中国原尾虫的研究——始蚖科的三新种及幼虫期的记述

本文记述始蚖科的三新种及各幼虫期的毛列和毛序的变化。这三个种分隶于富蚖属和康蚖属,此二属在我国尚无记载。模式标本保存于上海昆虫研究所。     

亚洲玉米螟蛹提取物对啮小蜂寄生行为的影响

在实验室条件下,啮小蜂Tetrastichus sp.能寄生亚洲玉米螟Ostrini of urnacalisGuenee和棉褐带卷蛾Adoxophyes orana Fischer Von Rosleeslanrm两种昆虫的蛹.但是,前者的寄生率明显高于后者.两种寄主蛹的三氯甲烷提取物均能诱导啮小蜂雌蜂加强搜索,滞留和敲打等行为.但亚洲玉米螟蛹提取物尚能诱导雌蜂刺探行为,棉褐带卷蛾提取物则没有这种行为反应.提供寄主前,啮小蜂先经受玉米螟蛹提取物刺激4小时,即可提高其对棉褐带卷蛾的寄生率.在产卵活动期间,持续存在提取物的刺激可以增强啮小蜂雌蜂的学习反应.     

苹果蠹蛾幼虫和蛹寄生蜂种类

本文记录了迄今已知的苹果蠹蛾幼虫和蛹寄生蜂43种及其分布,其中包括在中国新疆新发现的5种.     

中国原尾虫的研究:夕蚖属的二新种及其幼虫期的记述

1975年在青海省囊谦附近和1978年自陕西华山地区,各采到一批原尾虫标本,经过整理鉴定,发现其中有2种隶属于夕蚖属,且与欧洲和美洲产者均不相同,系两个新种,现分别描述于后:     

外睾吸虫幼虫期的早期发育及贝类宿主淋巴细胞的反应

日本血吸虫病的媒介钉螺也是外睾吸虫的中间宿主。本文报告外睾吸虫早期幼虫在钉螺及窄口螺的寄特发育形式及贝类宿主的反应情况。贝类宿主吞食外睾吸虫虫卵后１２天,毛蚴体体中的胚细胞已穿过宿主胃肠壁分散在其外围组织中。螺体在其头颈部产生大量血淋巴细胞并下行到内脏团包围虫体的胚细胞。生存的虫体胚细胞分散地通过宿主循环系统被送到消化腺及生殖腺的间隙中发育成早期雷蚴胚球。在雷蚴胚球周围尚有开始消退的宿主血淋巴细胞     

SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION OF CODLING MOTHS EXPOSED TO 33° DURING LARVAL AND PUPAL DEVELOPMENT

Most adult male codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.), were sterile when they were transferred from 26° to 33°C at various larval stages. Exposures to 33° increased mortality (on average by 26.5%) and resulted in 48.5% and 30.7% fewer matings by treated males and females, respectively.

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Zusammenfassung Wenn Raupen des Apfelwicklers, Cydia pomonella (L), in verschiedenen Zeitpunkten von 26° zu 33° gebracht wurden, waren die meisten Falter steril.Zudem erhöhte die Zuchttemperatur 33° die Mortalität (Erhöhung um durchschnittlich 26,5% gegenüber unbehandelt) und reduzierte die Kopulationen der behandelten Männchen um 48,5% und der behandelten Weibchen um 30,7%.

     

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL LIGHTING ON THE GROWTH AND PROMETAMORPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL RANA PIPIENS

This study was designed to investigate whether the larval development of an anuran amphibian could be modified by raising the animals in continuous light or darkness instead of under conditions of diurnal illumination, and to quantify the effects of these treatments at various intervals during this period of development.
Larvae of the frog, Rana pipiens , were raised through metamorphosis under conditions of constant light, constant darkness, or diurnal lighting. As measured by stages of development, body weight, tail length and body length at 20-day intervals, no significant differences in growth rate or metamorphic change were observed until near the middle of the prometamorphic period, which began at approximately the 50th day of development. After midmetamorphosis, a significant acceleration in the measured parameters was seen for the animals raised in conditions of constant light in comparison with those in constant darkness. Those with diurnal lighting were intermediate.
These results suggested that light, or its absence, can respectively stimulate or retard amphibian metamorphosis in late larval stages after the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid axis has matured. Neither continuous light nor continuous darkness during larval development prevented the transformation from tadpole to frog.     

加州鲈鱼仔幼鱼口器结构与食性的研究

加州鲈鱼,又名大嘴黑鲈(Micropterus salmonoides)。隶属于鲈形目(Perciformes),太阳鱼科(Centrarchidae)。原产于美国密西西比河水系,现广泛分布于欧美等地。它为肉食性凶猛鱼类,肉质鲜美;且具有生长快、耐低温、抗病力强和易捕捞等优点。1983年我国深圳首次引进此种鱼类,此后在各地逐步推广养殖。有关加州鲈鱼的生长、生态及生理等方面的研究,国内外已有不少报道,但有关仔幼鱼口器结构及食性方面的研究不多,仅见Parmley,D.等研究该属佛罗里达黑鲈仔幼鱼食性的报道。为更好地促进其苗种培育,作者于1991年4—5月进行了有关的观察,现报道如下。     

THE INFLUENCE OF NOSEMA APIS ON THE LARVAL HONEYBEE

In experiments on the infection of bee larvae with Nosema apis , the parasitic spores did not germinate and infected adults did not result. In hives of bees infected with N. apis about 10–20% of the eggs laid did not complete their development probably because of inadequate care and feeding.