稀土抗菌效应及应用的研究进展

稀土元素具有多种生物效应, 除了对农作物的增产作用外, 在医药方面还具有抗菌的作用, 近年来, 不少学者针对稀土元素的抗菌效应展开了相关的研究。本文介绍了稀土在抗菌领域的研究及应用, 包括稀土化合物对微生物生长的Hormesis效应、稀土化合物与抗生素的协同作用、稀土配合物的合成、以及稀土在抗菌材料上的应用等几个方面的内容, 并对稀土化合物及其配合物的抗菌机理进行了探讨, 最后, 展望了稀土化合物及配合物在抗菌领域的应用前景及研究重要性。     

稀土发光材料在荧光成像中的应用

稀土发光材料由于具有荧光寿命长、发射峰半峰宽窄和Stokes位移大等发光性质,在生命科学研究的各个领域,包括荧光免疫分析、离子识别、蛋白质活性测定、核酸检测等,有着广泛而重要的应用前景.本文以稀土配合物、稀土掺杂上转换材料和长余辉材料为代表,就当前稀土发光材料的发光性质及其在生物成像标记方面的研究做一综述,并对稀土发光...     

稀土卟啉近红外发光配合物在生命科学领域中的应用研究进展

稀土近红外发光材料具有独特的光物理性质,如发光谱带窄、较大的Stock位移、荧光寿命长可达毫秒级等,在医学诊断和成像、免疫分析等热门领域具有重大的应用前景。但由于跃迁选择定则,稀土离子本身的吸收系数较小,需要用特定的生色团对其进行敏化,以增强其发光性能。在众多生色团中,卟啉化合物由于其激发态能级与近红外发光的稀土离子能级较为匹配,可以较好的敏化稀土离子,获得较高的近红外发光效率,因此,近年来受到了极大的关注。本文总结了近年来近红外发光卟啉稀土配合物在生命科学领域中的应用研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

稀土-落叶松单宁配合物的合成及抗真菌活性研究

以稀土(Re~(3+))和落叶松单宁(LT)为原料,采用液相合成法合成了5种廉价的稀土-落叶松单宁(Re~(3+)-LT)配合物,并通过红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、紫外光谱以及配位数测定确定了配合物的结构.采用牛津杯法、琼脂稀释法测定配合物对黑曲霉、红曲霉、白腐菌、毛霉4种真菌的抑制作用.在抑菌方面,5种配合物对上述4种真菌均具有较强的抑制作用,其抑菌活性大小顺序为Ce~(3+)-LTGd~(3+)-LTLa~(3+)-LTNd~(3+)-LTYb~(3+)-LT,其中Ce~(3+)-LT对4种真菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为:1.6、1.6、0.8和1.6 g·L~(-1);Yb~(3+)-LT对4种真菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为:3.2、1.6、3.2和3.2 g·L~(-1).在杀菌方面,Yb~(3+)-LT的杀菌活性最强,其对4种真菌的最小杀菌浓度分别为:6.4、3.2、3.2和6.4 g·L~(-1).此外,尽管Nd~(3+)-LT和Gd~(3+)-LT具有较强的抑菌活性,但对黑曲霉和毛霉的杀菌作用较弱.     

桂皮酸-8-羟基喹啉稀土配合物的合成、抑菌活性及其对DNA的作用

以稀土离子为模板,用桂皮酸、8-羟基喹啉为原料,在乙醇溶液中首次合成了两种稀土三元配合物,采用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、紫外光谱和荧光光谱进行表征,并研究了配合物对常见细菌大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性以及与DNA的相互作用.结果表明:配合物的抑菌活性较配体和稀土离子均有提高,能使细胞正常的DNA复制生理功能受到影响.     

稀土Ho-吲哚-3-乙酸配合物的合成及其生物活性的研究

以吲哚-3-乙酸为配体,合成了稀土钬的配合物。利用元素分析、红外光谱(IR)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTG)和荧光光谱(FS)等分析手段对配合物的组成和光学等性质进行了分析与表征,推测配合物的通式为Ho(L)3.2H2O;通过对荧光光谱的研究表明,稀土钬配合物具有较好的荧光性能;通过对其生物活性的表征说明吲哚乙酸与稀土硝酸盐在形成稀土配合物后,对植物的生长起到了协同促进作用。     

类卟啉稀土配合物对于小鼠腹水肝癌细胞光敏损伤的研究

研究了类卟啉稀土配合物（以下简称ＰＬＭ－Ｇｄ－Ａ）对小鼠腹水肝癌细胞（ＡＨ）的光敏作用及ＡＨ细胞对ＰＬＭ－Ｇｄ－Ａ的摄取表明：ＰＬＭ－Ｇｄ－Ａ被ＡＨ细胞摄取的速度快,用ＭＴＴ方法测定了细胞光敏存活曲线,杀伤细胞的能力与光照时间和光照强度以及ＰＬＭ－Ｇｄ的浓度密切相关,用ＦＡＤＵ方法和电镜观察结果证明：该光敏损伤细胞的靶主要是在细胞核;对于不同稀土离子配合物光敏能力比较表明：Ｇｄ＞Ｅｕ＞Ｓｍ;造成细     

近红外发光卟啉镱-铂配合物的合成及其光物理性质研究

稀土发光材料相比于传统有机荧光染料在生物成像、分子检测和传感等领域具有独特的优势。目前,稀土发光生物探针主要以可见光发射为主,此类探针受限于组织穿透深度,应用范围较窄。具有较大组织穿透能力的近红外(NIR)稀土发光生物探针,由于其发光效率较低而少有报到。本工作合成了一种新型近红外发光的卟啉镱-铂配合物,TFPYb-Pt,表征并测试了该配合物的光物理性质。实验证实TFPYb-Pt具有较大的NIR发光效率(980/1 030 nm,Фem=0.37)和较长的NIR发光寿命(τ=49μs),表明该配合物可望被用于开发新型生物NIR发光探针。     

DL-α-白氨酸与稀土硝酸盐固体配合物的合成及性质

用白氨酸分别和三种稀土硝酸盐在有机溶剂中首次合成了三种相应的1:2型固体配合物,经化学分析和元素分析确定了其组成为RE(Leu)_2(NO_3)_3·2H_2O(RE=Ce,Nd,Sm;Leu=DL-α-Leucine)。并通过X—粉晶衍射、红外光谱、TG—DTG和电导等对其性质进行了讨论。     

稀土甘氨酸配合物对微生物作用初探

本文用7种稀土甘氨酸配合物在实验室对微生物的作用进行了试验。通过杯碟法测定抑菌圈,用活菌平板计数法进行菌落计数,其结果是这7种稀土甘氨酸配合物对细菌均表现出抑制作用,对霉菌不起抑制作用。     

稀土元素的生物安全性探讨

采用微核检测、单细胞凝胶电泳、同工酶等技术研究了稀土元素遗传毒理效应的有关结果。大量试验表明,稀土元素断裂DNA的能力,因而在一定浓度范围内,稀土元素确有致突变性。稀土元素在土壤中可专性吸附、不可降解,在动植物和人体皆有累积效应,因此稀土元素的生物安全性值得深入探讨。     

Converting weak binders into infinite binders

Monoclonal antibody 2D12.5 binds DOTA chelates of all the rare earths with K(d) approximately 10(-)(8) M, making it useful for the capture of probe molecules with a variety of properties. To make 2D12.5 even more useful for biological applications, we have engineered a single cysteine residue at position 54 of the heavy chain, a site proximal to the protein's binding site, so that weakly electrophilic metal complexes of (S)-2-(4-acrylamidobenzyl)-DOTA (AABD) may bind and form permanent linkages. At 37 degrees C, pH 7.5, all of the rare earth-AABD complexes bind permanently to the 2D12.5 G54C mutant within 5 min, in yields that correlate with their relative binding affinities. Surprisingly, indium-AABD also binds permanently in >50% yield within 5 min, despite the fact that changing the metal to indium reduces the affinity approximately 100x; even copper-AABD, which has approximately 10 000x lower binding affinity than the rare earths, binds permanently in >70% yield within 2 h. However, acrylamido compounds with no measurable affinity do not bind permanently. The important practical implication is that the G54C mutant of 2D12.5 may be used for applications that include not only the rare earths, but also an unexpected range of other elements as well. This infinite binding system can exhibit selective and permanent attachment with a remarkable range of structurally related ligands, albeit at slower rates as affinities decrease.     

土壤-植物系统中稀土元素与氮磷养分的交互作用

土壤－植物系统中稀土元素与N,P养分交互作用属农田稀土安全性评价研究的前沿,土壤中稀土元素与N,P交互作用直接关系到稀土对农田土壤生产力的影响以及稀土对农作物的增产机理和生态环境安全性的评价,就土壤－植物系统中有关稀土元素与N,P交互作用的研究作简要综述,提出今后应加强作物根际,农田土壤表层以及植物体内稀土与N,P养分之间交互作用的研究。     

Decomposition of grass litters in three kinds of soil

Summary At altitudes between 300 ft and more than 1,000 ft in Northern England the decomposition of white clover, ryegrass and Nardus litters was strongest in brown earths with mull. It was much weaker in brown earths with mor and weakest of all in gley soils. Decomposition also varied with the fibrosity of the litters and their method of placement, activity of the soil populations and pH.     

Recent chinese research on analytical chemistry of the rare earths

The People's Republic of China has the world's largest reserves of rare earths. Recently, the rare earths have been found various applications in different fields of science and technology. The extensive research on analytical chemistry of rare earths has been made by Chinese analysts. The third Chinese Conference on the Analytical Chemistry of Rare Earths was held in 1982. A 2 volume treatise entitled “Analytical Chemistry of the Rare Earths” has been written by Cheng Jai-kai, Tseng Yung-ao, Luo Quing-yaoet al. [1]. The following is a short review of Chinese progress in analytical chemistry of the rare earths. Only developments of the past five years (1978–1983) will be described.     

Application of rare-earth elements as labels in studying biologically active compounds. III. Natural and magnetic circular dichroism of complexes of rare-earth elements with pyridoxalidene amino acid complexes]

Circular dichroism of pyrodoxalidenaminoacid complexes with rare earths and other metals and magnetic circular dichroism of several neodimium complexes are investigated. CD spectra of the complexes of the rare earths with azometines made of different amino acids could be classified into four groups. Some of the CD spectra are shown to be individual. The dependence of the CD spectra on the rare earch ion dimension is considered. Coordination of the rare earth ions is shown to be the same as in the case of zinc, cobalt, iron or copper.     

Assessment of significance of features acquired from thyroid ultrasonograms in Hashimoto's disease

Background

Most studies on biodegradable magnesium implants published recently use magnesium-calcium-alloys or magnesium-aluminum-rare earth-alloys. However, since rare earths are a mixture of elements and their toxicity is unclear, a reduced content of rare earths is favorable. The present study assesses the in vivo biocompatibility of two new magnesium alloys which have a reduced content (ZEK100) or contain no rare earths at all (AX30).

Methods

24 rabbits were randomized into 4 groups (AX30 or ZEK100, 3 or 6 months, respectively) and cylindrical pins were inserted in their tibiae. To assess the biodegradation ??CT scans and histological examinations were performed.

Results

The ??CT scans showed that until month three ZEK100 degrades faster than AX30, but this difference is leveled out after 6 months. Histology revealed that both materials induce adverse host reactions and high numbers of osteoclasts in the recipient bone. The mineral apposition rates of both materials groups were high.

Conclusions

Both alloys display favorable degradation characteristics, but they induce adverse host reactions, namely an osteoclast-driven resorption of bone and a subsequent periosteal formation of new bone. Therefore, the biocompatibility of ZEK100 and AX30 is questionable and further studies, which should focus on the interactions on cellular level, are needed.     

Element-coded affinity tags for peptides and proteins

Isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT) represent an important new tool for the analysis of complex mixtures of proteins in living systems [Aebersold, R., and Mann, M. (2003) Nature, 422, 198-207]. We envisage an alternative protein-labeling technique based on tagging with different element-coded metal chelates, which affords affinity chromatography, quantification, and identification of a tagged peptide from a complex mixture. As proof of concept, a synthetic peptide was modified at a cysteine side chain with either a carboxymethyl group or acetamidobenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N' ',N' "-tetraacetic acid (AcBD) chelates of terbium or yttrium. A mixture of the three modified peptides in a mole ratio of 100:1.0:0.83 carboxymethyl:AcBD-Tb:AcBD-Y was trypsinized, purified on a new affinity column that binds rare-earth DOTA chelates, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Chelate-tagged tryptic peptides eluted cleanly from the affinity column; the tagged peptides chromatographically coeluted during LC-MS analysis, were present in the expected ratio as indicated by MS ion intensity, and were sequence-identified by tandem mass spectrometry. DOTA-rare earth chelates have exceptional properties for use as affinity tags. They are highly polar and water-soluble. Many of the rare earth elements are naturally monoisotopic, providing a variety of simple choices for preparing mass tags. Further, the rare earths are heavy elements, whose mass defects give the masses of tagged peptides exact values not normally shared by molecules that contain only light elements.     

Stimulation of proliferation ofTetrahymena pyriformis by trace rare earths

Using two Chinese strains ofTetrahymena pyriformis, S1 and BJ4, as the biological models, the effects of lighter rare earths (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, and europium), representatives of heavier rare earths (yttrium and thulium), and mixed rare earths were studied. The stimulation of population growth ofTetrahymena in peptone-glucose media containing trace amounts of these elements have been observed. The mechanisms for the beneficial effects of rare earth elements in low concentrations remains to be discovered.