一个新高产青蒿倍半萜合酶基因的克隆、表达和分析

用RACE方法从青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)高产株系001中克隆了一个新的1 886 bp的全长倍半萜合酶cDNA.克隆的倍半萜合酶氨基酸序列与烟草马兜铃烯合酶、莨菪岩兰螺旋二烯合酶、棉花杜松烯合酶的一致性分别为39%、38%和41%;与青蒿柏木脑合酶、紫穗槐二烯合酶和一个推测的倍半萜合酶克隆cASC125的一致性为50%、48%和59%.cDNA编码区序列被克隆进原核表达载体pET-30a,并在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,但过量表达的蛋白主要是以不溶性蛋白形式存在.Northern blotting分析表明此基因在茎、叶和花中表达,在根中没有表达.     

一个新高产青蒿倍半萜合酶基因的克隆、表达和分析

用RACE方法从青蒿（Artemisia annua L.)高产株系001中克隆了一个新的1886bp的全长倍半萜合酶cDNA。克隆的倍半萜合酶氨基酸序列与烟草马兜铃烯合酶,莨菪岩兰螺旋二烯合酶,棉花杜松烯合酶的一致性分别为39％,38％和41％;与青蒿柏木脑合酶,紫穗槐二烯合酶和一个推测的倍半萜合酶克隆cASC125的一致性为50％,48％和59％。cDNA编码区序列被克隆进原核表达载体pET-30a,并在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,但过量表达的蛋白主要是以不溶性蛋白形式存在。Northern blotting分析表明此基因在茎,叶,花中表达,在根中没有表达。     

青蒿鲨烯合酶基因的克隆、结构分析与大肠杆菌表达

用RT-PCR方法从青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)中克隆了一个1539bp全长鲨烯合酶cDNA。青蒿鲨烯合酶氨基酸序列与拟南芥、烟草、人类、酵母鲨烯合酶的一致性分别为70％、77％、44％和39％。青蒿鲨烯合酶基因组DNA结构很复杂,包括14个外显子和13个内含子。全长的或C末端截短的鲨烯合酶cDNA被克隆进原核表达载体pET30a并在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中诱导表达。但在含有全长的鲨烯合酶cDNA的大肠杆菌中并没有观察到预期大小的鲨烯合酶表达,而C末端截短疏水区30个氨基酸的鲨烯合酶可在大肠杆菌中过量表达。     

青蒿鲨烯合酶基因的克隆、结构分析与大肠杆菌表达

用RT-PCR方法从青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)中克隆了一个1 539 bp全长鲨烯合酶cDNA.青蒿鲨烯合酶氨基酸序列与拟南芥、烟草、人类、酵母鲨烯合酶的一致性分别为70%、77%、44%和39%.青蒿鲨烯合酶基因组DNA结构很复杂,包括14个外显子和13个内含子.全长的或C末端截短的鲨烯合酶cDNA被克隆进原核表达载体pET30a并在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21(DE3)中诱导表达.但在含有全长的鲨烯合酶cDNA的大肠杆菌中并没有观察到预期大小的鲨烯合酶表达,而C末端截短疏水区30个氨基酸的鲨烯合酶可在大肠杆菌中过量表达.     

青蒿法呢醇合酶原核表达、纯化与功能鉴定

将经RACE方法克隆到的青蒿倍半萜合酶cDNA(AF304444) 开放阅读框插入到原核表达载体pET30a(+)的NcoⅠ和BamHⅠ酶切位点之间,构建N端和C端均携带有HIS₆表达标签的重组表达载体pET30SESQ。将pET30SESQ转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3), IPTG(Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside)诱导蛋白表达,表达产物经镍琼脂糖柱纯化。纯化蛋白加入酶促反应体系(FPP),GC-MS分析酶促反应体系的正己烷萃取物,结果显示此重组酶可以催化FPP向法呢醇的转化。     

The improvement of amorpha-4,11-diene production by a yeast-conform variant

Aims:  To investigate the effect of the yeast-conform variant of the Artemisia annua gene encoding for amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) on the production of amorpha-4,11-diene in a transformed yeast.
Methods and Results:  The ADS gene was mutated to the yeast-conform variant ADSm . The ADSm synthesis was performed based on step-by-step extension of a short region of the gene through a series of polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The artificial ADSm gene contained codons preferred by the yeast translation machinery. The sequence was then integrated into a yeast expression vector pYeDP60. The fusion construct was active and the transformed yeast cells produced higher level of amorpha-4,11-diene compared with the plant gene-transformed yeast cells.
Conclusions:  Strains transformed with the yeast-conform allele ( ADSm ) were more efficient in terms of production of amorpha-4,11-diene than those transformed with the plant gene.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  We demonstrated that yeast-conform allele of foreign genes by serial PCR reactions can be a solution to low efficiency of heterologous gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.     

Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant amorpha-4,11-diene synthase from Artemisia annua L

A cDNA clone encoding amorpha-4,11-diene synthase from Artemisia annua was subcloned into a bacterial expression vector in frame with a His6-tag. Recombinant amorpha-4,11-diene synthase was produced in Escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme showed pH optimum at pH 6.5, and a minimum at pH 7.5. Substantial activity was observed in the presence of Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+ as cofactor. The enzyme exhibits a low activity in the presence of Ni2+ and essentially no activity with Cu2+ or Zn2+. The sesquiterpenoids produced from farnesyl diphosphate in the presence of Mg2+ were analyzed by GC-MS. In addition to amorpha-4,11-diene, 15 sesquiterpenoids were produced. Only small quantitative differences in product pattern were observed at pH 6.5, 7.5, or 9.5. Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase showed significant increased product selectivity in the presence of Mn2+ or Co2+. Km for farnesyl diphosphate was 3.3, 8.0, and 0.7 microM in the presence of Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+, respectively. The corresponding kcat-values were 6.8, 15.0, and 1.3 x 10(-3) s(-1), respectively. Km and kcat for geranyl diphosphate were 16.9 microM and 7.0 x 10(-4) s(-1), respectively, at pH 6.5, in the presence of Mn2+.     

大肠杆菌trpBA基因的克隆表达

目的:提高大肠杆菌中色氨酸合成酶的表达量和表达活性。方法:利用PCR方法从大肠杆菌K-12的基因组中直接克隆出紧密连锁trpB和trpA基因(简称trpBA),并将其连接到原核表达载体pet22b( )中,得到重组质粒pet22b( )-trp-BA,转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析并用比色法测定其活性。结果:凝胶电泳可见PCR扩增产物大小约为2kb,SDS-PAGE鉴定目的蛋白的Mr分别约为29000和44000,色氨酸合成酶α、β亚基分别得到了高效表达,色氨酸合成酶活性提高到对照菌的3.7倍。结论:成功构建了重组质粒pet22b( )-trpBA,色氨酸合成酶的表达量和表达活性在大肠杆菌中得到了提高,为高产色氨酸基因工程菌的构建奠定基础。     

Effects of Overexpression of the Endogenous Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase on the Artemisinin Content in Artemisia annua L.

Artemisinin is a novel effective antimalarial drug extracted from the medicinal plant Artemisia annua L. Owing to the tight market and low yield of artemisinin, there is great interest in enhancing the production of artemisinin. In the present study, farnesyi diphosphate synthase （FPS） was overexpressed in high-yield A. annua to Increase the artemisinin content. The FPS activity in transgenic A. ennue was twoto threefold greater than that In non-transgenic A. annua. The highest artemisinin content in transgenic A. annua was approximately 0.9% （dry weight）, which was 34.4% higher than that in non-transgenic A. annua. The results demonstrate the regulatory role of FPS in artemisinin biosynthesis.     

Exogenous GA<Subscript>3</Subscript> and flowering induce the conversion of artemisinic acid to artemisinin in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia annua</Emphasis> plants

The contents of artemisinin and artemisinic acid were monitored in the Artemisia annua plants treated with GA₃ at vegetative and flowering initiation stages. The highest artemisinin content was observed at full bloom. The decrease in artemisinic acid content occurred during the transition from the vegetative stage to the beginning of flowering. Endogenous GA₃ content in the leaves peaked at full bloom. At the vegetative stage, in plants treated with various concentrations of GA₃ , the content of artemisinin increased while that of artemisinic acid decreased. Apparently, the rate-limiting step in artemisinin biosynthesis was from artemisinic acid to artemisinin. The bottleneck of artemisinin biosynthesis was probably unlocked during the flowering or in the vegetative plants treated with GA₃ , which triggered off the conversion of artemisinic acid to artemisinin.From Fiziologiya Rastenii, Vol. 52, No. 1, 2005, pp. 68–73.Original English Text Copyright © 2005 by Zhang, Ye, Liu, Wang, Li.This article was presented by the authors in English.     

青蒿过氧化物酶的克隆及其在体外对青蒿素生物合成的影响

用RACE方法从青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)高产株系001中克隆了一个过氧化物酶.将此基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS细胞中进行原核表达得到重组蛋白(APOD1),表达的蛋白分别以抗坏血酸、愈创木酚为底物进行过氧化反应,结果显示,APOD1催化愈创木酚的活力是抗坏血酸的1.8倍左右,由此表明,克隆的APOD1类属于植物经典过氧化物酶(第三大类过氧化物酶).经与其他植物过氧化物酶同源性比较分析,推测APOD1的氨基酸序列与白羽扇豆(Lupinus albus)、辣根菜(Armoracia rusticana)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)、烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)和蕃茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)的一致性分别为42.0%、36.2%、38.9%、33.6%和32.8%.Northern杂交分析表明,此基因在青蒿的根、茎和叶中均有表达.加入APOD1至青蒿细胞提取液有利于青蒿酸向青蒿素的生物转化,但APOD1并不能直接以青蒿酸作为氧化底物.     

青蒿过氧化物酶的克隆及其在体外对青蒿素生物合成的影响

用RACE方法从青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)高产株系001中克隆了一个过氧化物酶。将此基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS细胞中进行原核表达得到重组蛋白(APOD1),表达的蛋白分别以抗坏血酸、愈创木酚为底物进行过氧化反应,结果显示,APOD1催化愈创木酚的活力是抗坏血酸的1.8倍左右,由此表明,克隆的APOD1类属于植物经典过氧化物酶(第三大类过氧化物酶)。经与其他植物过氧化物酶同源性比较分析,推测APOD1的氨基酸序列与白羽扇豆(Lupinus albus)、辣根菜(Armoracia rusticana)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)、烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)和蕃茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)的一致性分别为42.0％、36.2％、38.9％、33.6％和32.8％。Northern杂交分析表明,此基因在青蒿的根、茎和叶中均有表达。加入APOD1至青蒿细胞提取液有利于青蒿酸向青蒿素的生物转化,但APOD1并不能直接以青蒿酸作为氧化底物。     

非洲菊查尔酮合酶基因的克隆、序列分析及在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用RT-PCR方法,从非洲菊(Gerbera hybrida)花瓣的CDNA中克隆到了查尔酮合酶(Chalcone Synthase,CHS)基因CHS,进行了序列分析。结果表明,克隆到的CHS基因全长为1197bps,编码一个由398个氨基酸残基组成的多肽,与Helariutta等发表的非洲菊查尔酮合酶CHSI基因的CDNA序列的CHS基因同源性高达99％。进一步将该基因克隆到表达载体pET32a上,经IPTG诱导表达,得到高效表达的融合蛋白。     

猪源肠出血性大肠杆菌CD18株fedA基因的克隆及表达

目的:获得重庆猪源肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)强毒株CD18株fedA基因表达产物。方法:根据GenBank中的fedA基因序列设计引物,从重庆猪源EHEC强毒株CD18株基因组中经PCR扩增目的片段,克隆到pUC19质粒,亚克隆到表达载体pET28b( )的SalⅠ-HindⅢ位点后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达,Ni柱法纯化,SDS-PAGE及Western印迹检验表达产物。结果:CD18株fedA与文献报道的fedA的序列同源性为99.3%,推导的氨基酸序列的同源性为98.7%,表达产物在50～100mmol/L咪唑洗脱时出峰,SDS-PAGE显示其相对分子质量20000,Western印迹证明该蛋白条带能与分子标记蛋白His6抗体发生特异反应。结论:克隆到猪源EHECCD18株fedA基因,并在大肠杆菌中得到表达。     

Neurturin基因克隆及在大肠杆菌中表达

Ｎｅｕｒｔｕｒｉｎ（ Ｎ Ｔ Ｎ）是最近发现的一种与胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（ Ｇ Ｄ Ｎ Ｆ）相关的神经营养因子．利用 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法以染色体 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 为模板,扩增获得了编码人 Ｎ Ｔ Ｎ 成熟蛋白的基因,将其克隆于 ｐ Ｕ Ｃ１９ 质粒,进行序列分析,结果与文献报道一致．将基因重组于硫氧还蛋白融合表达载体ｐ Ｔｈｉｏ Ｈｉｓ 系统,在宿主菌 Ｔｏｐ１０ 中获得了高效、稳定表达,表达的ｈ Ｎ Ｔ Ｎ 占菌体总蛋白 ２０％ 左右．这为进一步的基础研究与临床应用奠定了基础．     

人APRIL105-250基因的克隆与表达

目的 :克隆并表达人可溶性增殖诱导配体 (sAPRIL ,即人APRIL_105-250) ,为探索其在多种肿瘤细胞的增殖和存活以及促肿瘤形成中的作用奠定基础。方法 :从GENBANK中查找人APRIL蛋白 (编号:07588)序列 ,取其部分胞外 (APRIL_105-250)序列设计引物 ,用RT PCR从扁桃体总RNA中扩增出人APRIL_105-250基因 ,测序后将克隆载体经酶切并构建表达载体 ,在大肠杆菌中表达 ,并纯化蛋白。结果 :经克隆测序后进行同源比较 ,证实所克隆的基因即为人APRIL_105-250 基因。在大肠杆菌中表达量达 43.6% ,获得纯化蛋白。结论 :成功克隆与表达、纯化了人APRIL_105-250基因 ,为深入研究其功能奠定了基础 。     

α1,2-岩藻糖基转移酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用PCR方法从幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)基因组DNA中获得α1,2-岩藻糖基转移酶(α1,2-fuco-syltransferase,α1,2-fuct)基因,得到大小为906 bp的目的基因,将其定向插入到原核表达载体pET-22b(+)中,得到重组表达载体pET-fuct。将重组表达载体转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,25℃,0.1 mmol/L异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达4 h,并用SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白的表达情况。结果表明,可表达出相对分子质量为33 kD的蛋白,与预期分子量一致,说明α1,2-岩藻糖基转移酶在大肠杆菌BL21中实现表达,应用HPLC法进行酶活检验,酶活达到了13.21 pmol/(mgPr.h)。