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The helminth parasites of 118 badgers from Cornwall are recorded. Nematode infestations are common. The five species found are Capillaria? erinacei, Molineus patens, Uncinaria stenocephala, Aelurostrongylus falciformis and Strongyloides sp. Cestode infestations appear to be rare, the species recorded being Mesocestoides lineatus and Dilepis undula. Similarly only a single trematode, Ityogonimus lorum, is recorded. 相似文献
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C. Polo‐Silva G. Acevedo S. Siu J. M. Carvajal M. Ixquiac S. Bessudo A. M. Suarez V. Puentes 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2018,34(1):157-161
This study proposes length relationship equations to determine total length of four species of sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis, Mustelus lunulatus, Sphyrna lewini and Carcharhinus limbatus) based on trunk lengths (TrL) and interdorsal lengths (IL) caught in Colombia and Central America Pacific Ocean. In Central American Pacific, data were recorded for C. falciformis, C. limbatus and S. lewini between 2006 and 2012. In the Colombian Pacific, data was recorded in 1994–1995 and from 2006 to 2012 for C. falciformis, S. lewini and M. lunulatus. In the Central American Pacific the IL – TL relationship was acceptable for C. falciformis (r2 = .69) and C. limbatus which presented a good relationship (r2 = .81) where most specimens were juveniles; the same trend was found for S. lewini (r2 = .96). The TL‐TrL relationship estimated for species caught in the Colombian Pacific was significant for C. falciformis (r2 = .98) and for M. lunulatus (r2 = .84); however, for S. lewini this relationship was low (r2 = .55). Results indicate this is a useful tool for fishery statistics and fishery management for elasmobranch species of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. 相似文献
4.
Yang-Ki Hong Jung-Eun Kim Jeong-Ho Lee Mi-Young Song Hee-Won Park 《Animal cells and systems.》2017,21(5):341-348
We surveyed the proportion of anguillid eel species inhabiting South Korea natural waters. From September 2014 to August 2015, 429 eels were collected in various habitats for identification using morphological features and DNA-based molecular methods. We found 424 Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica, 98.8%), two European eels (A. anguilla, 0.5%), one American eel (A. rostrata, 0.23%), one tropical eel (A. marmorata, 0.23%), and one short-finned eel (A. bicolor pacifica, 0.23%). Three (A. anguilla, A. rostrata, and A. bicolor pacifica) are exotic species to the natural waters of South Korea; this study is the first record of their distribution in this region. Specifically, A. anguilla was found in the Lake Soyang and Cheongpyeong, while A. rostrata was found only in the Lake Cheongpyeong, and A. bicolor pacifica was found in the Geum River estuary. 相似文献
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Chemical Composition,Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activities of Flowers Essential Oils of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm. from Martinique Island
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Pauline Burger Vanessa Gonnot Laurent Boyer Fabrice Chandre Sandra Adenet Katia Rochefort Thomas Michel Xavier Fernandez 《化学与生物多样性》2017,14(4)
Alpinia species, used as ornamental plants and flavoring agents, are renowned for their therapeutic properties and their subsequent use in traditional medicines throughout the world. Alpinia zerumbet (Pers .) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm . is the most common Alpinia species encountered in Martinique. Several essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydrodistillation of A. zerumbet flowers collected in various locations on the island at different seasons were analysed to evaluate the influence of the collection period and area on the EOs’ chemical compositions and to assess their bioactivity. A combination of GC‐FID and GC/MS techniques was used to examine the volatile constituents, leading to the identification of a total of 71 components accounting for 97.8 – 99.3% of the respective total GC‐FID areas: among them, nineteen compounds were characterized for the first time in A. zerumbet EOs. The antimicrobial activity of these EOs was assessed against eight bacterial, yeast and fungal strains and two multi‐resistant strains: some significant bacteriostatic and fungistatic activities of A. zerumbet flower oils were evidenced. Finally, an interesting insecticidal activity of the flower EO was highlighted for the first time against Aedes aegypti. 相似文献
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The aphid genus Blackmania gen. nov. is described. In the genus, B. eastopi sp. nov. associated with Polygonum equisetiforme (Polygonaceae) from Israel and Cyprus is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the new genus is similar to the genus Acaudella in respect to the lack of a cauda. Acaudella puchovi, associated with Atraphaxis caucasica (=A. buxifolia) and A. spinosa (Polygonaceae) from Uzbekistan and Israel, is re‐described and the apterous viviparous female is figured for the first time. The lectotype and paralectotypes of A. puchovi are also designated. An identification key to known species of the tribe Macrosiphini without cauda is provided. The morphological separation of B. eastopi gen. nov., sp. nov. from A. puchovi is visualized using principal component analysis. 相似文献
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Steven Branstetter 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1987,19(3):161-173
Synopsis The silky shark, Carcharhinus falciformis, and scalloped hammerhead, Sphyrna lewini, represent >80% of the shark by-catch of the winter swordfish/tuna longline fishery of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. This
catch represents a potential supplemental fishery, yet little is known of the life histories of the two species. This report
relates reproductive biology data to age and growth estimates for 135 C. falciformis and 78 S. lewini. Unlike other regional populations, C. falciformis in the Gulf of Mexico may have a seasonal 12 month gestation period. Males mature at 210–220 cm TL (6–7 yr); females at >225
cm TL (7–9 yr). Application of age at length data for combined sexes produced von Bertalanffy growth model parameter estimates
of L∞ = 291 cm TL, K = 0.153, t0 = −2.2 yr. Adult male S. lewini outnumbered adult females in catches because of differences in the distributions of the sexually segregated population. Males
mature at 180 cm TL (10 yr); females at 250 cm TL (15 yr). von Bertalanffy parameter estimates for combined sexes of this
species were L∞ = 329 cm TL, K = 0.073, to = −2.2 yr. 相似文献
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Summary Two alternative estimators of individual tree leaf area (A1) area are used to derive estimates of leaf-area index (L) for 40 plots in Pinus contorta Dougl. stands. One estimator of A1 is based on the common assumption of a constant ratio between A1 and sapwood cross-sectional area at breast height (As). The second estimator of A1 accounts for tree-to-tree variation in the relation between A1 and As. The apparent relationship between stand growth and leaf-area index is strongly dependent on the way leaf area is estimated. When L is derived from a constant A1As ratio, stand growth appears to be strongly correlated with L. However, when L is based on estmates of A1 that account for tree-to-tree variation in the A1 — As relation, stand growth is seen to be only weakly related to L. Stand structure, quantified as percent live-crown, accounts for a great deal of the observed variation in leaf-area efficiency. These contrasting relationships illustrate the importance of unbiased estimates of L in interpreting the link between stand-level processes and leaf area.Utah Aggriculural Experiment Station Journal Paper No. 3333 相似文献
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Qing‐Jun Yuan Bin Zhang Dan Jiang Wen‐Jing Zhang Tsai‐Yun Lin Nian‐He Wang Shu‐Jiau Chiou Lu‐Qi Huang 《Molecular ecology resources》2015,15(2):358-371
DNA barcodes have been increasingly used in authentication of medicinal plants, while their wide application in materia medica is limited in their accuracy due to incomplete sampling of species and absence of identification for materia medica. In this study, 95 leaf accessions of 23 species (including one variety) and materia medica of three Pharmacopoeia‐recorded species of Angelica in China were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of four DNA barcodes (rbcL, matK, trnH‐psbA and ITS). Our results showed that ITS provided the best discriminatory power by resolving 17 species as monophyletic lineages without shared alleles and exhibited the largest barcoding gap among the four single barcodes. The phylogenetic analysis of ITS showed that Levisticum officinale and Angelica sinensis were sister taxa, which indicates that L. officinale should be considered as a species of Angelica. The combination of ITS + rbcL + matK + trnH‐psbA performed slight better discriminatory power than ITS, recovering 23 species without shared alleles and 19 species as monophyletic clades in ML tree. Authentication of materia medica using ITS revealed that the decoction pieces of A. sinensis and A. biserrata were partially adulterated with those of L. officinale, and the temperature around 80 °C processing A. dahurica decoction pieces obviously reduced the efficiency of PCR and sequencing. The examination of two cultivated varieties of A. dahurica from different localities indicated that the four DNA barcodes are inefficient for discriminating geographical authenticity of conspecific materia medica. This study provides an empirical paradigm in identification of medicinal plants and their materia medica using DNA barcodes. 相似文献
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H. L. DUGDALE P. NOUVELLET L. C. POPE T. BURKE D. W. MACDONALD 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2010,23(2):282-292
Age at first (α) and last (ω) breeding are important life‐history traits; however, the direction and strength of selection detected on traits may vary depending on the fitness measure used. We provide the first estimates of lifetime breeding success (LBS) and λind (the population growth rate of an individual) of European badgers Meles meles, by genotyping 915 individuals, sampled over 18 years, for 22 microsatellites. Males are slightly larger than females, and the opportunity for selection was slightly greater for males, as predicted. λind and LBS both performed well in predicting the number of grand‐offspring, and both detected selection for a late ω, until the age of eight. Differential selection (S′α) for an early α, however, was only detected using LBS, not with λind. In declining populations (λind < 1) selection favours reproduction later in life, whereas early reproduction is selected in increasing populations (λind > 1). As 41% of badgers were assigned only one offspring (λind < 1), whereas 40% were assigned more than two (λind > 1), this cancelled out S′α measured by λind. 相似文献
11.
A maize CONSTANS-like gene, conz1, exhibits distinct diurnal expression patterns in varied photoperiods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) was domesticated from teosinte (Z. mays L. ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley), a plant requiring short day photoperiods to flower. While photoperiod sensitive landraces of maize exist,
post-domestication breeding included efforts to grow maize in a broad range of latitudes. Thus, modern maize is often characterized
as day-neutral because time to flower is relatively unaffected by photoperiod. We report the first identification of maize
constans of Zea mays1 (conz1), a gene with extensive sequence homology to photoperiod genes CONSTANS (CO) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.) and Heading date1 (Hd1) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). conz1 maps to a syntenous chromosomal location relative to Hd1. Additionally, conz1 and two maize homologs of another photoperiod gene exhibit diurnal expression patterns notably similar to their Arabidopsis and rice homologs. The expression pattern of conz1 in long days is distinct from that observed in short days, suggesting that maize is able to discern variations in photoperiod
and respond with differential expression of conz1. We offer models to reconcile the differential expression of conz1 with respect to the photoperiod insensitivity exhibited by temperate inbreds.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Sequence data from this article can be found in the GenBank () data library under the following accession numbers:
conz1 mRNA: EU098139, EU098140; gigz1A: BK006299; gigz1B: BK006298. 相似文献
12.
下一代益生菌Akk菌的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Akk菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)是具有巨大发展潜力的下一代益生菌,被广泛认为是改善炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征、糖尿病、肥胖症和渐冻症等疾病的一种新的潜在候选菌。近年来,随着人们对肠道共生菌重视程度的加深和各种组学技术的发展,Akk菌迅速成为益生菌研究领域的热点。然而,目前国内外有关Akk菌最新研究进展的归纳总结仍较少。因此,本文对近十年国内外有关Akk菌取得的最新研究进展进行综述,从Akk菌对宿主健康的调控作用,Akk菌的分离、鉴定和培养,以及Akk菌研究面临的挑战、机遇和前景等几方面进行阐述,以期为国内外同行对Akk菌的进一步深入研究和开发提供参考。 相似文献
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Antoaneta Trendafilova Milka Todorova Victoria Genova Samuel Peter Evelyn Wolfram Kalina Danova Luba Evstatieva 《化学与生物多样性》2018,15(7)
The aim of this study was to evaluate flower and leaf methanol extracts of Artemisia alba Turra for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity and to investigate their phenolic composition. The flower extract was richer in total phenolics and flavonoids and possessed higher antioxidant activity through DPPH and ABTS assays. The UHPLC‐PDA‐MS analysis of the flower and leaf methanol extracts revealed similar phenolic profile and allowed identification of 31 phenolic compounds (flavonoids, coumarins, and phenolic acids) by comparison with the respective reference compounds or tentatively characterized by their chromatographic behavior, UV patterns, and MS fragmentations. The presence of hispidulin, jaceosidin, desmethoxycentaureidin, and dicaffeoyl esters of quinic acid in A. alba is reported herein for the first time. The distribution of flavonoids in A. alba from different origins was discussed from chemotaxonomic point of view. 相似文献
14.
Samaddar N Paul A Chakravorty S Chakraborty W Mukherjee J Chowdhuri D Gachhui R 《Current microbiology》2011,63(2):226-231
The genus Asaia (family Acetobacteraceae) was first introduced with a single species—Asaia bogorensis and later six more species were described namely A. siamensis, A. krungthepensis, A. lannaensis, A. platycodi, A. prunellae, and A. astilbes. Acetobacteraceae family has been divided into ten genera but, only three of them include nitrogen fixing species: Gluconacetobacter, Acetobacter, and Swaminathania. This article originated from our study primarily aimed to isolate new endosymbiotic nitrogen fixer among Acetobacteraceae
during which we have isolated, for the first time in India, four different strains of Asaia sp. from three different sources: Michalia champaca flower, Anopheles mosquito, and ant Tetraponera rufonigra. All the endosymbiotic strains isolated possess the ability to fix nitrogen. Evidence for both nitrogenase activity and the
presence of nifH gene in isolated Asaia sp. is presented. Asaia bogorensis (MTCC 4041T) and A. siamensis (MTCC 4042T), two of the validated type strains available from the repository, were tested positive for the presence of functional nitrogenase.
The nifH gene sequences from these type strains were also confirmed and compared with other nitrogen fixing members of the family
Acetobacteraceae. Our result corroborate with the previous reports that Asaia sp. are indeed widely distributed in nature but this is the first time demonstration of their functional nitrogenase activity.
This study shows Asaia sp. as fourth genera of nitrogen fixing bacteria in the family Acetobacteraceae. 相似文献
15.
We performed two experiments to study the hiding behavior of various beetles introduced into colonies of European honey bees,
Apis mellifera L. In the first experiment, we studied the spatial distribution within confinement sites of six beetle species at eight time
intervals following their introduction into honey bee observation hives. For each beetle species, we also determined whether
the beetle’s level of integration into honey bee colonies correlated with its ability to hide at confinement sites within
colonies. In experiment 1, we used five species of nitidulid beetles and one species of tenebrionid beetle, collectively representing
three differing levels of integration into honey bee colonies. These species (and their level of integration) included Aethina tumida (highly integrated), Lobiopa insularis, and Epuraea luteola (accidentals), and Carpophilus humeralis, C. hemipterus, and Tribolium castaneum (non-integrated). There were always more A. tumida found in confinement sites than beetles of the other species. This difference became more pronounced over the 24-h observation
period. In experiment 2, we determined whether previous A. tumida occupation of confinement sites predisposed those sites to hosting invading A. tumida never before exposed to honey bee colonies. The results from this study indicate that invading A. tumida find hiding sites within honey bee colonies more rapidly if other A. tumida previously occupied the confinement sites. Collectively, these studies suggest that A. tumida is unique among beetle invaders with respect to its ability to seek out and occupy confinement sites inside honey bee colonies. 相似文献
16.
【背景】丁酸梭菌是专性厌氧的新一代芽孢益生菌,耐热、耐酸、抗逆性强,极具应用价值和开发前景。【目的】优化丁酸梭菌发酵培养基并初步研究其发酵液对黄曲霉菌的抑制作用和降解黄曲霉毒素B1 (aflatoxin B1, AFB1)的能力。【方法】利用响应面法对发酵培养基进行优化,采用牛津杯法对丁酸梭菌发酵液抑制黄曲霉菌生长进行研究,并通过酶联免疫法测定发酵液对AFB1的降解能力。【结果】优化后的发酵培养基为:葡萄糖18.1g/L,大豆蛋白胨29.7g/L,磷酸氢二钾3.8 g/L,氯化钠2.0 g/L,乙酸钠4.0 g/L,结晶硫酸镁1.2 g/L,L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.3 g/L。优化后的丁酸梭菌生物量由8.99×108个/mL提高至2.28×109个/mL,是优化前的2.54倍。丁酸梭菌发酵液对致病真菌黄曲霉菌的抑菌效果十分显著,其上清液经浓缩后对AFB1降解72h的降解率达到68.65%,初步分析表明上清液中对AFB1 相似文献
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Artemisinin isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia annua L. is a promising and potent antimalarial drug which has a remarkable activity against chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum, and is useful in treatment of cerebral malaria. Because the low content (0.01–1 %) of artemisinin in A. annua is a limitation to the commercial production of the drug, many research groups have been focusing their researches on enhancing the production of artemisinin in tissue culture or in the whole plant of A. annua. This review mainly focuses on the progresses made in the production of artemisinin from A. annua by biotechnological strategies including in vitro tissue culture, metabolic regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis, genetic engineering, and bioreactor technology. 相似文献
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Structure and genomic organization of centromeric repeats in<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Arabidopsis</Emphasis> species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Centromeric repetitive sequences were isolated from Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera and A. lyrata ssp. kawasakiana. Two novel repeat families isolated from A. gemmifera were designated pAge1 and pAge2. These repeats are 180 bp in length and are organized in a head-to-tail manner. They are similar to the pAL1 repeats of A. thaliana and the pAa units of A. arenosa. Both A. gemmifera and A. kawasakiana possess the pAa, pAge1 and pAge2 repeat families. Sequence comparisons of different centromeric repeats revealed that these families share a highly conserved region of approximately 50 bp. Within each of the four repeat families, two or three regions showed low levels of sequence variation. The average difference in nucleotide sequence was approximately 10% within families and 30% between families, which resulted in clear distinctions between families upon phylogenetic analysis. FISH analysis revealed that the localization patterns for the pAa, pAge1 and pAge2 families were chromosome specific in A. gemmifera and A. kawasakiana. In one pair of chromosomes in A. gemmifera, and three pairs of chromosomes in A. kawasakiana, two repeat families were present. The presence of three families of centromeric repeats in A. gemmifera and A. kawasakiana indicates that the first step toward homogenization of centromeric repeats occurred at the chromosome level.Communicated by W. R. McCombie 相似文献