Caldariomyces fumago S-5产抑菌物质的发酵条件优化

对1株产抑菌物质的海洋真菌Caldariomyces fumago S-5的培养条件的优化进行研究,探讨该菌株的发酵产抑菌物质的性能。通过抗菌谱实验、单因素及正交实验设计研究了该菌株所产抗菌物质的押菌特征和最适发酵条件。结果表明,S-5菌株发酵液对几种G^＋和G^-致病细菌具有快速的生长抑制作用,而对真菌没有明显抗菌性。发酵条件优化结果表明：菌株在葡萄糖4％、（NH4）2SO4 0．2％、KCl 0．2％、K2HPO40．2％、Fe2SO4·7H2O 0．002％、MgSO4-2H2O 0．1％、20％马铃薯浸出液的培养基中,控制发酵温度25℃,pH值5．0,接种量1-2cm。菌苔／100mL培养液,摇瓶转速240r／min条件下培养120h,发酵液中抑菌效价最高。实验结果可为该海洋微生物资源的开发利用提供依据。     

碱性果胶裂解酶摇瓶发酵条件的研究

利用碱性果胶裂解酶生产菌株Bacillus subtilis WSH02-02进行摇瓶发酵优化,确定了最适种子斜面培养基、种子摇瓶培养基和发酵摇瓶培养基等培养条件,经14h的摇瓶发酵,酶活最高达到8．29U／mL。     

弧菌菌株发酵工艺初步研究

采用摇瓶培养和发酵罐培养并在不同培养时间测定菌液浊度和活菌数,为弧菌灭活疫苗生产工艺提供参数.研究结果表明,摇瓶培养装量以30%较为合适,培养基初始pH 7.5,发酵过程以不再控制为宜.初步确定了弧菌发酵培养工艺参数:弧菌菌株接种TSB,28 ℃摇瓶培养18～20 h,28 ℃种子罐通气搅拌培养12～14 h,28 ℃...     

Xenorhabdus nematophila发酵动力学研究

在分批发酵中,研究了Xenorhabdus nematophila YL001的生长、基质消耗及抗菌物质产生的特性.基于Logistic方程和Luedeking-Piret方程,得到了描述分批发酵过程的动力学模型及模型参数,同时对实验数据与模型进行了验证比较.模型计算值与实验数据拟合良好,模型基本反映了Xenorhabdus nematophila YL001分批发酵过程的动力学特征.分批发酵中细胞生长与产物合成属于偶联型.     

芦竹内生真菌F0238细胞生长及其代谢调控

对芦竹内生真菌F0238的细胞生长和代谢产曲酸量进行了代谢调控。结果表明,F0238生长及产曲酸的营养和环境条件为：PDA培养基,8％淀粉为碳源,0．2％蛋白胨为N源,发酵温度28℃,初始pH为6．5,发酵时间5d／（120h）,装液量80mL/500mL三角瓶。在摇瓶试验的基础上,对该菌发酵过程作了初步放大试验（10L全自动发酵罐）,得到F0238发酵过程的动态曲线。动态曲线反映了在一个发酵周期内,发酵液的pH值、DO值及残糖的降低趋势和生物量与抗菌产物量的上升趋势。     

大蒜细胞悬浮培养生产SOD的初步放大

研究了大蒜细胞在发酵罐培养过程中pH变化、细胞生长、SOD合成及培养基中各种基质的消耗规律。结果发现,大蒜细胞发酵罐中悬浮培养的pH变化趋势为先降后升,波动范围为4 25～5 37,获得最大生物量和SOD总酶活分别为16 3gDW/L和7 72×104U/L,相应为摇瓶培养的73 69%和71 35%。同摇瓶培养相比,发酵罐培养基中各种基质消耗出现滞后现象,且利用效率偏低。     

对甜菜夜蛾高毒苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株的选育*

采用物理诱变——虫体传代模式,选育获得一株对甜菜夜蛾高毒菌株BtCZE 99985。通过摇瓶和40t发酵罐3年10批发酵试验,表明该菌株具有良好的发酵性能。摇瓶试验表明,与出发菌株93005、对照菌株HD-1-580、GC-91相比较,该菌株对甜菜夜蛾的毒效分别提高429％、655％、114％。40t发酵罐发酵试验表明,该菌株对甜菜夜蛾测定的LC50平均值为0．076μL/mL,比GC-91菌株(平均0．213μL/mL)的毒效提高180％。     

生防菌Ⅲ-61抗真菌活性产物的摇瓶发酵

对生防链霉菌Ⅲ-61产生抗真菌活性物质的摇瓶发酵工艺进行了研究。利用正交试验设计优化了发酵培养基组分,其最适配方为黄豆粉1．5％,蛋白胨0．3％,蔗糖1．0％,淀粉1．3％,磷酸二氢钾0．02％,硫酸镁0．025％,氯化钠0．5％,配咸水溶液,调pH至7～7．4,加碳酸钙1％。通过单因素试验,筛选获得了最优培养条件组合：液体种龄24h,接种量5％～10％,500mL摇瓶培养基装量为80mL,摇床转速240r／min,培养温度31℃,发酵周期96～120h。此优化的发酵培养基与发酵条件的组合昕得菌株Ⅲ-61发酵液对主要靶标黄瓜灰霉病菌的抑菌圈直径达49．5mm,较优化前提高了45．59％。     

海洋红酵母的液体培养

目的探讨提高海洋红酵母的液体高密度培养方法。方法在摇瓶培养条件下,测定温度、pH、装液量、接种量及摇床转速对海洋红酵母BY2菌株生长的影响,进一步放大培养至50L发酵罐,在培养过程流加氨水以控制pH稳定在5.3~5.5的条件下,考察不同葡萄糖浓度对海洋红酵母BY2菌株发酵菌量的影响。结果摇瓶最适培养条件为温度25℃,pH 5.5,接种量8%、装液量40mL/250mL三角瓶、摇床转速200r/min,在此培养条件下,24h时菌量达到8.9×108 CFU/mL;扩大至50L发酵罐,葡萄糖初始浓度为40、60、80、100g/L各罐20~24h时的菌量相应达到26.6×108、29.5×108、47.8×108、66.8×108 CFU/mL。结论提高初始葡萄糖浓度,流加氨水稳定发酵过程的pH,可以显著提高BY2菌株的发酵菌量。     

N+离子注入诱变选育中性蛋白酶高产菌株及发酵条件的研究

对产中性蛋白酶的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)AS1.398进行离子注入诱变,从正突变率较高的注入剂量30～50 × 1014 ions/cm2范围内,筛选出一株高产菌株ZC-7.该菌株在优化了的摇瓶培养基中,培养42h,产酶可达16900U/mL.在7L发酵罐上控制pH6.0～7.0,溶氧10%～20%.以32℃3～40℃～30℃变温发酵42h,酶活力最高可迭19680U/mL,为初始菌株的2.1倍.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism