合川马门溪龙介绍展览会

1965年5月19日中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所于装架现場举行了合川马门溪龙介绍展览会。中国科学院院长郭沫若及副院长李四光、竺可桢、吳有训和其他有关科学家先后参观了这个展览会。     

复杂化石模具的制作技巧

古生物化石（比如恐龙化石骨架）的展出往往离不开模型制作,有的化石模型（特别是脊椎）结构复杂,模具的制作难度较高,因此,要准确复制这些化石模型,掌握模具制作非常重要,那么怎样才能更好地制作这些模具,下面我就以合川马门溪龙第二背椎为例,介绍结构复杂化石模具的制作技巧。     

生物科技快讯

云南也有马门溪龙中国地质博物馆研究员方晓思与中国科学院古脊动物与古人类研究所研究员赵喜进等,日前在我国云南省首次发现了晚侏罗世的马门溪龙化石,并命名为云南马门溪龙(新种)。这一发现不仅为马门溪龙属增加了新的分子,扩大了该类恐龙的分布区域,同时为研究恐龙的进化与绝灭提供了重要的线索。摘自《科学时报》2004年9月15日(BF)“北京人”头盖骨(枕骨)化石真品将展出为隆重纪念“北京人”第1个头盖骨发现75周年和发现人裴文中先生诞辰100周年,周口店北京人遗址博物馆在中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所的大力支持下,将于9月30日…     

马门溪龙(Mamenchisaurus)的故事

正系统分类学恐龙类Dinosauria Owen,1842蜥臀目Saurischia Seeley,1887蜥脚形亚目Sauropodomorpha Huene,1932蜥脚次亚目Sauropoda Marsh 1878马门溪龙是一种巨型的植食性蜥脚类恐龙,四足行走,生活在1.6亿年前的侏罗纪晚期,主要发现在我国的四川盆地和新疆准噶尔盆地。马门溪龙因其巨大的体型和长长的脖子而闻名于世,脖颈可达9米长,由19节颈椎组成,比现代的长     

中国恐龙展在香港

中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所同香港市政局合作,在香港九龙的香港博物馆举办“中国恐龙展”,展览已于2月9日正式开幕,为期3个月。这次“中国恐龙展”展出三具体态巨大的恐龙骨架。其中有晚侏罗纪的合川马门溪龙,它身长22米,是目前亚洲发现的最大、最长的恐龙;有山东莱阳发现的晚白垩纪棘鼻青岛龙,它的头骨上额骨和鼻骨变形,向上突起成棒状棘,是一种双足行走的恐龙。骨架长     

新书推荐

正"恐龙"是我们地球中生代时期(距今约两亿五千万年到六千六百万年前)具有独特魅力、称霸陆地的一类爬行动物。中国的恐龙化石极其丰富,无论从属种数量、标本保存还是时代分布来看,都堪称世界上屈指可数的恐龙大国。中国也是近年来恐龙研究最为活跃的国家,从恐龙物种发现的数量来看已经排名世界第一。合川马门溪龙(蜥脚类恐龙)和棘鼻青岛龙(鸟臀类恐龙)等已经是家喻户晓。介绍恐龙的书籍虽然琳琅满目,而专门介绍"恐龙考察"的书籍却很少,只是一些零散、简单的报导。有一本能系统、全     

恐龙装架浅谈

恐龙化石的发现 ,大约有一百多年的历史 ,最早在欧洲。在伦敦发现了禽龙 ,而后是北美洲发现了十分丰富的各种恐龙 ,直到十九世纪末 ,二十世纪初在亚洲大陆才发现有恐龙的存在 ,不过那时发掘恐龙的都是外国人 ,所采集的标本也都弄到外国去了。到了二十世纪后半叶 ,中国地质工作者经过了几代人的努力踏遍了祖国的山山水水 ,发现了许多恐龙动物群 ,其中比较著名的有云南巨型禄丰龙 ,山东的巨型山东龙、四川的永川龙和合川的马门溪龙等等 ,其埋藏数量之多种类之广 ,使得中国的恐龙化石为世人所瞩目。恐龙化石为各自然博物馆竟相收藏 ,因为它是科…     

脊椎动物化石陈列的科学艺术美

脊椎动物化石陈列的科学艺术美张建军古生物学在博物馆中,占着重要的位置。许多大城市里建有自然博物馆,古生物成为其中的主角。最吸引观众的要属大型脊推动物骨架的陈列。上海自然博物馆因地制宜,一进展馆大门,高大的蜥脚类马门溪龙骨架,昂首站立在大厅中央,给观众...     

亚洲第一龙——马门溪龙

马门溪龙(Mamenchisaurus)是我国特有的一种大型的长颈椎型蜥脚类恐龙.由于这类恐龙具有许多独有的特点,它在中国乃至世界恐龙的研究中占有重要的地位:它是迄今发现的颈椎数最多、脖子最长的恐龙;它是中国个体最大的恐龙;它是中国种类最多、地域分布最广的蜥脚类恐龙;它是中国首次发现皮肤化石的蜥脚类恐龙.     

板龙“群葬墓”之谜

1921年,在德国特罗辛根的三叠纪晚期地层里,人们发现了9具板龙的完整骨架化石,从埋藏情况分析,这些板龙是同时被埋葬在这里的。古生物学家称其为板龙“群葬墓”。 人们对板龙并不陌生,产于我困云南的有名的禄丰龙就是一种板龙。板龙足早期的植食性恐龙,被认为是后来出现在侏罗纪、白垩纪的那些恐龙大汉蜥脚类恐龙（梁龙、腕龙、马门溪龙）的祖先类型,因此被称为“原蜥脚类恐龙”。     

辽宁西部早白垩世义县组一新驰龙类

我国辽西早白垩世义县组底部陆家屯层近年来产出大量恐龙和其他脊椎动物化石 ,其中包括兽脚类恐龙当中的伤齿龙类和窃蛋龙类 (Xu ,2 0 0 2 )。本文报道该层位产出的一件驰龙类化石标本。通过对比研究 ,我们确认这一标本不同于热河群已知的其他 3种驰龙类 ,并建立了驰龙类的一个新属种 :陆家屯纤细盗龙 (Graciliraptorlujiatunensisgen .etsp .nov .)。驰龙类最初发现于北美晚白垩世地层中 (MatthewandBrown ,1 92 2 ) ,随后在蒙古晚白垩世地层中也有发现 (Osborn ,1 92 4 ) ;现在已知驰龙类的化石记录主要集中在北美和中亚地区的白垩纪地层中 (Xu ,2 0 0 2 )。千禧中国鸟龙 (Sinornithosaurusmillenii)曾代表最早的确定无疑的驰龙属种 (Xuetal.,1 999) ,其生存时代大约为 1 2 5Ma (Swisheretal.,1 999)。陆家屯纤细盗龙正型标本产于义县组底部陆家屯层 ,其上覆和下伏岩层的同位素年代分别为 1 2 8Ma和 1 39Ma (Swisheretal.,2 0 0 1 )。因此 ,陆家屯纤细盗龙代表已知最早的驰龙属种。陆家屯纤细盗龙和其他驰龙类共享以下近裔特征 :尾椎前关节突和脉弧极度加长、上颌齿后缘锯齿明显大于前缘锯齿和指节III- 2明显缩短。陆家屯纤细盗龙的以下近裔特征区别于其他驰龙类 :中部尾椎有一板状结构连接左右后关节     

四川自贡肉食龙一新种

和平永川龙(Yongchuanosaurus hepingensis sp. nov.)为四川盆地发现的又一相当完整肉食龙新材料,本文对它进行了记述.     

A relationship between premolar loss and jaw elongation in selenodont artiodactyls

The jaw oflater selenodont artiodactyls is significantly longer, relative to jaw width and tooth size, than in the earliest members of this group. Although this change has a number of potentially beneficial effects, there is at least one adverse effect. A longer jaw reduces the width-to-length ratio, which eventually limits the length of the cheek tooth row at its anterior end. Buttressing the skull against torsional forces is best accomplished by tracts of bone that join the anterior and posterior divisions of the skull and that bridge the weak zone at the orbital region. As the jaw lengthens, some of the anterior premolars necessarily come to lie in front of the most anterior of these buttressing tracts. Bite force at these teeth cannot be transferred in an optimal manner from the anterior to the posterior divisions of the skull, torsion is less well resisted, and one or more anterior premolars are lost, even though there is more than enough space because of the presence of a long diastema.     

四川自贡蜥脚类一新属

记述了产自四川省自贡市的一具蜥脚类幼年个体材料。根据枢椎极短而高,颈神经棘低、上缘平直、前后延长,背神经棘呈横宽的板状,中部颈肋的前突分叉等特征将它命名为一新属新种——张氏大安龙Daanosaurus zhangi gen.etsp.nov.,并将它归入巧龙亚科Bellusaurinae。     

四川自贡中侏罗世峨眉龙—新种

记述了产自四川自贡大山铺中侏罗世峨眉龙属一新种——焦氏峨眉龙(Omeisaurus jiaoisp.nov.)。新种为大型蜥脚类恐龙,以如下特征区别于其他蜥脚类:前、中部背椎为典型的后凹型,后部背椎为双平型,背椎神经棘呈高大棒状,不分叉;尾椎为弱双凹型,第一尾椎不具扇形尾肋;第一脉弧短小且与第一尾椎关联;锁骨长大;肱骨和股骨细长而圆实;肱骨与股骨长度之比为0.83,尺骨与肱骨长度之比为0.72,胫骨与股骨长度之比为0.63。     

Osteology and systematic position of the Eocene salmonid †Eosalmo driftwoodensis Wilson from western North America

The fossil salmonid †Eosalmo driftwoodensis was originally described from fragmentary specimens. Study of new material of this fossil species confirms that it is a stem-group salmonine, with a mixture of primitive and derived salmonine features in its skull, but with its postcranial skeleton essentially of modern salmonine construction. Two autapomophies define the genus †Eosalmo: a long anterodorsal process of the subopercle meeting the dorsal edge of the bone at an angle of about 60^o, and a thin dermal basihyal plate apparently lacking teeth. Its salmonine relationship is supported by eight derived features: (1) posterior part of frontal widely expanded above autosphenotic, (2) hyomandibular fossa on pterotic long, (3) posterior part of endopterygoid extending posteriorly and broadly overlapped by both metapterygoid and quadrate, (4) premaxillary process of maxilla extending dorsally at an angle larger than 10^o, (5) infraorbitals 3 to 5 narrow and covering less than anterior half of hyomandibula, (6) presence of suprapreopercle, (7) anterior end of preopercular canal on horizontal arm distinctiy turning to anteroventral corner of preopercle, (8) first uroneural amplified into large fan-shaped stegural, and (9) scales small, with more fhan two lateral line scales per vertebral centrum. Salmonidae are a monophyletic family defined by at least three synapomorphies: posterior surface of epiotic with sulcus, peg-and-socket connection in caudal skeleton, and tetraploid karyotype. Within the Salmonidae, Thymallinae and Salmoninae form a clade based on features from premaxilla, supramaxilla, anguloarticular, and supraorbital.     

内蒙古上白垩统二连组发现一新镰刀龙类(英文)

镰刀龙类化石主要分布于亚洲白垩纪地层 (RussellandDong ,1 993;Xuetal.,1 999a ;KirklandandWolfe ,2 0 0 1 )。最近发现于内蒙古上白垩统二连组的杨氏内蒙古龙(Neimongosaurusyangi)代表这一类群中较为原始的属种 (张晓虹等 ,2 0 0 1 )。通过研究产自同一化石地点的镰刀龙类新材料 ,我们鉴定出一个不同于杨氏内蒙古龙的新属种 ,美掌二连龙(Erliansaurusbellamanusgen .etsp .nov.)。依据以下特征将Erliansaurusbellamanus归入镰刀龙超科 :肩胛骨干远端狭窄、肱骨近端角状、肱骨有后转子、肱骨的尺骨髁和桡骨髁位于肱骨干前部、肠骨髋臼后支远端加厚、距骨髁小和腓骨近端后缘窄。Erliansaurusbellamanus的以下自近裔特征区别于其他镰刀龙类 :前部尾椎具加大的滋养孔、肱骨后转子嵴状、肱骨后转子内侧有一卵形凹陷、肠骨外侧面坐骨柄上方有一多皱的肿状突起、腓骨近端后缘明显高于前缘以及腓骨前转子大、位置靠远端。本文对镰刀龙类的系统关系进行了初步的分析 ,结论如下 :北票龙 (Beipiaosaurus)代表除Eshanosaurus外最原始的属种 ,它没有以下一些其他镰刀龙类的进步性状 :掌爪近端深、胫骨短于股骨、非常短的骨以及第一骨关连跗骨。Erliansaurus、Alxasaurus、Neimongosaurus和Nothronychus比Bei     

Early hominid feeding mechanisms.

Three predominant influences mark the evolution of human head form: big brain, erect bipedalism, modified oral apparatus. Confusing interplay between different adaptive requirements of each feature has made explanation of skull structure extremely difficult in the past. It now seems possible to isolate each influence in early fossil forms. A model of mammalian modes of feeding adaptation is proposed in the form of a “Natural Experiment” for tighter analysis of fossil forms. Two forms of australopithecines are recognized, “gracile” and “robust.” Both had closely similar brains, both had erect bipedalism, but each had different masticatory construction. Separation of the first two similar influences isolates the adaptive differences in oral mechanics. The gracile form had a projecting oral apparatus, distinct canine and zygomatic buttresses, moderate jaw-lever development, jaw joint not unlike most higher primates, large unusual anterior teeth, moderately sized posterior teeth. The robust form had a retruded, greatly deepened oral apparatus, “dished-in” face with fused canine and zygomatic buttresses, powerful jaw-lever development, distinctively different joint construction, remarkably small anterior teeth, enormous posterior teeth. Striking evidence for extraordinary jaw movements emerges from these features in the robust form. This is strongly supported by remarkably close parallels in Ursidae: grizzly bear and giant panda.     

辽宁早白垩世早期—鸟化石

本文记述了发现于辽宁朝阳地区早白垩世早期一新的鸟类。这是继三塔中国鸟(Sinornis santensis)、燕都华夏鸟(Cathayomis yandica)之后报道的辽宁中生代第三种鸟化石,它的脊柱和腰带与始祖鸟和恐龙相似,但其肋骨又具有现代鸟类的性状,这是早期鸟类化石的又一新材料。     

Senile features in the skeleton of an aged Japanese monkey

The senile features in the skeleton of a male Japanese monkey, who is presumed to be about 40 years old, were examined in comparison with younger individuals. As for the skull, every part is constructed solidly, and the sutures around the temporal and parietal bones are for the most part closed. In the dentition many of the front teeth are destroyed or lost, and the cheek teeth are severely worn. In the vertebrae, the annular epiphyseal discs unite completely with the body at its anterior and posterior surfaces, and the porosity and deformation of the bodies are remarkable. The hip bones, in the pelvis, unite with each other by solid ossification of the pubic symphysis. The long bones of the anterior and posterior limbs are marked by their general thickness, the rugged increase of bone around the joints, especially in the arms, and the complete union of each epiphysis with the shaft through the ossification of the epiphyseal cartilage. These senile features furnish a clue as to the establishment of a criterion for age estimation in Japanese monkeys.This observation was briefly reported inMonkey Vol. 13, No. 1, 1969, and Fig. 9 was used there.