Lyngbya irregularis nova spec.,Oscillatoria lutescens nova spec. undPseudospirulina amoena nov. gen., nova spec., drei neue hormogonale Blaualgen

Ohne ZusammenfassungHerrn Doz. Dr. habil. W.Krenkel sagen wir unseren besten Dank für die Anfertigung der lateinischen Diagnosen.     

Botryozyma nematodophila gen. nov., spec. nov. (Candidaceae)

The new genusBotryozyma with a single species,B. nematodophila is proposed for two isolates from nematodes (Panagrellus zymosiphilus) occurring in grapes with sour-rot. The new genus has typical ascomycetous characteristics and, being unable to produce ascospores, is placed in the family Candidaceae.     

Methanocorpusculaceae fam. nov., represented by Methanocorpusculum parvum,Methanocorpusculum sinense spec. nov. and Methanocorpusculum bavaricum spec. nov.

Two new methanogenic bacteria, Methanocorpusculum sinense spec. nov. strain DSM 4274 from a pilot plant for treatment of distillery wastewater in Chengdu (Province Sichuan, China), and Methanocorpusculum bavaricum spec. nov. strain DSM 4179, from a wastewater pond of the sugar factory in Regensburg (Bavaria, FRG) are described. Methanocorpusculum strains are weakly motile and form irregularly coccoid cells, about 1 μm in diameter. The cell envelope consists of a cytoplasmic membrane and a S-layer, composed of hexagonally arranged glycoprotein subunits with molecular weights of 90000 (Methanocorpusculum parvum), 92000 (M. sinense), and 94000 (M. bavaricum). The center-to-center spacings are 14.3 nm, 15.8 nm and 16.0 nm, respectively. Optimal growth of strains is obtained in the mesophilic temperature range and at a pH around 7. Methane is produced from H₂/CO₂, formate, 2-propanol/CO₂ and 2-butanol/CO₂ by M. parvum and M. bavaricum, whereas M. sinense can only utilize H₂/CO₂ and formate. Growth of M. sinense and M. bavaricum is dependent on the presence of clarified rumen fluid. The G+C content of the DNA of the three strains is ranging from 47.7–53.6 mol% as determined by different methods. A similar, but distinct polar lipid pattern indicates a close relationship between the three Methanocorpusculum species. The polyamine patterns of M. parvum, M. sinense and M. bavaricum are similar, but distinct from those of other methanogens and are characterized by a high concentration of the otherwise rare 1,3-diaminopropane. Quantitative comparison of the antigenic fingerprint of members of Methanocorpusculum revealed no antigenic relationship with any one of the reference methanogens tested. On the basis of the distant phylogenetic position of M. parvum and the data presented in this paper a new family, the Methanocorpusculaceae fam. nov., is defined.     

Chlorobium phaeobacteroides nov. spec. und C. phaeovibrioides nov. spec., zwei neue Arten der grünen Schwefelbakterien

Summary Two new species are described which comprise of the brown-colored rod-shaped and vibrio-shaped forms of the phototrophic green sulfur bacteria. In nature they occur at greater depths in lakes and ponds than the green-colored forms.

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Herrn Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. A. Rippel-Baldes zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Tenuignathia rikerae nov. gen., nov. spec., a New Gnathostomulid from the West Atlantic

A further paper dealing with West Atlantic Gnathostomulida presents the new monotypic genus Tenuignathia. The presence of a full sensorium and a cuticular bursa place the new genus within the order Bursovaginoidea, sub-order Scleroperalia; the simple jaws and pharynx, the bipartite ciliary pits as well as epithelial characters clearly suggest inclusion in the family Mesognathariidae. Found in Florida, North Carolina and Bermuda so far, Tenuignathia displays an unusually wide range of jaw length even within a narrow geographic range, which will be the subject of a separate study.     

Alkalispirillum mobile gen. nov., spec. nov., an alkaliphilic non-phototrophic member of the Ectothiorhodospiraceae

From cultures of the anoxygenic phototroph Halorhodospira halophila SL-1, an aerobic, gram-negative spirillum was isolated. This moderately halophilic, alkaliphilic bacterium was motile by means of a single polar flagellum. It is described here as Alkalispirillum mobile gen. nov., spec. nov. Phylogenetic analysis of the Alkalispirillum mobile 16S rRNA gene led to its classification in the gamma-subclass of the Proteobacteria, as it appears closely related to phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria of the genera Ectothiorhodospira and Halorhodospira. Surprisingly, A. mobile is an obligate aerobe. The organism grows optimally with a number of carboxylic acids (such as sodium acetate) as carbon source, at 2% (i.e. approximately 0.34 M) sodium chloride, at pH 9-10, and at temperatures ranging from 35 to 38 degrees C. The dominant cellular fatty acids of Alkalispirillum mobile are C12:0, C16:0, C18:1cis11, and C18:0; its G+C content is 66.2+/-0.5 mol%.     

Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus gen. nov., spec. nov., a new,extreme thermophilic,anaerobic bacterium

Two strains, JW 200 and JW 201, of an extreme thermophilic, non-spore-forming anaerobic bacterium were isolated from alkaline and slightly acidic hot springs located in Yellowstone National Park. Both strains were peritrichously flagellated rods. Cell size varied from 0.5–0.8 by 4–100 m; coccoid-shaped cells of about 1 m in diameter frequently occurred. Division was often unequal. Spheroplast-like forms were visible at the late logarithmic growth phase. The Gram reaction was variable. The DNA base composition of the two strains was between 37 and 39 mol% guanine plus cytosine as determined by buoyant density measurements and approximately 32% by the thermal denaturation method. The main fermentation products from hexoses were ethanol and CO₂. Growth occurred between 37 and 78°C and from pH 4.4 to 9.8. The name Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus gen. nov., spec. nov. was proposed for the two, new isolates. Strain JW 200 was designated as the type strain.A preliminary account of this work was presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Los Angeles, CA, 1979 (J. Wiegel and L. G. Ljungdahl, Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol., 1979, 163, p. 105) and at the 27th IUPAC Congress Helsinki, 1979 (L. G. Ljungdahl and J. Wiegel, Abstracts p. 546)     

Sporobolomyces marcillae nov. spec., isolated from the air

Summary A new Sporobolomyces species has been isolated from the air. Its characteristic features are: nitrate not utilized, glucose only assimilated, a true mycelium produced.     

Rhodospira trueperi gen. nov., spec. nov., a new phototrophic Proteobacterium of the alpha group

A new phototrophic purple bacterium was isolated from a flat, laminated microbial mat in a salt marsh near Woods Hole, Mass., USA. The spiral-shaped bacterium was highly motile and had bipolar tufts of flagella and intracytoplasmic membranes of the vesicular type. The major photosynthetic pigments were identified as the carotenoid tetrahydrospirilloxanthin and bacteriochlorophyll b. The long wavelength in vivo absorption maximum of the bacteriochlorophyll was at 986 nm. The marine bacterium showed optimal growth in the presence of 2% NaCl. It utilized a number of organic substrates as carbon and energy sources and required vitamins and sulfide as a reduced sulfur source for growth. In the presence of sulfide, elemental sulfur globules were formed outside the cells. Elemental sulfur was not further oxidized to sulfate. The new isolate had a unique lipid and fatty acid composition, and according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence, it is most similar to Rhodospirillum rubrum. It is described as a new species and assigned to a new genus with the proposed name Rhodospira trueperi. Received: 16 September 1996 / Accepted: 24 January 1997     

Ochrosphaera neapolitana,nov. gen., nov. spec., eine neue Chrysomonade mit Kalkhülle

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Asperula ophiolithica Ehrend., spec. nov., ein Endemit der Insel Euboea

The new species is an endemic on serpentine soils of the W. Aegean island of Euboea. Its closest affinities are withAsperula tenuifolia andA. stricta in Anatolia, all in sect.Cynanchicae.     

Cololejeunea schaeferi spec. nov., ein verkanntes Lebermoos in Makaronesien

Abstract

Cololejeunea (subg. Cololejeunea) schaeferi n. sp. is described and figured from the Canaries. Somewhat deviating plants from Madeira are included. A key to the species of subgenus Cololejeunea in Europe arid Macaronesia is given. All records of C. calcarea (Libert) Schiffn. and C. rossettiana (Mass.) Schiffn. from Macaronesia are rejected.     

Pleospora drummondii spec. nov. und ihr Anamorph Stemphylium drummondii spec. nov.

Pleospora drammondii spec. nov. and its anamorph Stemphylium drammondii spec. nov. The causal organism of a leaf spot disease on Phlox drummondii is described as Pleospora drummondii spec. nov. and its anamorph Stempbylium drummondii spec, nov. — in contrast to earlier reports from the USA, in which the fungus was identified as S. botryosum.     

Life cycle ofSchizochytriodinium calani nov. gen. nov. spec., a dinoflagellate parasitizing copepod eggs

During the Polarstern-cruise ARK IV/2 June 1987, in the Fram Strait, dinophytes parasitizing copepod eggs were observed. In the laboratory on board, vegetative reproduction was documented and re-infection ofCalanus glacialis andC. hyperboreus eggs was experimentally established. During food uptake, a primary cyst produces successively several secondary cysts, all separating immediately after formation from the primary cyst. In every one of these free floating secondary cysts up to 256 dinospores are formed by palintomy. Re-infection only occurred after a “maturation time” of at least 2 days after formation of the dinospores. The life cycle is compared to that of other similar parasitic dinophyte genera:Apodinium Chatton,Chytriodinium Chatton,Dissodinium Klebs in Pascher andMyxodinium Cachon, Cachon & Bouquaheux. As the taxon under discussion does not fit in with any species or genus known so far, it is described asSchizochytriodinium calani nov. gen. nov. spec. Dedicated to Dr. Dr. h. c. P. Kornmann on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Mitglied der Taxonomischen Arbeitsgruppe an der BAH.     

Aplanochytrium kerguelensis gen. nov. spec. nov., a new phycomycete from subantarctic marine waters

Summary A new monocentric marine fungus,Aplanochytrium kerguelensis gen. nov. spec. nov., was recovered from water samples taken in the vicinity of the Kerguelen Islands in the South Indian Ocean during a cruise of the research vessel USNS Eltanin.Aplanochytrium is very similar toThraustochytrium Sparrow (1936) in having a chytrid-like thallus and in being able to utilize pine pollen as a substrate to which it establishes contact by well-developed rhizoids. At maturity, however, only aplanospores are formed, as inDermocystidium sensu Goldstein and Moriber (1966).