汉族湘语族群的7项不对称行为特征

在湖南省娄底地区调查了汉族湘语族群507例(男269例、女238例)高中学生的7项不对称行为特征(扣手、利手、叠臂、叠腿、利足、起步类型和优势眼)。研究结果显示:1)湘语族群叠臂与起步类型L型率高于R型率, 其余5项均R型率高于L型率。2)湘语族群利手、叠臂、利足出现率存在性别间差异, 其余4项出现率均不存在性别间差异。3)在已发表的资料中, 湘语族群扣手和起步类型右型率中等偏高, 利手右型率处于中等水平, 叠臂和叠腿右型率低,利足和优势眼右型率高。4)主成分分析结果显示, 汉族各族群不对称行为特征有一定的共性, 相对接近于中国北亚类型族群, 而与南亚类型族群差距较大。中国族群间不对称行为特征的差异, 主要反映在叠臂率差异、利足率差异。     

屯堡人7项不对称行为特征

在贵州省安顺市对359例屯堡人(男145例,女214例)中学生的7项不对称行为特征(扣手、利手、叠臂、叠腿、利足、起步类型和优势眼)进行了调查。研究结果显示:1)屯堡人除叠臂左型率高于右型率外,其他6项不对称行为特征均为右型率高于左型率;2)屯堡人7项不对称行为特征的出现率均无性别差异;3)与其他族群比较,屯堡人利足右型率和叠臂右型率中等,叠腿右型率和扣手右型率高;4)屯堡人两两不对称行为中,扣手与利手、扣手与叠臂、扣手与叠腿、叠腿与起步相关,利手、利足、起步三种行为彼此相关。     

河南汉族7项不对称行为特征的研究

对南阳市祖籍河南汉族400例正常人7项不对称行为进行调查.结果:1)河南汉族扣手、利手、叠臂、叠腿、利足、起步类型和优势眼的右型率分别为:71.25％、93.00％、43.50％、82.00％、91.25％、62.25％、63.25％.除叠腿外其他6种不对称行为的出现率男女性别间均无统计学差异;2)与国内其他族群比较,河南汉族扣手、叠腿、起步类型右型率处于较高水平,利手、利足、优势眼右型率处于中等水平,叠臂右型率处于中等偏下水平;3)利手、利足、扣手两两性状间,利手与叠腿、利足与优势眼性状间具有相关性,右型-右型率显著高于左型-左型率.     

中国木雅人、尔苏人、八甲人与空格人6项不对称行为的特征

对四川、云南尔苏人、木雅人、空格人、八甲人4个族群进行了6项不对称行为特征(扣手、利手、叠臂、利足、叠腿、起步)的调查,结果显示:1)4个族群中,仅尔苏人、木雅人、八甲人叠臂以L型出现率偏高以外,其余不对称行为特征均为R型出现率较高;2)4个族群6项不对称行为特征均不存在性别间差异,但木雅人、尔苏人与八甲人在扣手这一不对称行为特征上存在族群间差异,木雅人与空格人在叠臂这一不对称行为特征上存在族群间差异;3)统计分析了6项不对称行为特征之间的相关性,仅八甲人多数不对称行为特征之间存在相关性。     

兴安盟3个民族7种不对称行为特征的研究

于1998年9月对内蒙古兴安盟的汉、蒙古、朝鲜族调查了1852例（男875例,女977例）中学生的7种不对称行为特征（利手、扣手、叠臂、叠腿、起步类型、利足、利眼）。结果显示：（1）3个民族中多数不对称行为特征的右型出现率过半。（2）扣手、叠壁、起步类型的出现率存在一定的民族间差异,而其它4种行征的出现率无此差异。（3）多数特征的出现率男女间差异不显著。（4）不对称行为特征间具有相关的数量较多,程序较高,所有存在相关的特征间均表现为同侧组合特征类型为其亲合特征。     

鄂伦春、鄂温克、达斡尔族一侧优势功能特征研究

报道了鄂伦春、鄂温克、达斡尔族7项一侧优势功能特征(扣手、利手、叠臂、叠腿、起步类型、优势足、优势眼)。结果显示,3个民族7项特征的左右型分布规律有较多的相似之处,绝大多数特征与性别无关。鄂温克族和达斡尔族的利手与叠腿、优势足、起步类型间均具明显关联,其腿足特征间的相关程度亦优于手臂特征。鄂伦春族则不然。 Abstract:Authors reported 7 traits of lateral functional dominance including hand clasping,handedness,arm folding,leg folding,stride type,foot preference and eye preference in Oroqen,Ewenki and Daur nationalities.The results showed as follws;(1)Among three nationalities their left and right distributive patterns of the traits had many similarities and there was no relation between most traits and sexes.(2)There were obvious corelations between handedness and leg folding,handedness and foot preference,handedness and stride type in Eweike and Daur nationalities.Compared with the traits of leg-foot with interrelation,the traits of hand-arm had little degree on correlation in Ewenki and Daur.(3)There was correlation between eye preference and hand clasping but no relation between handedness and hand clasping.     

贵州习水苗族体部遗传学特征研究

调查分析贵州习水红苗体部遗传学特征研究,为进一步了解贵州习水红苗体部特征研究提供参考资料,以贵州省习水县苗族357例(男173,女184)为研究对象,对14项体部特征进行活体观察。习水苗族H型拇指的百分率为51.8%,R型环食指长为87.4%,惯用手和扣手均以R型为主,分别为87.7%、55.7%,交叉臂以L型为主的百分率为51.8%。卷舌率、叠舌率、尖舌率、三叶舌率分别为34.7%、13.4%、49.6%、5.3%。有中指毛的人数占47.9%,R型叠腿、R型起步分别为78.7%、80.4%,二趾长59.9%、上眼睑有褶77.0%。其中,R型环食指长、卷舌、叠舌、三叶舌者,男性均比女性多,尖舌、上眼睑有褶者,女性均比男性多,且性别间差异显著(P0.05或P0.01)。     

海南黎、苗、汉族扣手、交叉臂和惯用手的研究

调查了海南居住较为集中的黎、苗、汉族(共3 207人)扣手、交叉臂、惯用手等人类左右不对称行为特征。结果显示：(1)扣手、交手臂、惯用手三型3个民族的出现率均为R>L型,惯用手的R型出现率远较其他两型高,呈高度显著性差异,(P<0.01)。(2)扣手、交叉臂出现率与性别无关。(3)惯用手R型出现率苗族女性明显高于男性,差异显著(P<0.05)。三民族总和出现率为89.06％,是国内外属最低的。(4)扣手与交叉臂、扣手与惯用手,交叉臂与惯用手之间均具有相当明显的相关性。 Abstract：It was investigated that three types of many general indexes of anthrotogical genetics,which include hand-clasping、arm-folding and handedness,just among Li,Miao and Han nationalities in Hainan.There were 3207 people investigated in total.The results showed as follows:(1)The frequency of hand?clasping,arm-folding and handedness is far higher than others(P<0.01).(2) It was proved that there was no signilicant difference between male and female in the frequency of either hand-clasping or arm-floding.(3)It was obvious that the frequency of type R handedness in female of Miao nationality was higher than in male.And the difference was much clear(P<0.05).The total frequency of handedness was about 89.06 percent,which was the lowest rate as far as we known.(4)There was correlation among handedness and hand?clasping,handedness and arm-folding andhand-clasping and arm-folding respectively.     

汉、回、蒙古族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

作者于1996年在内蒙古调查了汉、回、蒙古族5项人类遗传学经典指标(拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂、惯用手)。研究结果显示:(1)3个民族间拇指类型、扣手出现率存在显著性差异,交叉臂、惯用手出现率则无显著性差异,环食指长出现率蒙-汉、蒙-回间存在显著性差异;(2)拇指类型、扣手、惯用手出现率无性别间差异,环食指长出现率男女间存在显著性差异;(3)惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间则无关;(4)与国外人群比较,3个民族环指长出现率高,交叉臂R型出现率较高,扣手R型出现率较低,惯用手L型出现率高于印度的一些群体。 Abstract:Authors in vestigated 5 general indexes of anthrotogical genetics including pollical type,palmar digital formula,hand clasping,arm folding and handedness in Han,Hui and Mongol nationalities in 1996.The results showed as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the frequency of pollical type and hand clasping in 3 nationalities,but those of arm folding and handedness showed nosignificant difference and the frequencies of palmar digital formula between the Mongol and the Hui revealed significant difference.(2)There were no significant sexual difference in the frequency of pollical type,hand clasping and handedness while the long type (R) of ring finger revealed significant sexual difference.(3)There were obvious correlations between handedness and hand clasping,handedness and arm folding but no relation between arm folding and hand clasping.(4)In comparison with foreign ethnic groups,the 3 nationalities showed higher frequencies of long type (R) of ring finger and right-arm folding but the frequence right-hand clasping revealed slightly lower.The findings showed higher frequence of Left-Handedness than that of Indian population.     

汉、回、蒙古族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

作者于1996年在内蒙古调查了汉、回、蒙古族5项人类遗传学经典指标(拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂、惯用手)。研究结果显示:(1)3个民族间拇指类型、扣手出现率存在显著性差异,交叉臂、惯用手出现率则无显著性差异,环食指长出现率蒙-汉、蒙-回间存在显著性差异;(2)拇指类型、扣手、惯用手出现率无性别间差异,环食指长出现率男女间存在显著性差异;(3)惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间则无关;(4)与国外人群比较,3个民族环指长出现率高,交叉臂R型出现率较高,扣手R型出现率较低,惯用手L型出现率高于印度的一些群体。 Abstract:Authors in vestigated 5 general indexes of anthrotogical genetics including pollical type,palmar digital formula,hand clasping,arm folding and handedness in Han,Hui and Mongol nationalities in 1996.The results showed as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the frequency of pollical type and hand clasping in 3 nationalities,but those of arm folding and handedness showed nosignificant difference and the frequencies of palmar digital formula between the Mongol and the Hui revealed significant difference.(2)There were no significant sexual difference in the frequency of pollical type,hand clasping and handedness while the long type (R) of ring finger revealed significant sexual difference.(3)There were obvious correlations between handedness and hand clasping,handedness and arm folding but no relation between arm folding and hand clasping.(4)In comparison with foreign ethnic groups,the 3 nationalities showed higher frequencies of long type (R) of ring finger and right-arm folding but the frequence right-hand clasping revealed slightly lower.The findings showed higher frequence of Left-Handedness than that of Indian population.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism