底物膜技术检测精子顶体酶活性的研究

应用底物膜技术检测１３０例正常精液,精子顶体酶活性百分率的正常值下限为５７％。４５９例不孕症病人精液分析,无精症２５例,其余４３４例中７５％精子顶体酶活性正常。实验表明精子密度对数值与顶体酶活性百分率之间有正相关,ｒ＝０．８４（Ｐ＜０．０１）,回归方程为顶体酶活性百分率ｙ＝４８．４３％＋（８．９％）（ｌｏｇ精子计数）。活动精子百分率与顶体酶活性之间有密切正相关,ｒ＝０．９６７,（Ｐ＜０．０１）,顶体酶活性ｙ＝３８．６％＋０、３６ｘ％。前向活跃直线运动精子百分率与顶体酶活性之间也有密切相关．ｒ＝０．９６,（Ｐ＜０．０１）,顶体酶活性ｙ＝３４．２１％＋０．６１ｘ％。     

马尾松天然群体同工酶遗传变异

６个马尾松天然群体同工酶分析结果表明：马尾松群体具有较丰富的遗传变异,其多态位点百分率（Ｐ）＝７６．２％;等位基因平均数（Ｎａ）＝２．３９;有效等位基因平均数（Ｎｅ）＝１．６２,平均杂合率（Ｈｅ）＝０．２７３。但群体间遗传分化极小,基因分化系数（Ｇ＿（ＳＴ））＝０．０１７２,遗传距离（Ｄ）＝０．０１１±０．００５。总遗传变异中,约２％来自群体间,而约９８％的遗传变异存在于群体内的个体,并且其变异又主要来源于１／３的基因位点。马尾松群体近似于随机交配群体,绝大多数位点处于平衡状况,但也有约１／３的位点并非随机交配,存在不同程度的近交。     

紫貂秋季生境选择的初步研究

采用无线电跟踪技术和全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）对大兴安岭地区紫貂（Ｍａｒｔｅｓ ｚｉｂｅｌｌｉｎａ）秋季的生境选择进行研究。秋季紫貂对优势树种（以落叶松为主,７２％）、中下坡位（９０％）、小树密度（Ｐ＝０．０００４）、大树密度（Ｐ＝０００１）、大树胸径（Ｐ＝０．０００１）、倒木长度（Ｐ＝０．０００６）及密度（Ｐ＝０．０００１）都有一定的选择性,对坡向,灌丛盖度的选择性不明显,对中等盖度的林地有一定的选     

杭州石荠苎和石香薷的遗传多样性研究

杭州石荠苎分布于华东沿海少数地区,石香薷则分布于长江以南的广大地区。采用淀粉凝胶电泳方法,分析了１５个酶系统,获得２８个位点的资料。分析结果表明,杭州石荠苎和石香薷均具较低的遗传多样性水平。杭州石荠苎常用的遗传多样性指标为Ａ＝１．２５,Ｐ＝２１．４３％,Ｈｅ＝０．０８２,Ｈｔ＝０．１０１４;石香薷为Ａ＝１．１０,Ｐ＝９．５２％,Ｈｅ＝０．０２１,Ｈｔ＝０．０４５０。在有限的遗传多样性中,杭州石荠苎的遗传多样性主要存在于居群之内（Ｇｓｔ＝０．２２１９）,石香薷的遗传多样性主要存在于居群之间（Ｇｓｔ＝０．５５３３）。石香薷维持更低的遗传多样性是受该种繁育系统类型和进化历史的制约。分析了同工酶多样性和形态多样性的关系,并根据杭州石荠苎的遗传多样性分布式样提出了杭州石荠苎遗传多样性保护的策略。     

低氧诱导兔血MDA和棘状红细胞增加及其被MPEG—SOD抑制

兔模拟海拔高度５ ０００ｍ低氧（低压舱,ＰａＯ２＝６．９ｋＰａ）,按０．２５,０．５,１,２,３,４,５和２４ｈ顺序,红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ ｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ,ＥＣ１．１５．１;．１,ＳＯＤ）活性百分数分别下降至８６％,７６％,８１％,８４％,５５％,８１％,８４％和９５％,在０．５和３ｈ酶活性下降显著（与低氧前比,ｎ＝５,ｐ〈０．０５和ｐ〈０．０１）。在低氧前由腹腔注入维生     

青年男性高原移居者最大摄氧量计算公式的推导

最大摄氧量（Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ）是评价人体体力的重要指标,其测定方法分直接法和间接法两种。目前所推导的间接计算公式都是在平原、或是在进入高原初期推导的,不适用于高原习服人群。本研究采用逐步回归的方法,推导出移居高原７－２７个月、不同高度的青年男性Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ间接计算公式。在海拔３６８０ｍ地区,Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ（Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）＝１．１５３１＋０．００７３２７身高（ｃｍ）＋０．０１６１３体重（ｋｇ）－０．００５８８３晨脉（ｂ／ｍｉｎ）－０．００４５３４运动心率（６０Ｗ,６／ｍｉｎ）,Ｒ＝０．７４５,Ｐ＜０．０１,ＳＳ＝３．７７９９;或Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ（Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）＝１．２１８６＋０．０１９８４体重（ｋｇ）＋０．０７２５９肺活量（Ｌ）－０．００６６５９晨脉（ｂ／ｍｉｎ）,Ｒ＝０．７１３,ｐ＜０．０１,ｓｓ＝３．９６３６。在４３５０ｍ地区,Ｖｏ２．ｍａｘ（Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）＝０．４９１７＋０．０１６８７体重（ｋｇ）＋０．１１０９肺活量（Ｌ）＋０．００１９８３屏气时间（Ｓ）,Ｒ＝０．７８１,Ｐ＜０．０１,ＳＳ＝２．１３５６。计算值与实测值比较,变异系数在１３％以内,结果准确可靠,适用于青年男性高原习服移居者。     

野苋菜的氨基酸含量与营养评价

野苋菜含有１８种氨基酸,其中有营养必需的８种氨基酸。含硫氨基酸ＡＡＳ＝０．５１,为第一限制氨基酸。Ｅ／Ｅ＋Ｎ＝４１．６％,Ｅ／Ｎ＝０．７１,接近ＷＨＯ／ＦＡＯ提出的参考蛋白模式。     

在韩国境内Potentilla fragarioides var.sprengeliana的遗传多样 …

根据２２个等位酶位点遗传变异,探讨了韩国境内委陵菜（Ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉｌｌａ ｆｒａｇａｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ Ｌ．ｖａｒ．ｓｐｒｅｎｇｅｌｉａｎａ）的遗传多样性和种群结构。酶位点的多态位点百分比为５９．１％。种和种群水平上的遗传多样性比较高,分别为Ｈｅｓ＝０．２１０,Ｈｅｐ＝０．１９９;而种群的分化水平则相对较低（ＧＳＴ＝０．０７４）。１９个种群中随机交配的偏差为ＦＩＳ＝０．３３１。每代迁移数的间接估计     

兽类的死亡率

本文共收集了３３种兽类的年均死亡率数据。求得陆生兽类的死亡率和体重的回归模型为： Ｄｔ＝０．６９５－０．０９７３ｌｎ Ｗｔ（ｒ２＝０．８６５,ｐ＜０．００１） Ｄｈ＝０．７３２－０．１００ｌｎ Ｗｈ（ｒ２＝０．８９１,ｐ＜０．００１） Ｄｃ＝０．６１９－０．０９０８ｌｎ Ｗｃ（ｒ２＝０．８６９,ｐ＜０．００１）这里,Ｄｔ、Ｄｈ和 Ｄｃ分别为陆生兽类、食植兽类和食肉兽类的年均死亡率;Ｗｔ、Ｗｈ和 Ｗｃ则分别是它们的体重（公斤）。研究发现：陆生兽类的体重决定了年均死亡率８６％以上的变异：食肉兽类比同样体重的食植兽类的年均死亡率小;飞行兽类比同样体重的陆生兽类的年均死亡率小。兽类死亡率的这一变异规律被认为和能量限制有关。     

国产与法国Merieux产伤寒Vi多糖菌苗人体接种反应及血清抗体应答比较

作者对国产伤寒Ｖｉ多糖菌苗和法国Ｍｅｒｉｅｕｘ产伤寒Ｖｉ多糖菌苗人体接种反应及血清抗体应答情况进行比较,接种后６～８小时法国菌苗的体温反应同国产菌苗相比有显著性差异（ｘ２＝５．３４７,０．２５＞Ｐ＞０．０１）,２４小时后反应消失,免后一月国产菌苗和法国菌苗Ｖｉ抗体四倍增长率分别为９１．８０％和８９．６％（ｘ２＝０．１６４,Ｐ＞０．０５）,ＧＭＴ分别为３６．９４和３５．４９（ｔ＝０．６５３,Ｐ＞０．０５）,二者均无显著性差异。     

L-色氨酸生物合成的代谢流量分析

建立了谷氨酸棒杆菌合成L-色氨酸(L-Try)的代谢流量平衡模型,应用该模型计算出发酵中后期的代谢流分布并通过MATLAB软件线性规划得到Try理想代谢流分布。结果表明75．15％的碳架进入糖酵解,24．85％的碳架进入HMP途径;但与理想代谢流相比,应从遗传改造和发酵控制方面降低TCA循环的代谢流,减少副产氨基酸的生成,摸索最适的溶氧控制对提高Try产率至关重要。     

Biogenesis of indole compounds from D- and L-tryptophan in segments of etiolated seedlings of cabbage,maize and pea

The metabolism of D-and L-tryptophan-3-¹⁴C (Try-3-¹⁴C) was studied and compared for three different plant species, cabbage, maize and pea. Apical segments of the seedlings were incubated for 6 hours in solutions of L- or D-Try-3-¹⁴C (1·5 μc/ml) with the addition of chloramphenicol (10^?4g/ml) and then allowed to stand for another 20 hours in moist chambers. The methanolic extract of the tissues was analyzed radiochromatographically and by paper electrophoresis in combination with biological tests. Chloramphenicol in a concentration of 10^?4 g/ml had little influence on the growth of the segments, though the antibiotic slightly decreased the uptake of L-Try, it did not prevent the formation of IAA from L-Try. In the segments of cabbage the following metabolites were formed from L-Try-3-¹⁴C (accounting for 52% of the activity of the chromatographically separated extract): glucobrassicin (26·0%), neoglucobrassicin (3·6%), a spot corresponding according to its Rf to 3-indolylacetamide (IAAmide—10·9%), β-glucoside of 3-indolylacetic acid (IAGluc—3·3%) and traces of 3-indolylacetonitrile (IAN), IAA and indole-3-carboxylic acid (total 5%). In maize segments L-Try-3-¹⁴C (53·0%) was transformed to several unidentified hydrophilic substances, one of them possessing auxin activity (total amount 6·9%), IAGlue (9·3%) accompanied by a small amount of tryptamine, a spot corresponding according to its Rf to IAAmide (16·5%), IAA and another unidentified hydrophobic substance (4·1%). In pea segments L-Try-3-¹⁴C (66·7%) gave a zone corresponding according to its Rf to IAAmide (20·0%), a substance similar to IAGluc (10·5%) and also hydrophobic substances (3·1%) containing traces of IAA, which could be demonstrated only by bioassay. D-Try is metabolised in the three plants by the virtually exclusive formation of malonyltryptophan.     

The effect of amino acids on the excitability of identified autoactive giant neurons of Achatina fulica Férussac]

Effects of the following amino acids were examined on the electrical activity of the two giant neurones (PON and TAN) identified in the subesophageal ganglia of Achatina fulica Férussac : L-Asp, L-Thr, L-Ser, L-Glu, L-Pro, Gly, L-alpha-Ala, beta-Ala, L-cysteine, L-cystine, L-Val, L-Met, L-Ileu, L-Leu, L-Tyr, L-Phe, L-Lys, L-His, L-Arg, L-Cit, L-Try, GABA and GABOB. Among these substances, we observed an inhibitory effect of GABA and GABOB on the TAN excitability. GABA showed stronger effect on the TAN than GABOB. This effect of GABA was due to producing hyperpolarization on the TAN membrane. GABA showed a slight excitatory effect on the PON. The effect of GABOB on the PON was very weak and unstable.     

Circadian Variation in the Uptake of Tryptophan by Cortical Synaptosomes of the Rat Brain

The kinetics of the high affinity uptake system for L-tryptophan (L-Try)have been measured over 24 hr in cortical synaptosome preparations of rat brain. Both the K_m and V_max, of the uptake process showed a statistically significant 24 hr variation. The highest K_m value, 6.71 ± 10^-5 M, was measured at the beginning of the light phase and the lowest value, 4.23 ± 10^-5 M, 6 hr into the dark phase. V_max was highest at the end of the dark phase (10.43 nmol/mg/5 min) and lowest (4.80 nmol/mg/5 min) 3 hr into the dark phase. In contrast, there was no variation over 24 hr in the V_max/K_m ratio. These results suggest that the high affinity uptake process serves to ensure a constant rate of L-tryptophan entry into the neuron in the face of circadian or ultradian variations in extracellular concentration of tryptophan.     

细菌菌群传感效应信号分子高丝氨酸内酯平板分析法的优化

目的利用指示菌紫色杆菌CV026菌株,建立和优化稳定的细菌菌群传感效应信号分子高丝氨酸内酯平板分析方法。方法优化受测铜绿假单胞菌高丝氨酸内酯的提取方法,分析铜绿假单胞菌培养时间对信号分子检测的影响。另一方面,优化指示菌株CV026的培养基成分,并优化紫色菌素的提取方法,以完善信号分子的检测反应。结果恒温水浴挥发法可有效提取高丝氨酸内酯,并且发现当铜绿假单胞菌的培养时间为3d时,高丝氨酸内酯最易被检出。进一步,试验结果显示添加L-Try可提高指示菌株紫色菌素的产量,并利于高丝氨酸内酯的检测。此外,比较发现采用乙醇溶解紫色菌素的方法可更高效的测定紫色菌素的量。结论本课题建立的检测方法将更有效的检测细菌菌群传感系统信号分子高丝氨酸内酯,将有利于细菌菌群传感机制研究和抑制细菌菌群传感药物的开发工作。     

Influence of natural substances of phenolic character and diethyldithiocarbamate on the metabolism of L-tryptophan in cabbage,maize and pea

The effect of phenolic substances isolated earlier from cabbage, maize and pea on L-tryptophan-3-¹⁴C (L-Try-¹⁴C) metabolism in those plants was investigated. For the sake of comparison the effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA) on cabbage was also observed. A phenolic substance of unknown structure isolated from cabbage was utilised in a 0.5 mg/ml concentration, p-coumaric acid (PCA) from maize in 0.7 mg/ml concentration and quercetinglucosyl-coumarate (QGC) found in pea in 8 mg/ml concentration were used. The chosen concentrations were on the limit of their inhibitory effect on the growth of the respective plant apical segments. The effect of DIECA was investigated at 0.1 mg/ml concentration. Using non-labelled L-Try as substrate (5×10^?3 m) biological tests have shown that QGC and DIECA have a weaker but distinct effect on the increase in auxin level (+17% and +15%, respectively). All phenolic compounds, as well as DIECA increase the intake of L-Try-¹⁴C from the incubation solutions. Phenolic substances decrease the conversion of L-Try-¹⁴C to its metabolites. The changes were studied after a 20 hour period of L-Try-¹⁴C metabolism. On chromatograms changes in the proportion of L-Try-¹⁴C metabolites took place, especially in the areas of substances of complex character from which IAA splits off easily,i.e. in the areas of 3-indolylacetylglucose and 3-indolylacetamide. The radioactivity of these areas is generally decreased (e.g. the decrease of radioactivity in the 3-indolylacetylglucose area under the influence of the phenolic substance ofBrassica plants is ?7,4%, under the influence of PCA in maize it is ?8.9% and under the influence of QGC in pea it is ?17.1%). DIECA also decreased the radioactivity of this zone, by ?10,5%. In cabbage a large part of L-Try-¹⁴C was transformed to glucobrassicin; its biosynthesis increases in the presence of the phenolic substance of cabbage by +3%, in the presence of DIECA by +27%. The results are discussed in a working hypothesis based on the key formation of IAA, accompanied by its oxidation and detoxication.     

Influence of natural substances of phenolic character and diethyldithiocarbamate on the metabolism of L-tryptophan in cabbage,maize and pea

The effect of phenolic substances isolated earlier from cabbage, maize and pea on L-tryptophan-3-¹⁴G (L-Try-¹⁴C) metabolism in those plants was investigated. For the sake of comparison the effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA) on cabbage was also observed. A phenolic substance of unknown structure isolated from cabbage was utilised in a 0.5 mg/ml concentration, p-coumarie acid (PCA) from maize in 0.7 mg/ml concentration and quercetin-glucosyl-coumarate (QGC) found in pea in 8 mg/ml concentration were used. The chosen concentrations were on the limit of their inhibitory effect on the growth of the respective plant apical segments. The effect of DIECA was investigated at 0.1 mg/ml concentration. Using non-labelled L-Try as substrate (5 × 10^?3 M) biological tests have shown that QGC and DIECA have a weaker but distinct effect on the increase in auxin level (+ 17% and + 15%, respectively). All phenolic compounds, as well as DIECA increase the intake of L-Try-¹⁴C from the incubation solutions. Phenolic substances decrease the conversion of L-Try-¹⁴C to its metabolites. The changes were studied after a 20 hour period of L-Try-¹⁴C metabolism. On chromatograms changes in the proportion of L-Try-¹⁴C metabolites took place, especially in the areas of substances of complex character from which IAA splits off easily,i.e. in the areas of 3-indolylacetylglucose and 3-indolylaeetamide. The radioactivity of these areas is generally decreased (e.g. the decrease of radioactivity in the 3-indolylacetylglucose area under the influence of the phenolic substance ofBrassica plants is ?7,4%, under the influence of PCA in maize it is —8.9% and under the influence of QGC in pea it is ?17.1% DIECA also decreased the radioactivity of this zone, by ?10,5%. In cabbage a large part of L-Try-¹⁴C was transformed to glucobrassicin; its biosynthesis increases in the presence of the phenolic substance of cabbage by +3%, in the presence of DIECA by +27%. The results are discussed in a working hypothesis based on the key formation of IAA, accompanied by its oxidation and detoxication.     

Circadian Variation in the Uptake of Tryptophan by Cortical Synaptosomes of the Rat Brain

The kinetics of the high affinity uptake system for L-tryptophan (L-Try)have been measured over 24 hr in cortical synaptosome preparations of rat brain. Both the K_m and V_max, of the uptake process showed a statistically significant 24 hr variation. The highest K_m value, 6.71 ± 10^-5 M, was measured at the beginning of the light phase and the lowest value, 4.23 ± 10^-5 M, 6 hr into the dark phase. V_max was highest at the end of the dark phase (10.43 nmol/mg/5 min) and lowest (4.80 nmol/mg/5 min) 3 hr into the dark phase. In contrast, there was no variation over 24 hr in the V_max/K_m ratio. These results suggest that the high affinity uptake process serves to ensure a constant rate of L-tryptophan entry into the neuron in the face of circadian or ultradian variations in extracellular concentration of tryptophan.     

贵州马尾松内生真菌多样性

为探究贵州马尾松Pinus massoniana内生真菌的群落组成及多样性.本研究在不同季节,采用组织分离法对30年生健康马尾松的根、茎、叶进行内生真菌的分离,结合形态学和ITS序列进行菌株鉴定,并分析其多样性.结果表明:从1328块马尾松组织块中分离得到1099株内生真菌,其总定殖率为93.98％,总分离率为82.7...     

Single bout of vibration-induced hamstrings fatigue reduces quadriceps inhibition and coactivation of knee muscles after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction

Persistent quadriceps strength deficits in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) have been attributed to arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of vibration-induced hamstrings fatigue on AMI in patients with ACLr. Eight participants with unilateral ACLr (post-surgery time: M = 46.5, SD = 23.5 months; age: M = 21.4, SD = 1.4 years) and eight individuals with no previous history of knee injury (age: M = 22.5, SD = 2.5 years) were recruited. A fatigue protocol, consisting of 10 min of prolonged local hamstrings vibration, was applied to both the ACLr and control groups. The central activation ratio (CAR) of the quadriceps was measured with a superimposed burst of electrical stimulation, and hamstrings/quadriceps coactivation was assessed using electromyography (EMG) during isometric knee extension exercises, both before and after prolonged local vibration. For the ACLr group, the hamstrings strength, measured by a load cell on a purpose-built chair, was significantly (P = 0.016) reduced about 14.5%, indicating fatigue was actually induced in the hamstrings. At baseline, the ACLr group showed a trend (P = 0.051) toward a lower quadriceps CAR (M = 93.2%, SD = 6.2% versus M = 98.1%, SD = 1.1%) and significantly (P = 0.001) higher hamstrings/quadriceps coactivation (M = 15.1%, SD = 6.2% versus M = 7.5%, SD = 4.0%) during knee extension compared to the control group. The fatigue protocol significantly (P = 0.001) increased quadriceps CAR (from M = 93.2%, SD = 6.2% to M = 97.9%, SD = 2.8%) and significantly (P = 0.006) decreased hamstrings/quadriceps coactivation during knee extension (from M = 15.1%, SD = 6.2% to M = 9.5%, SD = 4.5%) in the ACLr group. In conclusion, vibration-induced hamstrings fatigue can alleviate AMI of the quadriceps in patients with ACLr. This finding has clinical implications in the management of recovery for ACLr patients with quadriceps strength deficits and dysfunction.