Size selection of latex beads by blackfly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the laboratory

In laboratory experiments, blackfly larvae collected from a lake outlet, a woodland and a meadow stream were tested for size selection of latex beads of < Ito > 100 μm diameters. 3 suspensions of varying proportions for each size category were supplied to these blackfly larvae in common experiments. Comparisons between the size frequency distributions of particles supplied and the particle compositions in the larval guts showed intra- and interspecific differences and were quantified by calculating Jacobs' electivity index. In all species selection of larger particles increased with the larger larval instars. Although there was a positive selectivity of small particles in some cases, the ingested proportion of large particles increases volumes and biomasses of gut content and may be more important for larval growth than small particles.     

Hyperparasites of the genus shape Ampelomyces on powdery mildew fungi in Serbia

From 1982 to 1996, in Serbia, 229 species of plants infected with powdery mildew were collected. Seventy-five species had hyperparasites of the genus Ampelomyces. Distribution analysis showed that hyperparasitism was greatest on plants from the families Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Fabaceae. Ampelomyces was not found on the family Poaceae. It was reported for the first time on the families Amygdalaceae, Cornaceae, Grossulariaceae, Plantaginaceae, Rhamnaceae and other 37 plant species. Hyperparasites of the genus Ampelomyces were found on 33 different species of fungi that are causal agents of powdery mildews. They are reported for the first time on nine species. Pycnidial size varied in the range 45–106 × 25.5–40.5 μm and conidia from 4.5–10.5 × 2.5–4.8 μm. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

One New Species and One New Record ofJumping Spiders （Araneae： Salticidae） from India

This paper presents the first result of the study on the jumping spiders collected during the India 2002 Expedition held by P. Sipek and M. Fikacek from the Charles University, Prague. Hitherto only 3 species of the genus Curubis were known from Sri Lanka, no females were found (SIMON 1902, ZABKA 1988, PROSZYNSKI 2003). A new species from India, Curubis sipeki sp. nov. (also only in male sex), is described. Bristowia heterospinosa REIMOSER, 1934 is reported for the first time from India.     

Population responses of Lake Michigan phytoplankton to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment

A natural phytoplankton assemblage from Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan, was treated with factorial enrichments of nitrate and phosphorus, with maintained nutrient concentrations ranging from 5 to 60 μg total soluble phosphorus liter⁻¹ and 0.225 to 1.12 mg nitrate-nitrogen liter⁻¹.One container was spiked with added vitamins, a chelator, and trace metals. The assemblage response was monitored at the species level. Significant differences in growth rates as a function of nutrient enrichment were detected at both the division and the species levels. Growth rates associated with the various levels of enrichment are reported for several diatom taxa. Many of the diatom taxa exhibited highly significant (P < 0.01) increases in growth rate after phosphorus enrichment, with the largest effects occurring between 5 and 15 μg total soluble phosphorus liter⁻¹. Significant (P < 0.05) N effects were also observed, and the nature of these effects was found to be taxon-specific. Taxa also showed significant changes in percent composition, due both to time and to nutrient enrichment, indicating a substantial heterogeneity in response at the species level. Experimentally induced population changes were qualitatively similar to those observed in regions of the Great Lakes which have undergone anthropogenic eutrophication. Contribution No. 222 of the Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan. Work was supported by funds from the Michigan Sea Grant Program and the Environmental Protection Agency. Contribution No. 222 of the Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan. Work was supported by funds from the Michigan Sea Grant Program and the Environmental Protection Agency.     

Determination of Mercury and Methylmercury in Hair of the Czech Children’s Population

The developed method for mercury speciation analysis has been validated and used for the biomonitoring study of mercury species in human hair. Statistical evaluation proved the reliability of simplified determination of inorganic mercury (difference between total mercury and methylmercury). The results of the validation showed that the method is very well suitable for the determination of both species of mercury in hair for biomonitoring purposes. Non-exposed schoolchildren from three areas in the western and central part of the Czech Republic were chosen as the target group. Tenth of a microgram per gram of the total mercury were generally found in the analyzed hair; values higher than 1 μg g⁻¹ were detected only exceptionally. Comparable results were obtained for two western areas and differed significantly from those for the third area located in the central part of the Czech Republic. In the areas examined, the mean methylmercury contents amounted to 23–46% of the total mercury in the hair. The results confirm an assumption that exposure to mercury does not pose a significant risk to the population in the Czech Republic.     

NOTES ON THE CORTICIACEAE OF NORTHERN CHINA

<正> 98 species of Corticiaceae s.l.are reported from Changbai shah forestreserve in Northern China.Phlebia pellucida Hjortst.& Ryv.is described as new.The newcombinations Amylosporomyces subasperisporus,Boidinia propingua,and B.peroxydata are pro-posed.The genus Boidinia is discussed and a key is given to accepted species.Many rarespecies are reported such as Amylocorticium laceratum,Ceraceomyces sulphurinus,Hyphodontiaaltaica,Laeticorticium ussuricum,Lobulicium occultum,Sistotrema athcloiides and Tubulicrinissceptiferus.The flora is boral and most of the species have a wide distribution in the Nor-thern coniferous zone.In a previous paper species of Polyporaceae were reported from Northern China(Ryvarden et al.,1986).Most of the species were collected during a short expedition tothe Changbai Shun forest reserve in the Jilin Province.This paper reports the species ofCorticiaceae (s.lato) from the same expedition.There are duplicates of all species bothin Oslo University Herbarium and the Herbarium of Mycologicum,Academia Sinica(HMAS)the Institute of Microbiology in Beijing.The knowledge of the Corticiaceae of China is veryfragmentary and many of the names indicated in previous reports are now replacedby othernames,and the identification of the collections in many cases are dubious.Thus,we havenot tried to establish how many of these species which previously have not been reportedfrom China.Such a list would be of little interest since very few has collected Corticiacritically in recent times,and the flora is still more or less unknown with regard to thisgroup of fungi.The following list must therefore be regarded as a first contribution tolist the Corticiaceae of China based on the same species concepts and names as currentlyused in Europe and North America,see Eriksson et al.(1976—84)Jiilich and Stalpers(1984),Gilbertson (1974).List of collections all from 11—17 Sept.1983.Nos.21315—21407/21696—21814.Jilin Prov.,Changbai Shah,Forest Reserve,Hangcong gou,750 m.a.s.l.Nos,21408—21603.JilinProv.,Changbai Shah,Forest Reserve,Huang Song Pu,1200 m.a.s.l.Nos.21619—21695.Jilin Prov.,Changbai Shun,Forest Reserve,Bai Shun Station,1100m.a.s.l.     

New records and observations on the anostracan genus Eubranchipus in California

Observations on distribution, water quality, habitat and avoidance behavior are presented for Eubranchipus bundyi, Eubranchipus oregonus, and Eubranchipus serratus (Chirocephalidae) in California, USA. All three species were previously known within California from single localities. Two new localities for E. oregonus in Tuolumne County and in Humbolt County and 21 new localities for E. serratus in Lassen and Shasta Counties are presented. The E. oregonus localities represent substantial range extensions within California, while the E. serratus localities show a large number of populations within the surveyed area. In occupied pools, pH ranged from 5.5to 9.0, conductivity from 30 to 150 μS, turbidity (NTU) from 0.8 to140.0 and total alkalinity from 68 to 128 mg l⁻¹. Pool size varied from small seasonal pools of a few meters in diameter to large seasonal lakes several kilometers across. Limited survey effort and successful "predator" avoidance by the shrimp may have contributed to the lack of distributional information for these species in California. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Seasonal variations in phytoplankton size structure in Lake Cromwell (Laurentian Shield), Quebec

Seasonal variation in phytoplankton size classes was studied over the period of a year in a small, mesotrophic, brown-water lake. Throughout the sampling period, species from 2–16 μm (GALD) dominated the phytoplankten community. Small phytoplankters (2–8 μm) were predominant in winter and early spring populations while algae of 8–16 μm became important in summer (phytoplankton < 2 μm was not counted). Principal coordinate analysis resulted in a cyclic pattern of dates in the reduced space, winter and early spring samples being well separated from the other dates. In multiple linear regressions between environmental parameters and size classes, temperature was always the most important variable.     

Feeding rates and selectivity among nauplii, copepodites and adult females of Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus

This study focuses on selective feeding by developmental stages of two oceanic copepods, Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus from nauplii to adults. A mixture of four algal species of different biochemical composition, Prorocentrum nanum (dinoflagellate), Thalassiosira minima (diatom), Rhodomonas baltica (cryptophyte) and Dunaliella tertiolecta (chlorophyte), added in an equal biovolume, was used in three different experimental set-ups. In set-up 1 the algal species were present as single cells of similar size (14 μm). In set-up 2 the diatom T. minima was present in chains of two or three cells and was therefore larger than the other algae, while the biovolume of all species remained the same. In set-up 3, the diatom T. minima was excluded from the mixture. Feeding selectivity of the copepods was assessed in relation to the quality of the algal species expressed in terms of carbon and nitrogen content, fatty acid composition, and chain length of the diatom. The results show that younger stages and adult females of C. finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus did not show a preference for an algal species when the algae were of similar size. In the feeding experiments where the diatoms were offered as chains, both copepod species showed a selective behaviour only on the basis of algal size. Individual ingestion rates increased from 0.4 to 0.7 μg C day^–1 for nauplii of both species to 5 μg C day^–1 for adult females of C. helgolandicus to 12 μg C day^–1 for C. finmarchicus. Individual filtration rates ranged from 5 ml day^–1 for C. finmarchicus nauplii to 70–98 ml day^–1 for adult females, and from 3 ml day^–1 for C. helgolandicus nauplii to 35–46 ml day^–1 for adult females. Ingestion and filtration rates per unit body carbon decreased gradually in both copepod species with increasing body carbon. The daily ingested amount of food decreased for C. finmarchicus from 124–134% of the body carbon for nauplii to 19% of the body carbon for adult females, and for C. helgolandicus from 117–137% of the body carbon for nauplii to 13–26% of the body carbon of adult females. Electronic Publication     

Ontogeny of feeding in two native and one alien fish species from the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia

Investigations into the feeding of the early stages of fishes can provide insights into processes influencing recruitment. In this study, we examined ontogenetic changes in morphology and feeding behaviour of two native Australian freshwater species, Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii, and golden perch, Macquaria ambigua, and the alien species, common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Murray cod free embryos are large and well developed at the onset of feeding, whereas the other two species begin exogenous feeding much younger and are smaller and less-developed. Carp commence exogenous feeding 3 days earlier than golden perch, and show more advanced development of the eyes and ingestive apparatus. We conducted feeding experiments, presenting larvae of the three species with a standardised prey mix (comprising equal numbers of small calanoid copepods, large calanoid copepods, small Daphnia, and large Daphnia). Larvae of most tested ages and species showed a preference for mid-sized prey (300–500 μm wide). This was true even when their gapes substantially exceeded the largest prey offered. Daphnia were consumed more than similar-sized copepods. The results of this study suggest that survival through their larval period will be threatened in all three species if catchable prey <500 μm in width are not available throughout such time. They also suggest that interspecific competition for prey may occur, especially when larvae are very young. The precocious development of structures involved in feeding and the extended transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding of early carp larvae are likely to have contributed to the success of this species since its introduction to Australia.     

中国盘菌新种和新记录之十

以我国已故著名菌物学家邓叔群先生的名字命名的粒毛盘菌属和兰伯特盘菌属新种各一个,即邓氏粒毛盘菌Lachnum tengii和邓氏兰伯特盘菌Lambertella tengii被描述;我国新记录种两个,即长孢白毛盘菌Albotricha longispora和米氏布博维盘菌Boubovia micholsonii被报道;同时对我国历史上记载为Lachnellula fuckelii的真菌的分类地位进行了讨论和订正。     

中国大陆山茶科一新记录种——日本厚皮香

报道了发现于浙江省象山县的山茶科Theaceae厚皮香属Ternstroemia日本厚皮香T. japonica (Thunb.) Thunb.,描述其主要形态特征、生境。该种为中国大陆新记录种。凭证标本存于浙江农林大学植物标本馆(ZJFC)。     

安徽大别山粒毛盘菌初探

大别山区森林植物极其丰富多样,区内气候温暖湿润,为粒毛盘菌等腐生真菌生长提供了丰富的基物和适宜的气候条件.对该地区粒毛盘菌等相关类群资源进行了研究,报道了粒毛盘菌属7个分类单元,包括Lachnum ciliare,L. nudipes,L.pudibundum,L.ptgmnaeum,L.subpygmaeum,L.sichuanense和L.virgineum,利用物种描述式表明了种的主要特征,并对其中部分种进行了形态学方面的讨论.     

舟山群岛2种中国新记录植物

报道了发现于浙江舟山群岛的2种中国分布新记录植物,分别是芸香科(Rutaceae)的日本花椒[Zanthoxylum piperitum(L.)DC.]和山茱萸科(Cornaceae)的日本四照花(Cornus kousa subsp.kousa F.Buerger ex Hance),并提供了形态描述与图片。凭证标本存于浙江农林大学植物标本馆(ZJFC)。     

中国蜱螨学研究进展概况

<正> 我国蜱螨学的研究起步较晚,解放前只有一些零星报道,比较系统的研究是从50年代开始。1963年在长春召开了第一届全国蜱螨学术讨论会,至今已有30年。近十几年来,蜱螨学的研究进展较快,中国经济昆虫志中有关蜱     

大兴安岭的黄梅属地衣(英文)

本文报导了分布在大兴安岭的10种黄梅属(Xanthoparmelia)地衣,很多文献曾报导过中国的菊叶黄梅(X.conspersa),但是魏江春(1983)根据形态及化学两方面研究的结果指出,文献中的菊叶黄梅实际上分别是暗腹黄梅(X.tinctina)和淡腹黄梅(X.mexicana)。本文作者在大兴安岭北部釆到了真正的菊叶黄梅。本文还包括5个中国新记录种,它们是贴生黄梅(X.hypopsila),线形黄梅(X.lineola),新墨西哥黄梅(X.novomexicana),黑黄梅(X.tasmanica)和离心黄梅(X.centrifuga)。     

粒毛盘菌属及其相关属的分子系统学研究*

晶杯菌科的分类目前主要基于子囊盘外囊盘被表面毛状物的形态学特征,在系统演化关系上十分不清楚。本研究利用18SrRNA基因核苷酸序列分析方法探讨该科粒毛盘菌属及其相关属间的系统发育关系。以Saccharomycescerevisiae为外群的严格合意树和最简约树表明,粒毛盘菌属与其相关的属形成三个分支。Lachnumhyalopus,L.nudipes和L.virgineum代表一个分支。L.brasiliense,L.sclerotii,L.singerianum,Albotrichaguangxiensis,Calycellinapopulina.,Cistellagrevillei,Hyaloscyphaaureliella,Lachnellulacalyciformis,Parachnopezizaguangxiensis和Trichopezizasulphurea聚在一起(支持率为57%),为另一个分支。上述两个姊妹分支的支持强度为76%。与Lachnum在形态上有些相似的Cistella和Lachnum聚在一起的支持强度为51%。传统上纳入Arachnopezizoideae的Parachnopeziza与该亚科的模式属Arachnopeziza的关系较远。Arachnopezizaaurata是供试的14个种中距离最远的一个,位于系统发育树的最外侧,与上述两个分支的亲缘关系较远,这对Arachnopezizoideae在晶杯菌科中的地位提出了质疑。