母体遗传效应对青海细毛羊生产性能遗传参数估计的影响

为了研究母体遗传效应对青海细毛羊生长性状、产毛性状的影响,文章采用平均信息最大约束似然法应用不同混合动物模型估计青海细毛羊生产性状的遗传参数,并采用似然比检验对不同模型进行比较分析。各模型中均包括固定效应、个体直接加性遗传效应、残差效应;随机效应为:个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应。不同模型对随机效应作了不同考虑:模型1不考虑个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应;模型2考虑母体永久环境效应;模型3考虑母体遗传效应;模型4考虑母体遗传效应和母体永久环境效应;模型5考虑个体永久环境效应和母体遗传效应;模型6考虑个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应。各模型估计的初生重遗传力为:0.1896~0.3781;断奶重遗传力为:0.2537~0.2890;周岁重遗传力范围:0.2244~0.3225;成年羊体重遗传力范围:0.2205~0.3983;产毛量遗传力为:0.1218~0.1490;羊毛细度遗传力为:0.0983~0.4802;羊毛长度遗传力为:0.1170~0.1311。与模型1相比,模型3对于初生重、断奶重差异显著(P<0.01),对于周岁重、成年羊体重各模型与模型1的似然比检验差异不显著(P>0.05);与模型6相比,模型4、5对于羊毛细度差异显著(P<0.01),模型4对羊毛长度差异显著(P<0.05),对于产毛量各模型与模型6似然比检验差异不显著(P>0.05)。生长性状中初生重、断奶重受母体遗传效应影响显著,周岁重、成年羊体重受母体遗传效应影响不显著;产毛性状中羊毛细度、长度受母体遗传效应影响显著,产毛量受母体遗传效应影响较弱。     

母体遗传效应对青海细毛羊生产性能遗传参数估计的影响

为了研究母体遗传效应对青海细毛羊生长性状、产毛性状的影响, 文章采用平均信息最大约束似然法应用不同混合动物模型估计青海细毛羊生产性状的遗传参数, 并采用似然比检验对不同模型进行比较分析。各模型中均包括固定效应、个体直接加性遗传效应、残差效应; 随机效应为：个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应。不同模型对随机效应作了不同考虑：模型1不考虑个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应; 模型2考虑母体永久环境效应; 模型3考虑母体遗传效应; 模型4考虑母体遗传效应和母体永久环境效应; 模型5考虑个体永久环境效应和母体遗传效应; 模型6考虑个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应。各模型估计的初生重遗传力为：0.1896~0.3781; 断奶重遗传力为：0.2537~0.2890; 周岁重遗传力范围：0.2244~0.3225; 成年羊体重遗传力范围：0.2205~0.3983; 产毛量遗传力为：0.1218~0.1490; 羊毛细度遗传力为：0.0983~0.4802; 羊毛长度遗传力为：0.1170~0.1311。与模型1相比, 模型3对于初生重、断奶重差异显著(P<0.01), 对于周岁重、成年羊体重各模型与模型1的似然比检验差异不显著(P>0.05); 与模型6相比, 模型4、5对于羊毛细度差异显著(P<0.01), 模型4对羊毛长度差异显著(P<0.05), 对于产毛量各模型与模型6似然比检验差异不显著(P>0.05)。生长性状中初生重、断奶重受母体遗传效应影响显著, 周岁重、成年羊体重受母体遗传效应影响不显著; 产毛性状中羊毛细度、长度受母体遗传效应影响显著, 产毛量受母体遗传效应影响较弱。     

母体遗传效应对绒山羊生产性状遗传参数估计的影响

利用非求导约束最大似然法(DF-REML), 比较了内蒙古白绒山羊在两种不同动物模型下估计遗传参数的差异, 两种模型的区别在于是否考虑母体遗传效应。对两种模型的差异用似然比进行检验。结果表明, 母体遗传效应对于体重和绒厚影响极显著(P<0.01), 对于抓绒量、毛长、绒长度以及绒细度影响不显著(P>0.05)。     

基于多性状模型内蒙古绒山羊早期生长性状基因组预测准确性研究

内蒙古绒山羊是经过长期自然选择和人工选育后形成的优良家畜品种,是目前世界一流的绒肉兼用山羊。多性状动物模型被认为可以显著提高畜禽遗传评估的准确性,实现性状间的间接选择。本文基于内蒙古绒山羊个体的系谱、基因型、环境以及早期生长性状的表型记录,建立多性状动物模型,利用ABLUP、GBLUP、ssGBLUP三种方法进行早期生长性状(初生重、断乳重、断乳前平均日增重、周岁重)遗传参数及基因组育种值的估计,进一步利用五倍交叉验证方法评价基因组育种值估计准确性和可靠性。结果显示,3种方法估计的初生重遗传力为0.13～0.15,断乳重遗传力为0.13～0.20,日增重遗传力为0.11～0.14,周岁重遗传力为0.09～0.14,均属于中等偏低遗传力;断乳重和日增重、日增重和周岁重之间存在强的正遗传相关,相关系数分别为0.77～0.79和0.56～0.67,表型相关发现同样的规律;ABLUP、GBLUP和ssGBLUP法估计的初生重育种值准确性分别为0.5047、0.6694、0.7156,断乳重分别为0.6207、0.6456、0.7254;日增重分别为0.6110、0.6855、0.7357,周岁...     

动物模型BLUP法估计内蒙古白绒山羊育种值的研究

应用动物模型ＢＬＵＰ法估计了阿尔巴斯白绒山羊种羊场１９８９－１９９８年共１０个年度３９８１只个体的抓绒量和体重的单性状育种值,以及这两个性状的综合育种值。在模型中考虑的固定效应有年龄效应和性别－群体－年度效应、随机效应有个体的加性效应和个体永久性环境效应。比较育种值选择与表型值选择的结果表明：⑴公羔依据断乳重选择与依据育咱值选择的结果差异较大;⑵育成母羊依据表型值选择与依据综合育种值选择的结果差异     

影响山西肉用绵羊母本品系生长性状的非遗传因素分析

为研究非遗传因素对山西肉用绵羊母本品系的初生重、断奶重(100日龄)、6月龄重和周岁重的影响,收集了山西肉用绵羊母本品系育种记录.利用SPSS 19.0的GLM过程分析性别、出生年份、出生月份、母亲年龄、出生类型对山西肉用绵羊母本品系生长性状的的影响.结果表明:性别仅对6月龄重有极显著影响(P＜0.01),对初生重、断奶重、周岁重影响显著(P＜0.05);出生年份对初生重和断奶重有极显著影响(P＜0.01),对6月龄重和周岁重影响显著(P＜0.05);出生月份对6月龄重有极显著影响(P＜0.01),对初生重、断奶重和周岁重无影响(P＞0.05);母亲年龄对初生重影响显著(P＜0.05),对6月龄重影响极显著(P＜0.01),而对断奶重和周岁重无影响(P＞0.05);出生类型对6月龄重有显著影响(P＜0.05),对初生重和断奶重有极显著影响(P＜0.01).本分析结果对山西肉用绵羊母本品系的进一步选育和生产具有重要参考价值.     

云南香型软米水稻资源农艺性状遗传效应研究

选取5份云南地方香型软米水稻种质资源和6份自育香型软米保持系按5×6不完全双列杂交设计(NCⅡ)配制成30个组合,采用加性-显性-上位性遗传模型,分析云南香型软米11个农艺性状的遗传效应。结果表明,云南香型软米多数农艺性状的遗传主要受加×加上位性效应、加性×环境效应、显性×环境效应的影响,还存在不同程度的加性效应和显性效应,单株产量受基因加性效应、显性效应、加×加上位性效应、加性×环境效应、显性×环境效应的影响;株高、有效穗的遗传率以普通狭义遗传率为主,其他性状的普通狭义遗传率和互作狭义遗传率均达极显著水平;产量构成性状之间存在不同类型和不同程度的遗传相关,多数性状之间以加×加上位性、加性×环境和显性×环境互作效应显著。     

粳稻品质性状间及其与植株性状和产量性状间的遗传相关

利用朱军等提出的种子性状遗传模型,采用 3×3 NCⅡ正反交设计的亲本和部分组合F2代种子,分析了品质性状糙米率、垩白粒率、垩白面积和AC间及上述品质性状与株高、穗部性状等的遗传相关,以期为粳稻育种后代选择提供指导。结果表明,精米重与糙米率存在极显著的母体加性相关;虽然控制品质性状的主要遗传效应分量与植株性状相应遗传效应分量遗传协方差不显著,但在其他相应遗传效应分量方面存在着复杂的关系。     

根田鼠母体捕食应激效应与Trivers-Willard 模型的关系

本研究了根田鼠母体捕食应激对其子代出生、断乳和成体体重、窝性比及死亡率的作用,检验Trivers—Willard模型的2个前提条件、母体应激激素在母体投资中的作用,以及母体捕食应激效应与该模型的关系。将妊娠根田鼠母体暴露于其捕食艾鼬,母体应激子代的出生和断乳体重均显降低;到成体,雄性体重有此效应,而雌性体重则接近对照。出生窝性比无变化,但成体窝性比向雌性偏斜。不同年龄阶段的死亡率无显变化,但累计死亡率明显增大。处理雄性子代在断乳和成体时的皮质酮含量显增高,而雌性子代则无显变化,从而验证了Trivers-Willard模型的2个前提条件,提出应激母体激素参与母体对子代的投资观点,并认为,母体捕食应激使根田鼠子代成体窝性比向雌性偏斜的生理投资符合进化稳定对策。     

普通玉米籽粒性状的遗传效应分析

采用二倍体种子遗传模型及其分析方法,研究了５个玉米籽粒性状的直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应．分析结果表明,各性状的遗传同时受种子直接效应和母体效应的影响,细胞质基因对百粒重和粒宽具有极显著影响．除粒长、粒厚的直接显性效应与母体显性效应间的协方差外,直接效应与母体效应间的协方差均不显著．因此,通过母体植株的表现可对这些性状进行有效的选择．Ｓ_２２和 ８７－１是改良粒重的优良亲本．选择粒较宽的自交系作母本有利于提高后代选系及Ｆ_１的百粒重．     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.