甘薯属植物过氧化物酶同工酶分析

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对23份甘薯属不同倍性材料进行过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱分析。初步结果表明,过氧化物酶同工酶酶带数目与材料倍性无明显相关性;二倍体或四倍体野生种的种间酶谱差异显著;六倍体野生种不同株系间以及六倍体栽培种甘薯的不同品种间酶谱差异较小;但栽培种甘薯与六倍体野生种I.trifida(6x)、四倍体野生种I.littoralis(4x)以及二倍体野生种I.trifida(2x)的酶谱有4条明显共同标记带,表明其间有一定亲缘关系。     

矮生型苹果苗的预选标志

用淀粉凝胶电泳,分析苹果实生苗新梢皮层的过氧化物酶同工酶,其酶9带(A_9)与苹果的矮生习性相关,且不受树龄、苹果类型以及栽培条件等影响。在矮生型苹果育种中,A_9可以作为预选标志,其准确率为86.14%。     

兔血清中过氧化物酶同工酶在兔分类中的研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（PAGE）对中国白兔、新西兰兔、獭兔血清中的过氧化物酶同工酶进行研究。研究结果表明：这三种兔在血清中的过氧化物酶有着明显的区别,可以利用过氧化物酶的区别对兔种进行分类鉴定。本方法可为过氧化物酶同工酶在动物分类鉴定中提供参考依据。     

木枣叶片再生植株及其变异系过氧化物酶同工酶分析

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了木枣叶片再生植株及其5种变异系过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶。结果表明：木枣叶片再生植株过氧化物酶同工酶由3个基因位点编码,位点1编码的是杂合三聚体酶,位点2和位点3编码的是纯合二聚体酶,其变异系中有不能表达位点2和位点3的植株,变异较大。也有完整表达3个基因位点的植株,且酶活性高。     

关于棉属四倍体种起源问题的过氧化物酶同工酶研究

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳和等电聚焦技术,对棉属(Gossypium)A基因组2个二倍体种、D基因组10个二倍体野生种和四倍体2(AD)基因组的3个种进行过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱分析。种间酶谱关系符合形态学,细胞学和遗传学的研究结果,但G.gossypioides,G.thurberi和G.trilobum的酶谱与D基因组其他种有较大差异却与A基因组相似。由二倍体种酶液组成的体外人工混合体与自然四倍体的比较分析表明,四倍体棉种G.darwinii,G.barbadense和G.hirsutum是A基因组和D基因组的异质组合,G.raimondii而不是G.thurberi或G.trilobum为四倍体种祖先基因组的最可能的D亚基因组供体。对过氧化物酶同工酶分析为棉属种间亲缘关系和四倍体起源的研究提供生化遗传依据的可行性进行了阐述。     

东半区野豌豆属植物过氧化物酶同工酶研究

采用过氧化物酶同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图谱作为遗传标记,结合形态学,细胞学及野外居群调查等工作,对东北地区野豌豆属植物进行深入研究,结果表明分子资料基本上同形态学、细胞学以得比较一致的结果,对一些在分类上有争议的类群提出了处理意见,并推测了该属内一些多倍体的起源方式。     

7个品种变叶木过氧化物酶同工酶分析

本试验对7个品种变叶木的形态特征进行比较,并利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对各品种过氧化物酶同工酶进行分析。结果表明,各品种的过氧化物酶同工酶谱不一;7个品种变叶木共有14条谱带,2号谱带最多为11条,5号谱带最少为6条;其谱带分为3个区(A=0~0.18,B=0.18~0.35,C=0.35~0.5);并对7个品种的亲缘关系进行聚类分析。     

东北地区野豌豆属植物过氧化物酶同工酶研究

采用过氧化物酶同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图谱作为遗传标记, 结合形态学、细胞学及野外居群调查等工作, 对东北地区野豌豆属植物进行深入研究。结果表明分子资料基本上同形态学、细胞学研究取得比较一致的结果。对一些在分类上有争议的类群提出了处理意见, 并推测了该属内一些多倍体的起源方式。     

LDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析植物过氧化物酶同工酶

以高粱和甘蓝型油菜叶片为材料,用十二烷基磺酸锂不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（LDS-PAGE）检测过氧化物酶同工酶的结果表明,LDS-PAGE的酶带条数比非变性不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（native PAGE）明显增加,分辨率大大提高,上样量少,胶片易保存;比复性电泳（G-PAGE）的步骤简单,电泳后无需除去LDS即可直接按常规活性染色方法染色。     

芒果属植物过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,测定了芒果属１７个种群近缘植物过氧化物酶同工酶,并根据酶谱分布及酶谱特征,结合不同的表现形式,分析了属内种间的亲缘关系。结果表明,异（同）地种间、不同器官酶谱数目、酶含量、迁移率（Ｒｆ）、酶活性及分布特征均有不同程度的差异,可以作为芒果属种间亲缘关系的生化遗传指标。     

[AAGG]异源四倍体新棉种的核型及同功酶分析

本文对山西农业大学棉花育种组创育的[AAGG]异源四倍体新棉种及其二倍体亲本亚洲棉(G．arboreum)、比克氏棉(G．bickii)进行了核型分析,并对[AG]异源二倍体和[AAGG]异源四倍体的过氧化物同功酶进行了分析。研究结果：异源四倍体[AAGG]的体细胞染色体数目为2n=4x=52,表现为双亲染色体数目之和,其核型公式为2n=4x=52=50m(6SAT) 2sm,按stebbins的核型分析原则,异源四倍体[AAGG]属1A型。过氧化物酶同功酶分析表明：[AG]棉种酶谱表现为双亲不完全互补型。并具有新式酶带。因此过氧化物酶同功酶可以作为鉴别远缘杂种的生物技术之一。     

Peroxidase Isozyme Study in the Interspecific Advanced Lines From Gossypium

By using thin-layer-isoelectrofocusing technique, the authors have been studied peroxidase isozymes activities of the true leaves (at the flower bud stage) and the anthers in the interspecific advanced lines (ALs) from Gossypiurn hirsuturn × G. arboreum, which have been steadily inherited from twenty generations. It was found that: 1. The peroxidase isozymes were similar in different varieties of plants from the same species, but some what different among species originated from the same genome group, and showed remarkably interspecific isozymes difference among species originated from different genome group. 2. The zymograms of the ALs were similar to those of the female parent G. hirsuturn "Keiyi 2”, and obviously different from those of the male parent G. arboreum "Wanzi”.     

The Resumption of Cambial Activity and the Change of Peroxidase Isozymes in Broussonetia papyrifera

Five Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. trees were selected in a natural stand located on the campus of Peking University, Beijing, China. The trees were ca. 5-6 years old, 3-4 m tall,and had diameters of about 3 cm measured 1.2 m above ground level. They were samplied at monthly intervals between January 28 and March 25, then at ten-day intervals between March 25 and May 20,1991. On each occasion, one 3-year-old shoot was cut from the tree. Two blocks (about 1 cm ×1 cm) contained peridern,phloem,cambium and wood with more than one annual ring were cut from every shoot,fixed in FAA,and then were prepared for anatomical studies. And on each occasion,7 layers of tissues (from periderm to mature xylem)were scraped off from the shoots and 100 mg of separate tissues were randomly extracted in 0.1 ml of 20% sucrose. The extracts were used for isoelectric-focusing in polyacrylamide gel slabs (85 mm × 60 mm × 1 mm). Benziding and odianisidine was used as substrate. After electrophoresis the gel slabs were placed in the substrate buffer until the isozyme bands were visible. Owing to the ring-porous structure of the wood of Broussonetia papyrifera, the cambial activity was comparable with that in the most ring-porous dicots. The cambium activity started about ten days before bud sprouting. On April 4,the dormant cambial zone consisted of ca. 4 cell layers. The trees did not sprout until April 16,but ca. 2 cell layers of immature xylem and phloem were formed concomitantly. Ten days later, 8-9 cell layers of xylem and ca. 5 cell layers of phloem were formed. The formation of immature phloem cells continued to increase slowly between April 4 and May 20, whereas that of immature xylem cells increased rapidly between April 4 and April 26,and then decreased between April 26 and May 20. It was suggested that differentiation of immature xylem into mature xylem lasted ca. 10 days,whereas that of immature phloem into mature one lasted ca. 20 days. There were totally 6 peroxidase isozyme bands in dormant cambial region and functional phloem. Variation of zymogram in cambial region occurred before cambial activity activated which is followed by more or less minor changes of bands in all other tissues. These indicated that several significant changes were related to the level of endogenous IAA and differentiation of vascular tissues.     

巴东木莲种子贮藏和萌发过程中同工酶分析

以贮藏和萌发过程中的巴东木莲种子为材料,采用非变性聚丙烯凝胶电泳技术分析其种子中淀粉酶(AMY)、酯酶(EST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶酶谱,并测定其酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和POD的活性,以探讨巴东木莲种子休眠和萌发过程中的生理生化变化特征.结果表明:巴东木莲种子在贮藏和萌发过程中,EST和SOD同工酶在萌发过程中表达增强,并不断有新酶的合成;AMY同工酶在萌发初期表达强度高且酶带数较多,到后期表达水平较低,其可能启动并控制种子萌发快慢;POD同工酶在萌发后期酶的活性增强,且酶的种类也增加,与EST和AMY同工酶的变化相适应.巴东木莲种子ACP和POD活性在储藏条件下以干藏种子最低,在萌发过程中总体上随发育进程呈升高的趋势,与同工酶电泳的结果吻合.因此,EST、AMY、SOD和POD同工酶酶谱变化及表达强弱可作为巴东木莲种子萌发各阶段转变的重要标志.     

胡葱与洋葱、葱过氧化物酶同工酶研究及聚类分析

本文对胡葱与洋葱、葱的功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶电泳图谱分析和聚类分析表明：这三个种及葱的3个交种闻的亲缘关系被区分开来;胡葱与洋葱的亲缘关系比胡葱与大葱的亲缘关系更近。     

Study on Peroxidase Isozymes in Citrus and Fortunella

The acidic peroxidase isozymes in petals of 106 Citrus and Fortunella species and cultivars were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results (Fig. 1; Tables 1 and 2) suggest that these isozymes be of the monomeric nature coded by a single locus. Five alleles were identified and designated as A, B, C, D and F respectively. No genetic difference in peroxidase isozymes was detected among the mandarins orignated from China, Japan and Indian. Man Ju may be a hybrid between Ponkan and Ougan. Ponkan may have not been involved in the origin of Jiao Gan. Zheng Jiang Jin Ju should be an infraspecific hybrid of C. reticulata. C. sinensis has a close relationship with some Chinese mandarins. Changshou Kumquat and Calamondin are shown to be intergeneric hybrids between Citrus andFortunella.     

Esterase Isozyme analyses of the Species and Their Varieties of the Genus Gossypium

The isozyme make up of esterases of the seeds from fifteen species and twenty-three cultivar of Gossypium was analyzed by isoelectrofocusing. The experimental results are summarized as follows: 1. Differeces were observed in the number of esterase isozyme bands among the species of different genome groups. The cultivated species, G. hirsutum (AD)1 gave rise to 46 isozyme bands, the most among the species of the genus Gossypium. G. barba- dense (AD)2, G. arboreum (A2) and G. herbaceum (A1) gave rise to 42, 40 and 38 bands, respectively. In wild species, G. australe (C3) had 20 esterase bands, the least in all species of Gossypium. The bands given rise from other wild species ranged from 26 to 40. 2. Each species of every genome groups had its marker bands. The results were in agreement with the traditional classification and provided some biochemical evidence for modern classification of Gossypium. 3. It was clear that all cotton species of different genome groups contain 5 main isozyme bands, viz. PI=3.85, 4.61, 5.48, 5.73 and 5.91 in the zymograms. In other words, these zymograms are common characters of Gossypium. 4. The esterase of 23 cultivers in four cultivated species studied showed that no variation in isozyme patterns existed within one species, except the disease-resistant variety Hea-7124 which differs from other 4 cultivars of G. barbadense.