GB对低温胁迫黄瓜叶绿体及SOD、POD同工酶的影响

采用电镜观察和聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳法,研究了GB对低温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶绿体超微结构和SOD、POD同工酶的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫下,GB可使黄瓜幼苗叶绿体膜结构保持完好,而对照的叶绿体基粒破坏严重;与对照相比,GB处理对SOD、POD同工酶谱带数目均无影响,但POD同工酶的P2(Rf0．24)、P3(Rf0．30)、P4(Rf0．36)酶带的活性增加,SOD同工酶的S1(Rf0．14)、S5(Rf0．58)酶带活性较高,保持了黄瓜幼苗体内相对较高的抗氧化酶活性。GB可保护膜的完整性和稳定性,从而提高黄瓜幼苗的抗冷性。     

几种同工酶与猕猴桃品种对溃疡病抗性关系的研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、同工酶分析技术分别研究了猕猴桃植株体内过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酯酶(EST)同工酶谱带的变化,结果表明:自然感染溃疡病前后,此6种同工酶谱带特征在不同抗感品种中表现出一定的差异.未感染溃疡病菌前,抗(感)品系枝条、叶片POD同工酶均有2条酶带,PPO同工酶有3条酶带,但感病品种酶带颜色深且粗,而抗病品种酶带颜色浅且细,叶片酶带颜色深于枝条;SOD、CAT同工酶谱带均为1条,Rf值分别为0.38、0.28,感性品种较抗耐品种谱带亮度高活性强;自然发病后,抗(感)品系POD、PPO同工酶谱带数都增加,分别为4、3条和5、4条,且抗病品种新酶带出现较感病品种早且酶带粗颜色深活性强,感病品系虽也有新酶带出现,但酶带少活性弱,抗病品系枝条、叶片POD、PPO同工酶新谱带的Rf值分别为0.63、0.67和0.85、0.87;抗感病品种SOD、CAT同工酶都被诱导产生了1条新的同工酶谱带,Rf分别为0.32和0.27,新酶带现色时间迟,且酶带颜色浅活性弱,但抗耐品种较感性品种谱带亮且活性强;EST同工酶于自然发病前后变化不大,与抗病性关系不很明显.     

菊花不同生长阶段不同器官POD和EST同工酶比较

采用过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)2个酶系统的12个同工酶位点,分析了4个菊花品种营养生长和生殖生长阶段不同器官(嫩叶、老叶、嫩茎、木质化茎)的同工酶变化.结果表明:(1)4个品种共有16种POD酶带,15种EST酶带;(2)菊花的POD和EST具有组织特异性和阶段特异性,其中以嫩叶的酶带最多,其次为老叶,再次为嫩茎,而木质化茎的酶带最少;(3)与生殖生长阶段相比,营养生长阶段的POD酶带更清晰,更整齐,分离更好,但生殖生长阶段的EST同工酶比营养生长阶段的更清晰;(4)营养生长阶段的嫩叶最适合用于菊花POD同工酶分析,而EST同工酶研究宜取生殖生长时期的嫩叶.     

ABA预处理对PEG胁迫下两种草坪草POD同工酶的影响

以假俭草和狗牙根幼苗为材料,分别用PEG(聚乙二醇)处理和ABA预处理24h后再用PEG处理模拟干旱胁迫,研究在0~4d内POD同工酶电泳酶谱的结构及特征。结果表明,随着20%PEG处理时间延长,假俭草POD同工酶Rf 0.12和Rf 0.45区域的主要谱带颜色加深,POD活性提高。ABA预处理24h的假俭草POD同工酶谱带颜色却不同,其POD活性降低;而ABA预处理对狗牙根POD活性影响不明显。PEG处理后假俭草图谱中Rf值为0.56的酶谱随着胁迫时间延长而逐渐消失,但在处理第4d出现了新的Rf 0.324谱带,而ABA预处理24h就出现该谱带并一直存在;在Rf 0.22区域也存在几条类似的谱带。     

外源DNA导入糯玉米自交系D0代变异植株过氧化物酶同工酶分析

采用改良浸种法分别将甘蔗总DNA与孟加拉超甜玉米自交系总DNA导入糯玉米自交系12-9-10,在D0代分别获得变异植株,采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直电泳法对该植株及供受体进行了过氧化物酶同工酶分析,其结果表明植株D0(糯×甘300)的过氧化物酶同工酶在迁移率Rf5=0.33和Rf6=0.40分别出现一条供体特有而受体没有的酶带,其酶带强弱与供体相同;在迁移率Rf8=0.61出现一条供受体都没有的弱带。植株D0(糯×孟甜300)-2在迁移率Rf6=0.59增加了一条供受体都没有的弱带。说明了外源DNA(或DNA片段)已转移到糯玉米自交系12-9-10中,并得到了表达。     

镉诱导的菊芋幼苗膜脂过氧化和抗氧化酶活性及过氧化物酶同工酶的改变

用含有不同浓度(0~400μmol/L)Cd(NO3)2的Hoagland营养液处理砂培的菊芋。处理50d后,测定植物体内镉积累量以及过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并对POD同工酶进行电泳分析。发现在Cd50~100μmol/L浓度内,随着镉浓度的升高,菊芋根和叶中镉的积累量显著增加,而随后积累量的增加有所减少。根和叶中MDA含量显著上升,说明镉引起了膜脂过氧化。0~100μmol/LCd处理,根和叶中POD活性随Cd浓度增加而增强,而在200~400μmol/LCd处理下有所减弱。根和叶SOD活性在50~200μmol/LCd处理下随Cd浓度增加而增强,而在400μmol/LCd处理下SOD活性明显受到抑制。根和叶CAT活性随Cd浓度升高而增强。电泳结果显示,POD同工酶变化明显,镉诱导出一条新酶带LP10。菊芋POD同工酶可以作为镉污染的土壤的生物指示剂。     

欧李叶片过氧化物酶同工酶与叶果矿质元素含量变化的关系

以同一生境条件下113份燕山山脉野生欧李为试材,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,研究欧李叶片过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶与叶果中6种矿质元素的含量变化及其相关关系,为在酶水平上揭示欧李矿质营养代谢遗传差异提供理论参考。结果表明,欧李叶片过氧化物酶同工酶划分为7种酶谱类型,其中Rf 0.126和Rf 0.716酶带为共有的特征带,不同酶谱类型中单株个体间的相同酶带酶量大小以及叶果中的矿质元素含量存在明显差异,变异程度较大;相关分析结果显示,不同酶谱类型中相关酶带酶量大小与叶果中矿质元素含量变化存在显著或极显著的相关关系,表明欧李叶片过氧化物酶同工酶酶量大小变化在一定程度上反映矿质营养代谢的遗传差异和多样性。     

离子注入对萝卜过氧化物酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶同工酶的影响

研究了氮离子和氩离子注入萝卜种子对萝卜幼苗蛋白含量、过氧化物酶活性及过氧化物酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶同工酶的影响。结果表明 :离子注入后 ,减低萝卜过氧化物酶活性和蛋白含量。萝卜不同生长时期同工酶变化不一样。在子叶时期 ,过氧化物酶同工酶谱带无明显变化 ,淀粉酶同工酶有酶带的消失 ;而在真叶时期 ,过氧化物酶在负极区减少一条酶带 ,Rf为 0 .2 2 ,正极区增加一条酶带 ,Rf为 0 .6 ,且随剂量增加 ,酶带着色增强 ;淀粉酶同工酶在注入剂量为 5× 10 5N+ / cm2 )时 ,有同工酶带增加 ,Rf为 0 .6 1。低剂量时蛋白酶活性增强 ,谱带增多 ,大剂量则减弱。因此 ,N+和 Ar+注入后 ,可影响萝卜过氧化物酶和淀粉酶的表达及蛋白质的合成或降解。     

外源DNA导入糯玉米自交系D_0代变异植株过氧化物酶同工酶分析

采用改良浸种法分别将甘蔗总DNA与孟加拉超甜玉米自交系总DNA导入糯玉米自交系12-9-10,在D0代分别获得变异植株,采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直电泳法对该植株及供受体进行了过氧化物酶同工酶分析,其结果表明植株D0(糯×甘300)的过氧化物酶同工酶在迁移率Rf5=0.33和Rf6=0.40分别出现一条供体特有而受体没有的酶带,其酶带强弱与供体相同;在迁移率Rf8=0.61出现一条供受体都没有的弱带。植株D0(糯×孟甜300)-2在迁移率Rf6=0.59增加了一条供受体都没有的弱带。说明了外源DNA(或DNA片段)已转移到糯玉米自交系12-9-10中,并得到了表达。     

5种樱桃属植物的POD、CAT和SOD同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板凝胶电泳技术对5种樱桃属植物的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶、过氧化氢酶(CAT)同工酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶的酶谱特征进行分析,结果表明:5种樱桃属植物共电泳出12条POD同工酶酶带、4条CAT同工酶酶带和8条SOD同工酶酶带;其中,POD同工酶酶谱具有5条共同谱带,CAT同工酶4条,SOD同工酶5条。冬季休眠期的樱桃属植物,POD与SOD同工酶谱带的多样性比较丰富,不同植物之间的谱带差异较大;而CAT同工酶谱带差异不明显。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.