鲻鱼鳃组织14-3-3a、NKCCla、Apo-14和Na~+-K~+-ATPaseβ基因表达对盐度变化的响应

探讨了鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)鳃组织14-3-3a、NKCCla、Apo-14和Na+-K+-ATPaseβ基因对盐度变化的响应表达特性。结果表明:不同盐度处理组对14-3-3a、NKCC1a、Apo-14和Na+-K+-ATPaseβ等4种基因mRNA的表达量与对照组(盐度20)间存在一定的差异性,且各类基因与盐度适应相关性的差异性也较为显著;其中Na+-K+-ATPaseβ和NKCC1a在低盐环境下被显著诱导,表达量上升明显(P0.01),而14-3-3a与Apo-14在低盐环境下表达量均有明显的下调(P0.05);不同盐度处理组与对照组表达量的差异、各基因表达量与盐度的回归关系以及4种基因生物整合标志物响应值的不同,表明Na+-K+-ATPaseβ和NKCC1a相对于14-3-3a和Apo-14更能赋予生物在受到低盐度应激刺激后,产生渗透调节机制,提高生物抵抗环境的胁迫能力;可考虑Na+-K+-ATPaseβ和NKCC1a适宜作为鱼类鳃组织在低盐环境胁迫下调控渗透基因的潜在分子生物标志物。     

红罗非鱼Na~+-K~+-ATPase α基因的克隆及其在不同盐度条件下mRNA表达差异

为获知红罗非鱼(Oreochromis sp.)Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的全长分子结构及其在不同盐度条件下的表达情况,采用同源克隆及cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE-PCR)方法,首次在红罗非鱼鳃组织中克隆到了全长为3 379 bp的Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因全长cDNA序列,该序列包含3 072 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),143 bp的5'末端非编码区(UTR)和164 bp的3'末端非编码区(UTR),编码1023个氨基酸,预测分子量为112.5 kD,理论等电点为5.26。BLAST分析显示红罗非鱼Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因编码的氨基酸序列与其它已知物种相应基因编码的氨基酸序列的同源性达到97%-99%;系统进化分析显示,红罗非鱼Na+-K+-ATPaseα亚基与萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanotheron)和莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)亲缘关系较近。应用Real-time PCR技术,以β-actin基因为内参,对不同盐度(0、15、25、32 g/L)条件下鳃组织中Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的表达情况进行了比较分析,结果表明,当盐度为25 g/L时,Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的表达量达到峰值,而盐度升至32 g/L时,其表达量呈下降趋势;各盐度处理组中,养殖12 h后Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的mRNA表达量显著上升(P0.05)并达到最高;随着养殖时间的延长,24 h后该基因mRNA表达量开始降低,但仍然显著高于对照组的表达量值(P0.05)。     

盐度对日本囊对虾仔虾生长发育和Na+-K+-ATPase活力的影响

研究了盐度对日本囊对虾仔虾(Marsupenaeus Japonicus)的生长发育和Na -K -ATPase活力的影响。结果表明,盐度对日本囊对虾仔虾存活率、增重率和Na -K -ATPase活力的影响显著(P<0.05)。随着向低盐度变化的增加,仔虾的存活率和增重率明显下降,而向高盐度变化无显著差异;在盐度变化48h内,随着盐度变化的增加仔虾Na -K -ATPase活力变化增大,各处理组仔虾Na -K -ATPase活力随着取样时间的增加呈峰值变化,至24h时低盐度处理组酶活力达到最大值,而高盐度处理组达到最小值:至48h~72h时,不同盐度下仔虾Na -K -ATPase活力趋于稳定,而且盐度越低酶活力越大。由此表明日本囊对虾仔虾在低盐度地下卤水中的适宜盐度为20‰—24‰。     

NaCl胁迫对盐芥质膜和液泡膜ATPase活性的影响

以盐生植物盐芥和中生植物拟南芥幼苗为材料,研究了盐胁迫对它们叶片和根质膜、液泡膜H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPases和K+-ATPase活性以及H+-ATPase、Na+/H+ 逆向转运蛋白表达的影响.结果显示:在NaCl胁迫下,盐芥叶片和根质膜的H+-ATPase活性分别比对照显著升高41%～212%和35%～53%,液泡膜的H+-ATPase分别显著升高281%～373%和4%～38%,而拟南芥却比相应对照都显著降低;相同盐浓度胁迫下,盐芥叶片的H+-ATPase活性比根部高4～8倍,盐芥根也远高于拟南芥.在NaCl胁迫下,盐芥叶片和根的液泡膜H+-ATPase蛋白质β亚基含量变化与其酶活性变化趋势一致,质膜Na+/H+ 逆向转运蛋白的表达量与Na+含量变化趋势一致.盐胁迫下盐芥根中Ca2+-ATPases和K+-ATPase活性的增加与根中Ca2+和K+含量呈显著正相关.研究发现,在盐胁迫条件下,盐芥能有效增强H+-ATPase蛋白和Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白表达,显著提高其根系与叶片质膜和液泡膜的H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase和K+-ATPase活性,维持细胞质中较高的Ca2+和K+水平,从而缓解盐胁迫的伤害,增强耐盐性.     

温度和盐度对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力的联合效应

试验采用中心组合设计(central composite face-centered design,CCF)和响应曲面法(response surface methodology,RSM)研究了温度(12—34℃)和盐度(0—26)两因素对体长为(4.36±0.105)cm,体重为(2.45±0.153)g的吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(GIFT Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus;简称吉富罗非鱼)幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力的联合效应。结果表明:(1)温度和盐度的一次效应和二次效应对Na+-K+-ATPase活力影响极显著(P<0.01),温度和盐度的互作效应不显著(P>0.05);(2)经响应曲面法分析,随着温度和盐度的增大,Na+-K+-ATPase活力呈先减小后增大的趋势;(3)建立了Na+-K+-ATPase活力与温度、盐度间关系的模型方程(R2=0.9829,Pred.R2=0.8550,P<0.01),并可用于预测吉富罗非鱼幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase的活力;(4)优化结果显示,温度为24.15℃,盐度为11.75时,Na+-K+-ATPase活力最小为0.62μmol无机磷.mg-1蛋白.h-1,满意度函数值高达0.961。Na+-K+-ATPase活力可以作为检测罗非鱼生长性能的指标,其活力较低时,一般反映了鱼体生存环境适宜,生长代谢旺盛,消耗于渗透调节的能量较少。     

盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼鳃Na -K -ATPase活力、血清离子浓度 和激素水平的影响

采用饲养试验方法,研究了平均体质量为(7.16±0.07)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼分别在盐度12、18、24、30和36下饲养60 d后,其鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力、血清离子浓度、生长激素(GH)、皮质醇激素(COR)、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FCE)的变化。结果表明:幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力、血清Na+浓度均随盐度的升高而上升,分别在3.48~8.30 U/mg和169.99~180.00 mmol/L之间,其中12盐度组最低,36盐度组最高。幼鱼血清中K+和Cl-浓度分别在2.20~3.47 mmol/L和136.67~142.00 mmol/L之间,各盐度组之间差异不显著。幼鱼血清中GH和COR浓度分别在0.41~1.66 ng/ml和35.33~76.41 ng/ml之间;其中GH在36盐度组最高,12盐度组最低,而COR在12盐度组最高,36盐度组最低。幼鱼SGR和FCE分别在(1.45~2.00)%/d和1.12%~1.38%之间,与盐度的相关性不显著,两者均为12盐度组最低。由此可见,盐度变化显著影响大菱鲆幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力、血清Na+浓度和激素含量。本研究对大菱鲆养殖生理生态条件分析具有重要参考意义,研究结果可为大菱鲆养殖的盐度选择提供理论依据。     

盐胁迫下OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻的生理特性及转录组学分析

为探究盐胁迫下OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻的生理特性和差异基因的表达调控,以中花11(ZH11)植株为对照,对OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻幼苗进行生理特性和转录组学分析,结果表明:正常条件下,ZH11和Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻中叶绿素含量和根部Na+/K+均显著低于ZH11,其他各项生理指标均没有显著性差异,而盐胁迫处理后,Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻中的叶绿素含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与ZH11相比没有明显变化,但转基因植株中的细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、Na+/K+显著或极显著低于ZH11,脯氨酸(Pro)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著或极显著高于ZH11。Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻在盐胁迫前后共产生68个差异表达基因,其中有55个上调表达,13个下调表达。GO分析结果显示,差异表达基因主要富集在胁迫应激反应、分解代谢等生物学过程中。KEGG分析结果表明,差异表达基因主要参与类胡萝卜素生物合成、油菜素内酯生物合成以及表皮素,软木脂和蜡质生物合成代谢通路中,进一步通过RT-q PCR验证了Osb ZIP16、Os LEA3、RAB21等差异表达基因参与水稻的胁迫应答反应。综上,在生理层面上,Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻主要通过降低细胞膜透性、MDA含量和Na+/K+,增加Pro含量,提高SOD和POD活性,抑制叶绿素的降解来提高耐盐性;在分子水平上,Os DSR2主要通过脱落酸(ABA)、油菜素内酯(BR)信号通路参与调控Osb ZIP16、Os LEA3、RAB21等逆境相关基因的表达来提高苗期水稻的耐盐性,为进一步阐明Os DSR2参与调控水稻耐盐的详细分子机制奠定基础。     

花烟草NaNHX1基因的克隆及其在非生物胁迫下的表达模式

植物NHX家族基因,在植物的生长发育以及生物与非生物胁迫的应答反应中发挥着十分重要的作用。为了探究花烟草Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白的生理功能,为花烟草耐盐分子机制的研究提供参考。采用同源克隆的方法进行基因克隆,对花烟草进行非生物胁迫,并运用qPCR的方法进行基因表达模式分析。结果表明,从花烟草(Nicotiana alata)中克隆了一个属于Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白家族的基因NaNHX1。该基因的开放阅读框全长为1 599 bp,编码了532个氨基酸残基。生物信息学分析结果表明,该基因编码的蛋白分子量为58.4 kD,等电点为5.66;具有Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白家族典型的保守结构域NhaP2;该蛋白属于疏水性蛋白,包含10个跨膜区。NaNHX1基因主要定位于细胞质膜,并含有多个磷酸化位点。同源性分析的结果显示,NaNHX1基因与美花烟草(Nicotiana sylvestris)、茸毛烟草(Nicotiana tomentosiformis)以及番茄(Solanum lycoperisicum)NHX基因的亲缘关系最近,而与拟南芥的NHX基因同源性最低。NaNHX1基因的表达具有组织表达特异性,花中表达量最高,茎中次之,根和叶中表达量较低。在高盐、干旱、低温、ABA、低钾及H2O2等非生物胁迫下,NaNHX1的表达呈现3种不同的表达模式。其中,对高盐及低钾胁迫的响应强烈。本研究的结果表明,NaNHX1基因属于Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白家族,可能参与了花烟草高盐和低钾胁迫,以及其它非生物胁迫响应在内的众多生理过程。     

大蒜素对大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力和ATP酶活性的影响

目的:探讨大蒜素对大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力和ATP酶活性的影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为安静组、训练组、大蒜素训练组(n=10),6周训练和补充大蒜素后,测定大鼠骨骼肌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、Ca2+-ATPase、Na+-K+-ATPase和血清Ca2+的含量。结果:大蒜素训练组与训练组相比,运动至力竭的时间明显延长;骨骼肌抗氧化能力明显升高,Na+-K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase及血清Ca2+极为显著升高。结论:大蒜素能增强大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力,延缓疲劳出现。     

NaCl和Na2CO3对盐地碱蓬胁迫效应的比较

在相同的Na 浓度(如100 mmol/L)下,NaCl处理促进碱蓬植株干重增加,提高根系活力,而Na2CO3处理导致植株干重减少,根系活力降低;与NaCl胁迫相比,Na2CO3胁迫下叶片内Na 含量上升和K 含量下降幅度更大,叶肉细胞质Na 含量和叶内脯氨酸含量增加幅度更大,而V-H -ATPase(液泡膜H -ATPase)和V-H -PPase (液泡膜H -PPase)增加幅度较少;与NaCl胁迫不同,Na2CO3胁迫下SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性不是增加,而是降低,与此相一致,MDA(丙二醛)含量大幅度增加.上述结果表明,碱蓬对Na2CO3胁迫的抗性低于对NaCl的抗性,这可能与Na2CO3胁迫引起的Na 、K 离子严重失衡、活性氧清除能力降低有关.     

日本对虾(Marsupenaeys japonicus)HsP70基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

根据中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeuschinensis)Hsp70的cDNA序列及日本对虾(Marsupenaeusjaponicus)Hsp70cDNA序列片段设计引物,用RT-PCR方法,从经热休克处理的日本对虾鳃总RNA中克隆到长1992bp的Hsp70cDNA序列,包括长1959bp的完整编码序列(CDS)。根据编码序列推导出相应的652个氨基酸,与其他真核生物Hsp70家族成员进行同源性比较,发现与凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)、斑节对虾(PinaeusmonodonFabricius)、中国明对虾(Penaeuschinesis)的相似度分别为99.5%、99.4%、99.4%,与日本沼虾(Macrobrachiumnipponense)和罗氏沼虾(M.rosenbergii)的相似度分别为93.7%和92.9%,与虹鳟(Oncorhynchusmykiss)、原鸡(Callusgallus)、家鼠(Musmusculus)和人(Homosapiens)的相似度为89.2%、85.4%、88.3%和88.3%,表现出较高的保守性。分析表明所得到的日本对虾Hsp70是一种Dnak亚家族类型的细胞质Hsp70,拥有完整的N端ATP酶结构域(约45kDa)、底物肽结合结构域(18kDa)及C端结构域(10kDa)。以上结果说明我们所得到的序列是一条包含完整CDS的Hsp70基因序列。     

Subunit D of the vacuolar H+-ATPase of Arabidopsis thaliana.

A 1034 bp cDNA encoding the full length sequence of subunit D of the vacuolar H+-ATPase was cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana. The open reading frame of the cDNA clone vatpD contains 780 bp and codes for a protein of 29.1 kDa with a pI of 9.52. Structural predictions show similarities to subunit gamma of the F-ATP synthases. Identity between subunit D of the vacuolar H+-ATPase of A. thaliana and subunits D from other eukaryotic organisms is in the range of 57% (Bos taurus) to 48% (Candida albicans). Hybridization of genomic DNA with vatpD indicates the existence of one gene copy of subunit D in A. thaliana. Northern blot hybridization and in situ hybridization showed expression of vatpD in all cell types. The expression of subunit D was not modified by salt stress or abscisic acid treatment in A. thaliana.     

Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase from liver of Sparus aurata: nutritional regulation of enzyme expression

A cDNA clone encoding full-length 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (6PF-2-K/Fru-2, 6-P2ase) was isolated and sequenced from a Sparus aurata liver cDNA library. The 2527 bp nucleotide sequence of the cDNA contains a 73 bp 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR), an open reading frame that encodes a 469 amino acid protein and 1041 bp at the 3'-UTR. The deduced amino acid sequence is the first inferred 6PF-2-K/Fru-2, 6-P2ase in fish. The kinase and bisphosphatase domains, where the residues described as crucial for the mechanism of reaction of the bifunctional enzyme are located, present a high degree of homology with other liver isoenzymes. However, within the first 30 amino acids at the N-terminal regulatory domain of the fish enzyme a low homology is found. Nutritional regulation of the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity, together with immunodetectable protein and mRNA levels of 6PF-2-K/Fru-2,6-P2ase, was observed after starvation and refeeding. In contrast to results previously described for rat liver, the decrease in immunodetectable protein and kinase activity caused by starvation was associated in the teleostean fish to a decrease in mRNA levels.     

The biological effect of sodium butyrate (NaBT) on SGC-7901 cells

Changes of (Na+-K+)-ATPase activity, cAMP and fibronectin (FN) content and cell surface microvilli were studied cytochemically, immunocytochemically and scanning electron microscopically on human stomach Glandular carcinoma (SGC-7901) cells treated with NaBT(2.5 mM). It was found that NaBT not only inhibited cell growth but also remarkably decreased the activity of cell surface (Na+-K+)-ATPase of SGC-7901 cells. Note worthy was that, in comparison with the untreated tumor cells, the increase of the intensity of intracellular cAMP and FN immunofluorescence in NaBT-treated tumor cells was striking. Moreover, in contrast to untreated tumor cells, the cell surface of NaBT-treated tumor cells showed more smooth and fewer microvilli under SEM. That NaBT may induce differentiation of SGC-7901 cells through inhibition of (Na+-K+)-ATPase activity and modulation of cellular cAMP and FN content was discussed.     

Action of luliberine on the Na,K-ATPase and Ca-ATPase activity of the sarcolemma of the rat heart]

The effect of luliberine, one of the hypothalamic releasing-factors, upon the ATPase activity in the rat heart sarcolemma was investigated. A decrease in the (Na+-K+)-ATPase activity and stimulation of Ca-ATPase activity under the influence of luliberine were demonstrated. Inhibition of (Na+-K+)-ATPase by cAMP and noradrenaline was also revealed. A possibility of the direct and cAMP-mediated action of luliberine on the Na+-K+)-ATPase activity is suggested.     

Impairment of H+-K+-ATPase-dependent proton transport and inhibition of gastric acid secretion by ethanol

Ethanol (1-20% vol/vol) caused a dose-dependent reduction in the basal rate of acid formation in isolated rabbit gastric glands with a calculated EC(50) value of 4.5 +/- 0.2%. Ethanol also reduced ATP levels in isolated gastric glands and in cultured parietal cells (EC(50): 8.8 +/- 0.4% and 8.5 +/- 0.2%, respectively) and decreased both basal and forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels. In studies carried out in gastric gland microsomes, ethanol inhibited the hydrolytic activity of H+-K+-ATPase(EC(50): 8.5 +/- 0.6%), increased passive proton permeability (EC(50): 7.9%), and reduced H+-K+-ATPase-dependent proton transport (EC(50): 3%). Our results show that the inhibition of gastric acid secretion observed at low concentrations of ethanol (< or =5%) is mainly caused by the specific impairment of H+-K+-ATPase-dependent proton transport across cell membranes rather than inhibition of the hydrolytic activity of H+-K+-ATPase, reduction in the cellular content of ATP, or increase in the passive permeability of membranes to protons, although these changes, in combination, must be relevant at concentrations of ethanol > or =7%.     

红鳍东方鲀GPI基因对急性低盐胁迫的响应机制

为了获得红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶(Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase, GPI)的基因信息及其表达特性, 研究采用RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR (qPCR) 技术进行了GPI基因的克隆、组织表达分析及其在急性低盐胁迫下的基因响应研究。结果显示, 所获得的红鳍东方鲀GPI基因序列长1736 bp, 包含一个完整的开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame, ORF)。ORF由1662个核苷酸组成, 编码553个氨基酸; 预测的氨基酸序列中有2个糖异构域(Sugar Isomerase Domains), 不存在信号肽和跨膜结构域。多序列比对结果表明物种间GPI具有较高的保守性。qPCR结果表明: GPI基因mRNA在红鳍东方鲀鳃、肌肉、脑、肠、肝及肾等组织中均有表达, 其中肌肉中表达量最高。在不同盐度胁迫下, 在鳃中, 各低盐组GPI mRNA相对表达量均呈现先升高后降低又回升的趋势; 在肾中, 各低盐组GPI mRNA相对表达量变化趋势各有不同。由此推测, GPI基因在红鳍东方鲀对急性低盐胁迫的响应中发挥一定作用。     

小麦盐胁迫相关基因的克隆与表达分析

采用RT-PCR方法,从小麦中克隆获得1个盐诱导小麦MYB类转录因子基因TaSIM（Triticum aestivum salt-induced MYB）,该基因cDNA全长1 213bp,具有1个831bp的开放阅读框,编码276个氨基酸,预测分子量约为29.903kD,等电点为10.12,推测的氨基酸序列中含有2个高度保守的SANT结构域。系统发生树分析表明,TaSIM与二穗短柄草XP₀03576185亲缘关系最近。半定量RT-PCR检测结果显示,TaSIM基因受盐胁迫诱导表达。亚细胞定位结果显示,TaSIM-hGFP融合蛋白定位于细胞核中。研究结果表明,小麦TaSIM基因编码的蛋白可能在细胞核内参与小麦对盐胁迫的应答反应。     

PKA-mediated effect of MAS receptor in counteracting angiotensin II-stimulated renal Na-ATPase

We showed previously that angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] reversed stimulation of proximal tubule Na⁺-ATPase promoted by angiotensin II (Ang II) through a d-ala⁷-Ang-(1-7) (A779)-sensitive receptor. Here we investigated the signaling pathway coupled to this receptor. According to our data, Ang-(1-7) produces a MAS-mediated reversal of Ang II-stimulated Na⁺-ATPase by a Gs/PKA pathway because: (1) the Ang-(1-7) effect is reversed by GDPβS, an inhibitor of trimeric G protein and Gs polyclonal antibody. Cholera toxin, an activator of Gs protein, mimicked it; (2) in the presence of Ang II, Ang-(1-7) increased the PKA activity 10-fold; (3) the peptide inhibitor of PKA blocked the Ang-(1-7) effect on Ang II-stimulated Na⁺-ATPase; (4) Ang-(1-7) reverses the Ang II-stimulated PKC activity; (5) cAMP mimicked the Ang-(1-7) effect on the Ang II-stimulated Na⁺-ATPase. Our results provide new understanding about the signaling mechanisms coupled to MAS receptor-mediated renal Ang-(1-7) effects.