Characterization of autoantibodies to ferritin in canine serum

Ferritin-binding proteins circulating in mammalian blood are thought to be involved in the clearance of ferritin. The present study characterizes canine serum autoantibodies (IgM and IgA) that react with ferritin. Canine IgM and IgA bound to bovine spleen ferritin as well as canine liver ferritin. To examine the specificity of canine IgM and IgA to ferritin H and L subunits, we used canine heart ferritin and canine liver ferritin with H/L subunit ratios of 3.69 and 0.43, respectively. Canine IgM and IgA recognized both of the H- and L-subunit-rich isoferritins, showing that their binding activities to ferritin depend on the H-subunit content. Recombinant bovine H-chain ferritin homopolymer expressed in a baculovirus expression system bound more with IgM and IgA than the recombinant L-chain homopolymer expressed under the same conditions. These results suggest that canine IgM and IgA recognize H-subunit-rich isoferritins, and that H-subunit-rich isoferritins are cleared from the circulation more rapidly than L-subunit-rich isoferritins.     

Characterization of ferritin and ferritin-binding proteins in canine serum

Ferritin and ferritin-binding proteins in canine serum were characterized. A certain percentage of ferritin in canine serum, but no tissue ferritin, was precipitated by centrifugation at 16,000×g for 30 min. The precipitated ferritin was found to contain two subunits corresponding to the H and L subunits of canine liver ferritin by immunoblotting, the H subunit being predominant. More ferritin was precipitated from canine sera which had been incubated with anti-rat liver ferritin antibody than from untreated sera, and the H chain also predominated. To evaluate the possibility that the autoantibody was responsible for the precipitation of canine serum ferritin, the ferritin-binding activities of canine antibodies were examined using liver ferritin-coated microtiter plates and alkaline phosphatase-labeled antibodies specific for canine IgM, IgA, and IgG heavy chains. The results showed that IgM and IgA, but not IgG, had considerable ferritin-binding activities. Given these results, we suggest that there is H-chain-rich isoferritin in canine serum, and that ferritin exists as an immune complex.     

Clearance rates of biotinylated ferritins in canine: A possible physiological role of canine serum ferritin as an iron transporter

To elucidate the physiological role of canine serum ferritin, we measured clearance rates of biotinylated ferritins in beagle. Biotinylated canine tissue ferritins were cleared rapidly from circulation. The clearance time (T_1/2) of liver ferritin (H/L subunit ratio=0.43) was 6.8 to 11.8 min, and that of heart ferritin (H/L=3.69) was 9.3 to 25.0 min. T_1/2 of biotinylated canine liver ferritin was independent of iron content, whereas canine heart apoferritin (T_1/2=31.2 and 32.7 min) was more slowly removed from circulation than the holoferritin. On the other hand, biotinylated recombinant bovine H-chain ferritin homopolymer show a much slower rate of removal (T_1/2=153.8 and 155.0 min) compared with the L-chain ferritin homopolymer (T_1/2=26.4 and 31.3 min). The rapid clearance of canine tissue ferritin suggests that serum ferritin is an iron transporter in canines.     

Biochemical properties of canine serum ferritin: iron content and nonbinding to concanavalin A

A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using H-subunit-rich canine heart ferritin as a standard has been developed for measuring canine serum ferritin which is H-subunit-rich. Serum ferritin concentrations in 51 normal dogs ranged from 143 to 1766 ng ml^–1, with a mean value of 479±286 (SD) ng ml^–1. Serum ferritin iron concentrations as determined by an immunoprecipitation technique ranged from 30.4 to 115.9 ng ml^–1 in 15 normal dogs with serum ferritin protein levels of 298 to 959 ng ml^–1. There was a significant linear correlation between the serum ferritin iron and protein levels (r=0.9441, P<0.001), and the mean iron/protein ratio of serum ferritin was 0.112±0.017. When canine sera were incubated with concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B, we observed the apparent binding of serum ferritin to concanavalin A. However, ferritin obtained by heat-treating the sera at pH 4.8 to remove the ferritin-binding proteins did not bind to the lectin. These results suggest that canine serum ferritin contains a considerable amount of iron but no concanavalin A-binding G subunit present in human serum ferritin.     

黄鳝血清和体表粘液蛋白的比较研究

本文用反相高效液相色谱法测定了黄鳝血清和体表粘液蛋白的氨基酸种类和含量,比较了二者的氨基酸组成变化。结果表明：二者都含有17种氨基酸,血清的氨基酸总量为397．11mg／l00ml,体表粘液蛋白的氨基酸总量为259．29mg／l00m1,血清与粘液蛋白中氨基酸含量差异最大的是蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸。应用SDS—PAGE分析和比较了血清和体表粘液蛋白的分子量大小及特有区带效,黄鳝血清与体表粘液蛋白分子量相同的蛋白区带数为2条,其分子量大小分别为19．5kDa、96．0kDa。其中血清的特有蛋白带为18条,体表粘液的特有蛋白带为8条。此外,对二者的相关性和体表粘液特异性的免疫机制作了探讨。     

Purification and Characterization of Serum Serpin from Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

A serine proteinase inhibitor, termed serpin62, was purified to homogeneity from carp serum with an increase in specific inhibitory activity of 6.2-fold and a 3% recovery rate after separation from α₁-antitrypsin. Specific inhibitory activity of serpin62 against bovine pancreatic trypsin was less than half of the specific antitryptic activity of α₁-antitrypsin. Under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, serpin62 was estimated to have a molecular weight (62,000) apparently larger than that of α₁-antitrypsin (55,000). They both consist of single polypeptide chains, but serpin62 differs from serine proteinase inhibitors from muscles of carp and white croaker in molecular weight and structure. Antibody raised against serpin62 immunologically crossreacted with serpin62 and had no crossreactivity with fish serum α₁-antitrypsin and muscular analogues. The antibody was susceptible to both serpin62 and its derivatives, which were widely distributed in carp tissues. Serpin62 is most likely distinct from other fish serine proteinase inhibitors expressing antitryptic activity physicochemically and immunologically. Received June 4, 1998; accepted September 10, 1998.     

Canine Plasma Kininogen: Evidence for the Presence of Two Kininogens and Purification of High Molecular Weight Kininogen and Characterization as Multi-Functional Molecule

The ratio of kininogen that is substrate of plasma kallikrein to kininogen, which is not substrate of plasma kallikrein in canine plasma, was about 1:3.6 by differential assay of kininogens. When the plasma was gel-filtered through a column of Sephacryl S-300 superfine, two fractions, which released kinin by trypsin, were obtained. These results indicate that two kininogens with different molecular weights are present in the plasma and they show different susceptibility to plasma kallikrein. One kininogen was purified by ion-exchange and zinc-chelating affinity chromatographies. Purified kininogen showed a single band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing condition and its molecular weight was 125 kDa. Released kinin from the kininogen by trypsin was bradykinin. The kininogen inhibited papain and ficin but did not inhibit bromelain at the concentration used. The kininogen bound to carboxymethylated-papain and this binding was dissociated by 3M NaSCN. Canine plasma shortened the abnormal clotting time of human high molecular weight kininogen-deficint plasma. The kininogen also shortened the abnormal clotting time of the plasma. From these results, the purified kininogen was high molecular weight kininogen and it was multi-functional protein.     

豆薯种子中两种蛋白质的分离纯化及其性质研究

豆薯（Ｐａｃｈｙｒｒｈｉｚｕｓｅｒｏｓｕｓ）种子经磷酸盐缓冲液抽提,Ｓ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦａｓｔＦｌｏｗ柱,ＤＥ－５２纤维素柱和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５柱层析,提取出两种高纯度的蛋白成分,命名为ＰａｃｈｙｒｉｎⅠ和Ⅱ．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得其分子量分别为３３ｋＤ和１４．５ｋＤ,但ＨＰＬＣ分子筛的结果显示ＰａｃｈｙｒｉｎⅡ的分子量为２８ｋＤ,无论在还原条件下,还是在非还原条件下,ＰａｃｈｙｒｉｎⅡ电泳的结果都完全相同,表明该蛋白的亚基不是以二硫键相连。两种蛋白的等电点分别为４．５和６．５．用酸解法测定了它们的氨基酸组成。在无细胞体系中,它们对蛋白合成有较弱的抑制活性,显示它们可能是核糖体失活蛋白（ＲＩＰｓ）家族中的新成员。     

八棱丝瓜籽核糖体失活蛋白的分离纯化及其生化性质

通过盐溶液抽提、硫酸铵分级沉淀、CM 5 2纤维素阳离子交换层析、反相毛细管液相色谱 (re verse phasecapillaryliquidchromatography ,RP CLC)等步骤 ,从八棱丝瓜籽中分离到 2种单链核糖体失活蛋白luffaculin 1和luffaculin 2 .在SDS PAGE和IEF上均显示为单一条带 ,表观分子量均为 2 8kD ,其等电点分别为 8 86 (luffaculin 1)和 9 0 5 (luffaculin 2 ) .实验表明 ,它们具有RNAN 糖苷酶活性 .蛋白质合成抑制活性测试表明 ,它们对蛋白质合成具较强的抑制作用 .体外抑制肿瘤细胞生长活性检测表明 ,luffaculin 1和luffaculin 2对人白血病细胞株K5 6 2有较强的毒性 ,IC50 分别为 1 1×10 -6mol L和 2 0× 10 -7mol L .八棱丝瓜籽核糖体失活蛋白具有可以用于或构成免疫毒素治疗癌症的应用前景     

鼠疫菌重要调控子蛋白的表达纯化及DNA结合活性分析

目的:利用大肠杆菌BL21(λDE3)的表达系统,表达7个有活性的、与鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌)传播及致病密切相关的调控子蛋白,并对这些蛋白与DNA的结合活性进行分析,为构建鼠疫菌毒力基因转录调控网络建立分子生化实验平台。方法:通过分子克隆技术构建鼠疫菌调控子蛋白的表达菌株,所得菌株经IPTG诱导后能分别表达鼠疫菌CRP、Fur、PhoP、OxyR、OmpR、RcsB和RovA带His标签的融合蛋白;对这些蛋白与DNA的结合基序进行生物信息学预测;通过体外凝胶迁移实验验证上述蛋白与靶DNA的结合活性。结果:表达了7种有活性的鼠疫菌调控子蛋白,这些蛋白与靶基因启动子区具有体外结合活性。结论:表达的7种调控子蛋白在鼠疫菌的传播致病中有重要作用,这些调控子蛋白与DNA体外结合实验平台的建立,是构建鼠疫菌毒力基因转录调控网络的基础。     

小黑麦抗真菌蛋白组分的分离纯化和性质研究

以木霉为指示菌,小黑麦中饲237种子中的蛋白提取物经过分离纯化后,得到了3种主要的抗真菌蛋白组分,经酶活检测鉴定,分别是分子量为30.5 kD的ClassⅡ型几丁质酶,两种分子量为51kD和23 kD的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶。其中几丁质酶的最适反应pH为6.0,最适反应温度为37℃,测定的N末端氨基酸序列与大麦几丁质酶的有很高的同源性。在一定条件下,这3种蛋白组分都有较强的抗木霉活性,并且有明显的协同作用,同时它们对离体易感小麦叶片上白粉菌有很好的生长抑制作用。     

萝卜块根中两个具溶菌酶活性的几丁质结合蛋白的纯化及其特性

通过亲和层析和羧甲基一纤维素离子交换层析从萝卜的块根中分离到两个具溶菌酶活性的酶组份：CBP1和CBP2。两者经SDS-PAGE均显示单一蛋白染色条带,其对应的分子量分别为26．9kD和24．8kD。两种蛋白除有溶菌酶活性外,还有几丁质酶活性,但无壳聚糖酶活性。各种类型的几丁质对CBP1和CBP2都有较强的吸附作用,而在还原／非还原的单向SDS-PAGE中却观察不到两者分子中存在二硫键。     

表达犬细小病毒VP2蛋白重组犬2型腺病毒的构建及鉴定

对CAV-2的E3区的Ssp I片段进行缺失构建了E3区缺失载体pVAXΔE3,然后将CPV VP2表达盒连接到pVAXΔE3的E3区缺失处,构建了CPV VP2表达盒的转移载体pΔECPV-VP2,用SalI NruI分别对pPoly2-CAV2和pΔECPV-VP2进行双酶切,分别进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳回收目的片段,将含CPV VP2表达盒的SalI NruI片段定向克隆入pPoly2-CAV-2载体,获得了含CPV VP2表达盒重组CAV-2基因组的质粒pCAV-2/CPV-VP2。用AscI ClaI对pCAV-2/CPV-VP2进行双酶切,释放CAV-2/CPV-VP2重组基因组,将CAV-2/CPV-VP2基因组与去除SalI NruI片段的CAV-2基因组的两个片段混合,利用脂质体介导共转染DK细胞,出现病变,获得重组病毒CAV-2/CPV。并且,从形态学、基因组水平、目的基因的转录及重组病毒的生长特征等方面进行了鉴定。结果证明,CAV-2/CPV具有典型的CAV-2形态特征,CAV-2/CPV在繁殖的过程中没有对CPV VP2表达盒片段进行缺失或重排,并且能够转录CPV VP2的mRNA。CAV-2/CPV的繁殖速度比野生型CAV-2的繁殖速度慢。     

重组胰高血糖素样肽-1与人血清白蛋白融合蛋白的纯化及活性研究

利用构建的重组菌株Pichia pastoris GS115/GLP-1/HSA,在10L发酵罐中表达了胰高血糖素样肽-1与人血清白蛋白融合蛋白（GLP-1/HSA）,表达量为63.6mg/L。发酵液经中空纤维柱浓缩、疏水层析、阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤分离纯化,获得了较高纯度的GLP-1/HSA,经HPLC分析纯度达95.8%。进一步的体内活性分析结果表明,GLP-1/HSA不仅具有天然GLP-1的生物活性,而且在给药后4 h仍能发挥显著性降血糖作用。以上结果表明,利用Pichia pastoris分泌型表达系统和建立的分离纯化方法,能获得大量较高纯度的GLP-1/HSA,为进一步研究和开发能够用于糖尿病临床治疗的长效GLP-1类似物奠定了基础。     

重组胰高血糖素样肽-1与人血清白蛋白融合蛋白的纯化及活性研究

利用构建的重组菌株Pichia pastoris GS115/GLP-1/HSA,在10L发酵罐中表达了胰高血糖素样肽-1与人血清白蛋白融合蛋白(GLP-1/HSA),表达量为63.6mg/L。发酵液经中空纤维柱浓缩、疏水层析、阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤分离纯化,获得了较高纯度的GLP-1/HSA,经HPLC分析纯度达95.8%。进一步的体内活性分析结果表明,GLP-1/HSA不仅具有天然GLP-1的生物活性,而且在给药后4h仍能发挥显著性降血糖作用。以上结果表明,利用Pichia pastoris分泌型表达系统和建立的分离纯化方法,能获得大量较高纯度的GLP-1/HSA,为进一步研究和开发能够用于糖尿病临床治疗的长效GLP-1类似物奠定了基础。     

蟾蜍血清梭曼水解酶（somanase）的纯化及性质的研究

从蟾蜍血清中发现并纯化出了一种与血清载脂蛋白有关的可催化神经性军用毒剂梭曼（０－１,２,２－ｔｒｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｒｏｐｙｌｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｆｌｕｏｒｉｄａｔｅ,ｓｏｍａｎ）的水解酶,此酶全部与高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）以复合形式存在于血清中。我们经过多种纯化手段,从ＨＤＬ中分离纯化出了酯酶的最小分子量组分,得到了高活性、高纯度的酶蛋白,在ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及等电聚焦电泳中呈单一区带,分子量４２ｋＤ,等电点ｐＨ５．２,并证明此酶不是ＨＤＬ中的任何一种已知载脂蛋白,也不是磷脂酶Ａ_２和磷脂酶Ｃ以及存在于ＨＤＬ中的卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（ＬＣＡＴ）。它是与ＨＤＬ中的主要载脂蛋白ａｐｏＡ_１比较牢固地连接在一起并含量甚微的一种酶蛋白,水解梭曼的Ｋｍ值ｐＨ７．２、３７℃时为３．１３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。可被对氯汞苯甲酸、ＨＣｌ－胍和ＥＤＴＡ－Ｎａ_２所抑制,二硫苏糖醇对酶活性有恢复作用。     

重组人血清白蛋白在汉逊酵母中的表达与纯化

优化人血清白蛋白（Human Serum Albumin, HSA）基因的密码子,合成基因连接到用于汉逊酵母（Hansenula polymorpha）表达的表达载体上,构建成重组人血清白蛋白（recombinant Human Serum Albumin, rHSA）表达质粒,转化汉逊酵母细胞,筛选得到的rHSA高表达细胞株HP-rHSA－C,30L发酵罐批式发酵表达量可达1.033g/L,经Streamline SP,Phenyl Bio-Sep 6FF,DEAE Sepharose层析分离获得纯化蛋白,除菌过滤后稀释,进行小鼠免疫原性分析,结果与人血清中提取的人白蛋白具有相同的抗原、抗体反应特性。