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ１９９３,１２（５）：２５－２８。ＴｈｅｔｏｔａｌｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｍｉｃｒｏｂｅｓｖａｒｉｅｓｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｓｏｉｌｔｙｐｅｓｏｆＬｕｓｈａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎ,ｂｅｉｎｇｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ（１．２×１０￣９ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓｇｄｒｙｓｏｉｌ）ｉｎｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｏｕｓｙｅｌｌｏｗｂｒｏｗｎｓｏｉｌ．Ｔｈｅｅｃｏｌｏｇｉａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｖａｒｉｏｕｓｍｉｃｒｏｂｉａｌｇｒｏｕｐｓｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｓｏｉｌｔｙｐｅｓｉｓｓｉｍｌｌａｒ。Ｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｉｓｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｃｔｉｎｏｍｙｃｅｓａｎｄｆｕｎｇｉ．Ｎｏｎｉｔｒｉｆｙｉｎｇｂａｃｔｅ－ｒｉａｃａｎｂｅｆｏｕｎｄＩｎｓｏｌｌｓｏｆＬｕｓｈａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉ     

林农复合系统汛期前后钉螺密度变化及其防治对策

林农复合系统汛期前后钉螺密度变化及其防治对策彭镇华,姚永康,康忠铭,孙启祥（安徽农业大学,合肥２３００３６）查明（安庆市血防研究所,安庆２４６００３）Ｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｎｃｏｍｅｌａｎｉａｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｉｎｆｏｒｅｓｔ－ａｇｒｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｂｅ...     

营养缺陷型酵母的鉴定技术

营养缺陷型酵母的鉴定技术张明（安徽农业大学生物工程系，合肥２３００３６）王元君，潘仁瑞（中国科学技术大学生物系，合肥２３００２６）通过固体法和液体法鉴定酵母营养缺陷型的实验，证明了液体法较固体法精确，并用液体法成功地鉴定了粟酒裂殖酵母（ｓｃｈｉｚｏｓ...     

东北薄荷的化学型

东北薄荷的化学型桂新,周自新（安徽中医学院中药系合肥２３００３８）（南京市卫生防疫站南京２１０００３）周荣汉（中国药科大学植物化学分类研究室南京２１００３８）ＣｈｅｍｏｔｙｐｅｓｏｆＭｅｎｔｈａｓａｃｈａｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＫｕｄｏ￥Ｃｈｏｕ－Ｘｉｎ（Ａ...     

红豆杉资源的开发应用

红豆杉资源的开发应用＠张余田￥安徽省合肥林校红豆杉资源的开发应用张余田（安徽省合肥林校,合肥２３００３１）红豆杉属（Ｔａｘｕｓ）植物为红豆杉科常绿乔木或灌木,全世界约有１１种,我国有其中的４种１变种,即西藏红豆杉（Ｔ．ｗａｌｉｃｈｉａｎａ）、东北红豆杉（Ｔ...     

Early detection of field-evolved resistance to Bt cotton in China: cotton bollworm and pink bollworm

Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins kill some major insect pests, but pests can evolve resistance and thereby reduce the effectiveness of such Bt crops. The main approach for slowing pest adaptation to Bt crops uses non-Bt host plants as "refuges" to increase survival of susceptible pests. To delay evolution of pest resistance to cotton producing Bt toxin Cry1Ac, several countries have required refuges of non-Bt cotton, while farmers in China have relied on "natural" refuges of non-Bt host plants other than cotton. This strategy is designed for cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), which attacks many crops and is the primary target of Bt cotton in China, but it does not apply to pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), which feeds almost entirely on cotton in China. Here we review evidence of field-evolved resistance to Cry1Ac by cotton bollworm in northern China and by pink bollworm in the Yangtze River Valley of China. For both pests, results of laboratory diet bioassays reveal significantly decreased susceptibility of field populations to Cry1Ac, yet field control failures of Bt cotton have not been reported. The early detection of resistance summarized here may spur countermeasures such as planting Bt cotton that produces two or more distinct toxins, increased planting of non-Bt cotton, and integration of other management tactics together with Bt cotton.     

棉铃虫的滞育诱导特性

研究了温度和光照对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)种群滞育形成的作用。结果表明,温度低于24℃、光照短于12h为诱导滞育的适宜条件。20℃、22℃、24℃和26℃下滞育的临界光周期分别为13h43min、13h8min、12h41min和12h7min.5～6龄为主要滞育敏感虫期。在南京地区,该虫滞育临界光周期为13h左右,出现于9月20日前后;9月上旬温度状况与滞育比例关系密切。     

Cysteine protease enhances plant-mediated bollworm RNA interference

Oral ingestion of plant-expressed double stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers target gene suppression in insect. An important step of this process is the transmission of dsRNA from plant to midgut cells. Insect peritrophic matrix (PM) presents a barrier that prevents large molecules from entering midgut cells. Here, we show that uptake of plant cysteine proteases, such as GhCP1 from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and AtCP2 from Arabidopsis, by cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) larvae resulted in attenuating the PM. When GhCP1 or AtCP2 pre-fed larvae were transferred to gossypol-containing diet, the bollworm accumulated higher content of gossypol in midgut. Larvae previously ingested GhCP1 or AtCP2 were more susceptible to infection by Dendrolimus punctatus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (DpCPV), a dsRNA virus. Furthermore, the pre-fed larvae exhibited enhanced RNAi effects after ingestion of the dsRNA-expressing plant. The bollworm P450 gene CYP6AE14 is involved in the larval tolerance to gossypol; cotton plants producing dsRNA of CYP6AE14 (dsCYP6AE14) were more resistant to bollworm feeding (Mao et al. in Transgenic Res 20:665–673, 2011). We found that cotton plants harboring both 35S:dsCYP6AE14 and 35S:GhCP1 were better protected from bollworm than either of the single-transgene lines. Our results demonstrate that plant cysteine proteases, which have the activity of increasing PM permeability, can be used to improve the plant-mediated RNAi against herbivorous insects.     

Endophytic bacteria mediate plant resistance against cotton bollworm

Abstract

The efficacy of endophytic bacterial strains was evaluated in cotton against American bollworm infestation under greenhouse conditions. Among the 103 endophytic bacterial strains, the Bacillus strains (EPCO 102 and EPCO 16) and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf1 significantly reduced the bollworm incidence. Talc-based bioformulation of EPCO 102, EPCO 16 and P. fluorescens Pf1 with and without chitin in inducing systemic resistance was tested against bollworm. The application of the bioformulation through seed, soil and foliar spray significantly reduced the bollworm incidence. The amendment of chitin in the formulation further reduced the pest incidence. Maximum bollworm reduction by endophytic bacterial strains EPCO 102, EPCO 16 and Pf1 strain with chitin was recorded. In addition, endophytic bacterial bioformulation with chitin induced more and timely activities of chitinase, β-1, 3-glucanase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and phenol in cotton plants infested with Helicoverpa armigera.     

棉铃虫飞行能力和兼性迁飞的初步研究

应用吊飞装置研究比较了成虫的飞行能力 ,按飞行节律和时间区分出长飞型、短飞行和中间型 3种类型 .研究了温度和食料对生殖前期、产卵量、寿命等的影响 ,证实在 2 8℃下生殖前期仅 2 .13± 0 .67d ,温度、食料等对成虫生殖前期的影响不明显 ,可见适合其迁飞的生理时期较短 ,仅为 1～ 2个夜晚 .用雌蛾卵巢连续解剖的方法比较了江苏丰县和辽宁朝阳两地 2、3代的虫源性质 ,证实朝阳 2～ 3代成虫全部或部分从外地迁入 ,而丰县种群则以本地繁育为主 .与多种迁飞性和非迁飞性害虫比较 ,讨论了中国棉铃虫兼性迁飞特性和迁飞潜能的评估 .     

Spring phenology of cotton bollworm affects wheat yield

Climate change has changed numerous species phenologies. Understanding the asynchronous responses between pest insects and host plants to climate change is helpful in improving integrated pest management. It is necessary to use long‐term data to analyze the effects of climate change on cotton bollworm and wheat anthesis. Data for cotton bollworm, wheat yield, and wheat anthesis collected since 1990 were analyzed using linear regression and partial least‐squares regression, as well as the Mann–Kendall test. The results showed that warmer temperatures in the spring advanced the phenologies of cotton bollworm and wheat anthesis, but the phenology changes in overwintering cotton bollworm were faster than those in wheat anthesis, and the eclosion period of overwintering was prolonged, resulting in an increase in overwintering adult abundance. This might lead to more first‐generation larvae and subsequent wheat damage. An early or late first‐appearance date significantly affected the eclosion days. The abrupt changes of phenologies in cotton bollworm, wheat anthesis, and climate were asynchronous, but the abrupt phenology changes occurred after or around the climate abrupt change, especially after or around the abrupt changes of temperature in March and April. The expansion of asynchronous responses in the change rate of wheat anthesis and overwintering cotton bollworm would likely decrease wheat yield due to climate warming in the future. Accumulated temperature was the major affecting factor on the first eclosion date (t₁), adult abundance, and eclosion days. Temperatures in March and April and precipitation in the winter mainly affected the prepeak date (t₂), peak date (t₃), and postpeak date (t₄), respectively, and these factors indirectly affected wheat yield. Thus, the change in the spring phenology of the cotton bollworm and wheat anthesis, and hence wheat yield, was affected by climate warming.     

棉铃虫真核精子束解散的时间和场所

通过观察棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera交配过程中及交配后真核精子的形态 ,来确定真核精子束解散的时间和场所。结果表明 ,棉铃虫真核精子束的解散场所为精包 ,解散的时间在被转移到精包后到交配结束后 1h这段时间内     

不同控制条件下棉铃虫自然种群生命表研究

用作用因子组建的种群生命表方法组建了４种不同控制措施下的第３、４代棉铃虫自然种群生命表。结果表明,自然条件下第３、４代棉铃虫卵的寄生率分别为４．９３％、１．１９％,被捕食率平均２１．１１％和１５．８０％。第３、４代幼虫寄生率分别为１９．３４％、１６．２０％。结果表明,第３、４代棉铃虫自然种群增长指数分别仅为０．１９２１、０．１２２８;采用选择性杀虫剂ＩＫＩ和Ｂｔ制剂组合防治棉铃虫后。第３、４代种群     

棉铃虫人工饲料概述

自 Bogdanow 1 90 8年首先发表了黑颊丽蝇 Vomitoria Calliphora的人工饲料配方以后 ,昆虫人工饲料的研究逐步发展起来。国外Singh等 [1] 曾收集了 1 0 0多种昆虫的饲料配方和饲养方法 ,国内忻介六等 [2 ,3]也对多种昆虫、螨类和蜘蛛的人工饲料进行论述。昆虫的人工饲料一般可分为 3种类型 ,即所有成分均为纯化学物质的全纯饲料 ,多数成分为纯化学物 ,另含一种或几种粗制动、植物材料的半纯饲料和主要由粗制动、植物材料组成的实用饲料 (又称半合成或半人工饲料 )。棉铃虫 H elicoverpa armigera(Hubner)是棉花生产的主要害虫。长期以…