产壳聚糖酶菌株的生物学特性及抑菌性能研究

采用透明圈法,通过大量筛选得到8株产壳聚糖酶的野生菌株,对产壳聚糖酶最高的菌株Y8的菌株形态特征和生理生化特征、生长曲线、培养时间、培养起始pH等生物学特性进行了试验并对该菌所产壳聚糖酶进行了抑菌实验比较,Y8菌株产壳聚糖酶酶活力达0.50U/mL,依据《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》(第九版),初步鉴定为似单胞菌(Pseudomonas)属的一个种。菌株Y8的适宜培养pH值为6.0～7.0,最适pH值6.5。适宜养温度为28～32℃,最适值32℃。Y8所产的壳聚糖酶对细菌和真菌都有一定的抑制作用,对细菌的抑制作用要优于真菌。浓度为0.1％的壳聚糖酶抑菌能力高于1％壳聚糖,比0.1％壳低聚糖的抑菌效果略高。     

紫杉醇产生菌HU1353的鉴定

通过对紫杉醇产生菌HU1 35 3群体形态的观察 ,以及个体形态包括菌丝、分生孢子梗、分生孢子、产孢细胞、是否具喙等特征的研究 ,确定了HU1 35 3的分类地位 ,为链格孢属一新种 ,命名为红豆杉链格孢。     

芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp. S-1壳聚糖酶基因的克隆与序列分析

从连云港海滩晒虾蟹壳的泥土里筛选出一株产壳聚糖酶能力较高的菌株S-1,根据其形态特征、生理生化以及16S rDNA鉴定,初步认定该菌为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）。利用NCBI数据库中已经报道的Bacillus壳聚糖酶序列设计兼并引物,以菌株Bacillus sp. S-1的基因组DNA为模板进行聚合酶链式反应（PCR）,克隆到壳聚糖酶基因的部分序列;利用Clontech公司Universal GenomeWalker试剂盒构建该菌株的基因组步移文库,根据已测定的序列信息设计特异性引物,结合两步法PCR技术分别克隆两端未知序列,拼接获得壳聚糖酶基因的全长序列（该基因全长1362 bp编码453个氨基酸,注册号：EU924147）,并对该序列进行了生物信息学方面的分析。     

紫杉醇产生菌HQD33的鉴定

通过对紫杉醇产生菌HQD33的群体形态和菌丝、分生孢子梗、产孢细胞、分生孢子等个体形态的研究,确定了HQD33的分类地位,为树状多节孢.     

一株产耐高温β-甘露聚糖酶菌株的筛选鉴定

目的:筛选鉴定一株产耐高温β-甘露聚糖酶的天然菌株。方法:通过形态、生理生化特征及16S rDNA比对,对从水温高于68℃的热泉中分离出的一株产β-甘露聚糖酶细菌进行鉴定。结果:该菌株的最适生长温度为50℃,可在35～80℃条件下生长,确定为一种极端嗜热枯草芽胞杆菌;该菌所产的β-甘露聚糖酶可耐受90℃高温处理。结论:产耐高温β-甘露聚糖酶极端嗜热枯草芽胞杆菌的筛选鉴定,为后续重组耐高温β-甘露聚糖酶的开发奠定了基础。     

一株产甘露聚糖酶菌株的分离鉴定及酶的纯化与性质

【目的】筛选性能良好的产碱性甘露聚糖酶的菌株,对菌株进行多项分类鉴定,分离纯化所产甘露聚糖酶并进行性质研究。【方法】利用碱性魔芋粉培养基分离纯化产甘露聚糖酶的嗜碱菌,通过形态特征观察、生理生化测定、16S rRNA序列分析等实验确定菌株的分类地位。利用硫酸铵沉淀、阴离子交换层析和分子筛层析得到电泳纯的酶,分析了酶的最适温度、最适pH、温度和pH稳定性、NaCl以及金属离子等的耐受性。【结果】从我国内蒙古碱湖样品中分离得到一株产碱性甘露聚糖酶的菌株HMTS15,经过多项分类鉴定显示其是与Bacillus agaradhaerens DSM 8721不同的新菌株。菌株HMTS15所产的甘露聚糖酶反应的最适pH为10.0,最适温度75℃。【结论】多项分类结果鉴定菌株为Bacillus agaradhaerens HMTS15。该菌株产生的碱性甘露聚糖酶与同类其他来源的酶相比具有更好的热稳定性和pH适应性,有进一步的研究价值。     

微孔板与响应面相结合筛选壳聚糖酶高产菌株

利用微孔板与响应面相结合筛选壳聚糖酶高产菌株.经平板透明圈法从土样中筛选出60株产壳聚糖酶菌株,再经96孔板复筛得到1株产壳聚糖酶活力较高的菌株.通过Plackett-Burman设计实验确定蛋白胨、胶体壳聚糖、CaCl2对产酶具有显著影响;最后应用中心组合设计和响应面分析得到以上3个因素的最佳浓度分别为(%,w/v)...     

高活性壳聚糖酶制剂的制备及其对壳聚糖降解作用的研究

对系列壳聚糖酶高产菌株的产酶性能及产酶发酵液的壳聚糖酶活性进行了比较,从中筛选出一株优良芽孢杆菌菌株,其产酶发酵液的壳聚糖酶活力高达5000U/mL(以单位时间内底物壳聚糖的减少量确定酶活力)。利用此粗制壳聚糖酶制剂对壳聚糖进行酶解产糖的研究表明:壳聚糖的转化率及壳寡糖的产率在适合的酶解条件下,短时间内即可接近100%。     

球壳孢目真菌个体发育研究Ⅰ:壳二胞等四属

人工培养条件下,用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜对球壳孢目（Sphaerosidales）的Ascochyta,Phyllosticta,Phomopsis,Septoria四属进行个体发育研究,明确了其产孢方式：Ascochyta和Phyllosticta为内壁芽生瓶梗式;Phomopsis为全壁芽生瓶梗式;Septoria为全壁芽生合轴式,这一结果为属级分类提供了可靠的依据。产孢方式是属内共同具有的稳定特征,分生孢子的形成方式类型、产孢细胞及分生孢子的形态是划分属的首要标准。以寄主植物属为基础确定的同属大多数种在个体发育上无明显差别,分生孢子的形态及大小是分种的一个重要依据。     

镰刀菌产孢细胞的形态发育及其孢子产生过程的观察

Booth对镰刀菌(Fusarium)的分类作出了最显赫的贡献,指出了分生孢子的形态是鉴定Fusaritan“种”的重要特征,但产孢细胞更为重要。在Booth这一思想的指引下,作者在研究菜豆枯萎病病原的过程中,以其病原尖孢镰刀菌菜豆专化型(Fusarium oxysporium f．sp．phaseoli)为材料,详细观察了该菌产孢细胞形态发育及其孢子产生过程。     

Characteristics and properties of a caldo-active bacterium producing extracellular enzymes and two related strains

Summary The caldo-active strain YT-P was found to produce a variety of extracellular enzymes, including an amylase and a protease, which were further examined. With azo-casein as a substrate, optimum conditions with respect to enzyme and substrate concentration were determined for the protease. The optimum temperature was found to be 70°C, with a sharp decline to both lower and higher temperatures. The enzyme was found to be extremely heat-stabile, with unaltered activity after 8 hours at 80°C.Optimum conditions for the amylase were also examined. This enzyme was shown to be less heat-stabile, though the temperature optimum was again at 70°C. The activity or stability was not influenced by absence or presence of Ca-ions. The main activity of the amylase was found in the 20–40% ammonium sulfate fraction, which also contained the bulk of the proteolytic enzyme.This strain growth optimally on a variety of carbon sources at 72°C. Typical submicroscopical features are the double-layered cell wall, and a cytoplasmic membrane with a varying number of small dots and dot-free patches.Furthermore the nutritional requirements and submicroscopical features of two other strains, YT-G and YT-F, are described and compared to strain YT-P.Based on the fatty acid composition of the three spore forming caldo-active strains we suggest that they belong to the genus Bacillus, and propose the names B. caldolyticus for strain YT-P, B. caldovelox for strain YT-F, and B. caldotenax for strain YT-G.     

A novel capsular polysaccharide from Rhizobium rubi strain DSM 30149

Rhizobium rubi, strain DSM 30149, is a Gram negative phytopathogenic bacterium which produces a linear polysaccharide with the following repeating unit: This new structure was determined by spectroscopical and chemical methods. It presents similar lipophilic features reported for another strain of R. rubi. These contrast with features already known for capsular polysaccharide species from symbiontic members of the Rhizobiaceae family, namely highly anionic polymers.     

焦化废水中4株苯酚高效降解菌的分离及鉴定

目的:从焦化废水中筛选苯酚高效降解菌并进行鉴定.方法:在100～1000 mg/L的苯酚为惟-碳源的无机盐培养基上分离出单菌落,测定各菌株的生长曲线以及对苯酚的降解效牢;利用 16S rDNA序列分析结合菌株的形态特征确定各菌株的分类地位.结果:筛选获得4株苯酚降解菌,均能够以苯酚为惟一碳源,在30℃、pH7.0、摇床转速130 r/min、2%的接种量条件下,24h内能将1 000mg/L的苯酚降解91%以上;4株菌可初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(ZL1)、产碱杆菌属(ZL2、ZL4)、沙雷氏菌属(ZL3).其中,从焦化废水中分离出高效降解苯酚的沙雷氏菌未见报道.结论:从焦化废水中获得4株苯酚高效降解细菌,对高浓度含酚废水的生物降解具有潜在的应用前景.     

Temperature sensitive mutant of Herpes simplex virus type 1. I. Pathogenicity and immunogenicity]

The aim of the study was to characterize biological features of the sensitive mutant of HSV-1, derived from McIntyre strain by numerous virus passages at lowered replication temperature (28 degrees C). Pathogenicity of obtained ts mutant for inbred mice lines, CFW/Pzh and BALB/cPzh, was determined. Statistically significant decrease in virulence of the mutant for these mouse lines was demonstrated, as compared with the native virus strain, propagated at 37 degrees C. Immunogenic activity of ts mutant of HSV-1 defined by the possibility of mouse protection against infection with high virulent was determined. Mice, which at the time of immunization with ts mutant received Depo-Medrol--an immunosuppressive agent--were also found to be capable of inducing defense mechanisms to infection with the native strain.     

Isolation and complete nucleotide sequence of the measles virus IMB-1 strain in China

The complete nucleotide sequence of the measles virus strain IMB-1, which was isolated in China, was determined. As in other measles viruses, its genome is 15,894 nucleotides in length and encodes six proteins. The full-length nucleotide sequence of the IMB-1 isolate differed from vaccine strains (including wild-type Edmonston strain) by 4%–5% at the nucleotide sequence level. This isolate has amino acid variations over the full genome, including in the hemagglutinin and fusion genes. This report is the first to describe the full-length genome of a genotype H1 strain and provide an overview of the diversity of genetic characteristics of a circulating measles virus.     

Core oligosaccharide structure from the highly phytopathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens TT111 and conformational analysis of the putative rhamnan epitope

The structure of the complex mixture of the core oligosaccharide components of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) fraction of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain TT111 was determined directly on the deacetylated products by means of spectroscopical methods. The rhamnan oligosaccharide elongating the inner Kdo residue shares structural features with other polysaccharides from well-known plant pathogenic bacteria. Its conformation was determined through extensive molecular dynamic (MD) analysis and presents an epitope similar to that recognized from the plant defense system.     

Isolation and characterization of marine-derived Mucor sp. for the fermentative production of tyrosol

An investigation of marine red algae surface-associated fungal communities led to the isolation of a previously undescribed Mucor strain. Many characteristic features of the genus Mucor, including sporangiophores, sporangium, sporangiospores and columellae, were apparent in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the isolated strain. The sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA revealed that the strain exhibits 97% homology to the genus Mucor. In a search for active compounds isolated by an ethyl acetate extract of the strain, tyrosol (2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol) was identified as a major secondary metabolite present in the culture broth. Remarkably, the tyrosol production level was considerably higher than that of reported tyrosol producing microorganisms. The optimal conditions for the fermentative production of tyrosol by the new strain were identified, including culture media, incubation period, temperature and pH. These findings clearly demonstrate that this novel strain has the potential for development as a natural source of tyrosol for industrial purposes.     

特超强毒648株马立克氏病病毒的囊膜糖蛋白gE基因的克隆和序列比较

鸡马立克氏病毒特超强毒 (vv+MDV) 648株的囊膜糖蛋白 gE基因经PCR扩增并克隆入pUC1 8载体。 648株gE基因经核酸序列分析测定 ,全长为 1 494碱基。所编码的蛋白具有跨膜糖蛋白的一些特征。它含有 8个潜在的糖基化位点、N端有一段疏水区 (1～ 1 9aa)所构成的信号肽、C端有一段疏水区 (391～ 41 9aa)所构成的膜锚着序列。经 648株 (vv+MDV)和马立克氏病毒强毒 (vMDV)GA株的 gE相比较 ,在MDV血清 1型中 gE是较为保守的 ,二者仅有 2个核苷酸的差异 (第 51 2位、第 1 472位 ) ,并导致了有二个相应的氨基酸的改变 (第1 71位Leu/Pro、第 491位Arg/Lys)。