大剂量乙酰半胱氨酸对高龄患者慢性阻塞性肺病合并肺间质纤维化急 性加重期的干预作用及机制初探

目的:观察大剂量乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对高龄患者慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)合并肺间质纤维化(PIF)急性加重期的干预作用,并对干预机制进行初步探讨。方法:年龄大于80岁COPD合并PIF患者18例,分为对照组(8例)和观察组(10例),对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予口服乙酰半胱氨酸颗粒600 mg/次,3次/d,连用30天,观察两组治疗前后临床症状、肺功能指标(FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、血液中细胞因子(IL-2和TNF-α)和影像学的变化。结果:观察组治疗总有效率和细菌培养转阴率显著升高(P<0.05);两组治疗后FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PaO2均较治疗前显著上升(P<0.05),血液中IL-2和TNF-α较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05);组间比较存在显著性差异(P<0.05);观察组治疗后胸部CT见感染明显控制。结论:在常规治疗基础上合用大剂量NAC可以有效治疗急性加重期COPD合并PIF的老年患者,机制可能与抑制炎性因子表达、减少细菌在呼吸道内的附着有关。     

大剂量乙酰半胱氨酸对高龄患者慢性阻塞性肺病合并肺间质纤维化急性加重期的干预作用及机制初探

目的：观察大剂量乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）对高龄患者慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）合并肺问质纤维化（PIF）急性加重期的干预作用,并对干预机制进行初步探讨。方法：年龄大于80岁COPD合并PIF患者18例,分为对照组（8例）和观察组（10例）,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予口服乙酰半胱氨酸颗粒600mg／次,3次／d,连用30天,观察两组治疗前后临床症状、肺功能指标（FVC、FEV1、FEV1／FVC）、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、血液中细胞因子（IL-2和TNF—α）和影像学的变化。结果：观察组治疗总有效率和细菌培养转阴率显著升高（P〈0．05）;两组治疗后FVC、FEV1、FEV1／FVC、PaO2均较治疗前显著上升（P〈0．05）,血液中IL-2和TNF—α较治疗前显著下降（P〈0．05）;组间比较存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）;观察组治疗后胸部CT见感染明显控制。结论：在常规治疗基础上合用大剂量NAC可以有效治疗急性加重期COPD合并PIF的老年患者,机制可能与抑制炎性因子表达、减少细菌在呼吸道内的附着有关。     

Observational study on the impact of initiating tiotropium alone versus tiotropium with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination therapy on outcomes and costs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background

This retrospective cohort study compared the risks of exacerbations and COPD-related healthcare costs between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) initiating tiotropium (TIO) alone and patients initiating triple therapy with fluticasone-salmeterol combination (FSC) added to TIO.

Methods

Managed-care enrollees who had an index event of ≥ 1 pharmacy claim for TIO during the study period (January 1, 2003-April 30, 2008) and met other eligibility criteria were categorized into one of two cohorts depending on their medication use. Patients in the TIO+FSC cohort had combination therapy with TIO and FSC, defined as having an FSC claim on the same date as the TIO claim. Patients in the TIO cohort had no such FSC use. The risks of COPD exacerbations and healthcare costs were compared between cohorts during 1 year of follow-up.

Results

The sample comprised 3333 patients (n = 852 TIO+FSC cohort, n = 2481 TIO cohort). Triple therapy with FSC added to TIO compared with TIO monotherapy was associated with significant reductions in the adjusted risks of moderate exacerbation (hazard ratio 0.772; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.641, 0.930) and any exacerbation (hazard ratio 0.763; 95% CI 0.646, 0.949) and a nonsignificant reduction in COPD-related adjusted monthly medical costs.

Conclusions

Triple therapy with FSC added to TIO compared with TIO monotherapy was associated with significant reductions in the adjusted risks of moderate exacerbation and any exacerbation over a follow-up period of up to 1 year. These improvements were gained with triple therapy at roughly equal cost of that of TIO alone.     

血浆N端脑钠肽前体与COPD合并慢性肺源性心脏病患者肺动脉压的相关性分析

目的探讨血浆N端脑钠肽前体与COPD合并慢性肺源性心脏病患者肺动脉压的相关性。方法将我院收治的94例COPD稳定期患者,根据心脏彩超检查明确合并慢性肺心病患者分为观察组46例,单纯COPD患者分为对照组48例,采用化学发光法测定两组患者血浆NT-proBNP水平,心脏彩超检查两组患者右心室前壁厚度、右心室舒张末期内径、左室射血分数、主肺动脉宽度、肺动脉压,并进行比较。结果与对照组比较,观察组血浆NT-proBNP水平明显升高(P0.05),右心室前壁厚度、右心室舒张末期内径、主肺动脉宽度、肺动脉压明显升高(P0.05)。血浆NT-proBNP水平与肺动脉压成明显正相关(r=-0.284,P0.01)。结论 COPD合并慢性肺心病患者血浆NT-proBNP水平升高,有助于评估肺动脉高压的严重程度。     

Aclidinium bromide and formoterol fumarate as a fixed-dose combination in COPD: pooled analysis of symptoms and exacerbations from two six-month,multicentre, randomised studies (ACLIFORM and AUGMENT)

Background

The combination of aclidinium bromide, a long-acting anticholinergic, and formoterol fumarate, a long-acting beta₂-agonist (400/12 μg twice daily) achieves improvements in lung function greater than either monotherapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is approved in the European Union as a maintenance treatment. The effect of this combination on symptoms of COPD and exacerbations is less well established. We examined these outcomes in a pre-specified analysis of pooled data from two 24-week, double-blind, parallel-group, active- and placebo-controlled, multicentre, randomised Phase III studies (ACLIFORM and AUGMENT).

Methods

Patients ≥40 years with moderate to severe COPD (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV₁]/forced vital capacity <70 % and FEV₁ ≥30 % but <80 % predicted normal) were randomised (ACLIFORM: 2:2:2:2:1; AUGMENT: 1:1:1:1:1) to twice-daily aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 μg or 400/6 μg, aclidinium 400 μg, formoterol 12 μg or placebo via Genuair™/Pressair®. Dyspnoea (Transition Dyspnoea Index; TDI), daily symptoms (EXAcerbations of Chronic pulmonary disease Tool [EXACT]-Respiratory Symptoms [E-RS] questionnaire), night-time and early-morning symptoms, exacerbations (Healthcare Resource Utilisation [HCRU] and EXACT definitions) and relief-medication use were assessed.

Results

The pooled intent-to-treat population included 3394 patients. Aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 μg significantly improved TDI focal score versus placebo and both monotherapies at Week 24 (all p < 0.05). Over 24 weeks, significant improvements in E-RS total score, overall night-time and early-morning symptom severity and limitation of early-morning activities were observed with aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 μg versus placebo and both monotherapies (all p < 0.05). The rate of moderate or severe HCRU exacerbations was significantly reduced with aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 μg compared with placebo (p < 0.05) but not monotherapies; the rate of EXACT-defined exacerbations was significantly reduced with aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 μg versus placebo (p < 0.01) and aclidinium (p < 0.05). Time to first HCRU or EXACT exacerbation was longer with aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 μg compared with placebo (all p < 0.05) but not the monotherapies. Relief-medication use was reduced with aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 μg versus placebo and aclidinium (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 μg significantly improves 24-hour symptom control compared with placebo, aclidinium and formoterol in patients with moderate to severe COPD. Furthermore, aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 μg reduces the frequency of exacerbations compared with placebo.

Trial registration

{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01462942","term_id":"NCT01462942"}}NCT01462942 and {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01437397","term_id":"NCT01437397"}}NCT01437397 (ClinicalTrials.gov)

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0250-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

慢性阻塞性肺病继发曲霉菌感染96例临床分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）继发呼吸系统曲霉菌感染的临床特点及防治对策。方法分析浙江大学附属第一医院2007年6月至2008年6月收治的96例COPD痰培养曲霉菌阳性患者的临床表现、治疗方法及治疗结果。结果96例COPD痰培养曲霉菌阳性患者经治疗后,9例死亡,87例好转,其中45例未用抗真菌药物治疗,38例应用氟康唑针治疗,13例加用伏立康唑针治疗。结论近年来COPD患者痰培养曲霉菌阳性呈持续增多趋势,感染因素为长期反复住院、老年、抗生素及激素的不合理应用、医源性侵袭性操作,早期诊断,早期治疗及合理预防用药是减少呼吸系统曲霉菌感染发生的关键。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并糖尿病患者口腔菌群及肠道菌群的研究

探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并糖尿病患者与糖尿病患者口腔菌群及肠道菌群的差异。

选取2019年5月到2020年5月于我院就诊的COPD合并糖尿病患者与仅患糖尿病的患者各30例。检测两组患者的各项身体指标以及生化指标。采集两组患者牙体颊/舌面液体, 提取细菌基因组DNA, 采用荧光定量PCR鉴定常见口腔细菌。采用贴纸收集粪便样本, 并用选择性琼脂培养基培养菌群, 结果以每毫升粪便的菌落形成单位(CFU)表示。通过BBL Crystal^TM鉴定系统对分离出的细菌进行鉴定。采用Elisa试剂盒测量粪便中Zonulin的水平(ng/mL)。

COPD合并糖尿病患者体质量指数[(29.54±2.16)kg/m²]较高, 血糖水平也较高, 但与糖尿病组比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。COPD合并糖尿病患者CRP水平升高(P＜0.05), 其他各项指标两组间差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。30例COPD合并糖尿病患者链球菌检出率为60.0%, 奈瑟菌检出率为30.0%, 放线菌检出率为66.7%, 韦荣球菌检出率为40.0%, 牙龈卟啉单胞菌的检出率为70.0%。30例糖尿病患者链球菌检出率为40.0%, 奈瑟菌检出率为56.7%, 放线菌检出率为36.7%, 韦荣球菌检出率为73.3%, 牙龈卟啉单胞菌的检出率为46.7%。Zonulin与炎症和真菌数量之间存在显著正相关。

COPD合并糖尿病患者肠道真菌数量、肠屏障功能与全身性炎症之间存在密切联系。

     

Clinical and computed tomographic predictors of chronic bronchitis in COPD: a cross sectional analysis of the COPDGene study

Background

Chronic bronchitis (CB) has been related to poor outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). From a clinical standpoint, we have shown that subjects with CB in a group with moderate to severe airflow obstruction were younger, more likely to be current smokers, male, Caucasian, had worse health related quality of life, more dyspnea, and increased exacerbation history compared to those without CB. We sought to further refine our clinical characterization of chronic bronchitics in a larger cohort and analyze the CT correlates of CB in COPD subjects. We hypothesized that COPD patients with CB would have thicker airways and a greater history of smoking, acute bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, and occupational exposures compared to those without CB.

Methods

We divided 2703 GOLD 1–4 subjects in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene®) Study into two groups based on symptoms: chronic bronchitis (CB+, n = 663, 24.5%) and no chronic bronchitis (CB-, n = 2040, 75.5%). Subjects underwent extensive clinical characterization, and quantitative CT analysis to calculate mean wall area percent (WA%) of 6 segmental airways was performed using VIDA PW2 (http://www.vidadiagnostics.com). Square roots of the wall areas of bronchi with internal perimeters 10 mm and 15 mm (Pi10 and Pi15, respectively), % emphysema, %gas trapping, were calculated using 3D Slicer (http://www.slicer.org).

Results

There were no differences in % emphysema (11.4 ± 12.0 vs. 12.0 ± 12.6%, p = 0.347) or % gas trapping (35.3 ± 21.2 vs. 36.3 ± 20.6%, p = 0.272) between groups. Mean segmental WA% (63.0 ± 3.2 vs. 62.0 ± 3.1%, p < 0.0001), Pi10 (3.72 ± 0.15 vs. 3.69 ± 0.14 mm, p < 0.0001), and Pi15 (5.24 ± 0.22 vs. 5.17 ± 0.20, p < 0.0001) were greater in the CB + group. Greater percentages of gastroesophageal reflux, allergic rhinitis, histories of asthma and acute bronchitis, exposures to dusts and occupational exposures, and current smokers were seen in the CB + group. In multivariate binomial logistic regression, male gender, Caucasian race, a lower FEV₁%, allergic rhinitis, history of acute bronchitis, current smoking, and increased airway wall thickness increased odds for having CB.

Conclusions

Histories of asthma, allergic rhinitis, acute bronchitis, current smoking, a lower FEV₁%, Caucasian race, male gender, and increased airway wall thickness are associated with CB. These data provide clinical and radiologic correlations to the clinical phenotype of CB.     

Pulmonary biomarkers in COPD exacerbations: a systematic review

Exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD) represent a major burden for patients and health care systems. Innovative sampling techniques have led to the identification of several pulmonary biomarkers. Although some molecules are promising, their usefulness in clinical practice is not yet established. Medline and Highwire databases were used to identify studies evaluating pulmonary sampled biomarkers in ECOPD. We combined 3 terms for ECOPD, 3 for biomarkers and 6 for the sampling method. Seventy-nine studies were considered eligible for inclusion in the review and were analyzed further. Pulmonary biomarkers sampled with non-invasive, semi-invasive and invasive methods were evaluated for their potential to illustrate the disease’s clinical course, to correlate to clinical variables and to predict clinical outcomes, ECOPD etiology and response to treatment. According to published data several pulmonary biomarkers assessed in ECOPD have the potential to illustrate the natural history of disease through the modification of their levels. Among the clinically relevant molecules, those that have been studied the most and appear to be promising are spontaneous and induced sputum biomarkers for reflecting clinical severity and symptomatic recovery, as well as for directing towards an etiological diagnosis. Current evidence on the clinical usefulness of exhaled breath condensate and bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers in ECOPD is limited. In conclusion, pulmonary biomarkers have the potential to provide information on the mechanisms underlying ECOPD, and several correlate with clinical variables and outcomes. However, on the basis of published evidence, no single molecule is adequately validated for wide clinical use. Clinical trials that incorporate biomarkers in decisional algorithms are required.     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺部感染病原菌与肠道定植菌的关系

目的 探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺部感染病原菌与肠道定植菌的关系,为后续研究提供参考。 方法 选择2018年7月至2019年7月我院呼吸内科收治的60例COPD患者作为研究对象,根据是否合并肺部感染将患者分为感染组(n=38)和未感染组(n=22)。收集患者痰和粪便标本进行细菌培养,比较两组患者痰和粪便细菌检出情况,并对痰培养及粪便培养结果进行直线相关回归分析。 结果 感染组患者痰标本中铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌及大肠埃希菌检出率高于未感染组(均P结论 老年COPD合并肺部感染患者病原菌与肠道定植菌具有一定相关性,临床治疗中应重视COPD患者肠道微生态平衡以降低肺部感染发生率。     

Airway wall thickness is increased in COPD patients with bronchodilator responsiveness

Rationale

Bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) is a common but variable phenomenon in COPD. The CT characteristics of airway dimensions that differentiate COPD subjects with BDR from those without BDR have not been well described. We aimed to assess airway dimensions in COPD subjects with and without BDR.

Methods

We analyzed subjects with GOLD 1–4 disease in the COPDGene® study who had CT airway analysis. We divided patients into two groups: BDR + (post bronchodilator ΔFEV₁ ≥ 10%) and BDR-(post bronchodilator ΔFEV₁ < 10%). The mean wall area percent (WA%) of six segmental bronchi in each subject was quantified using VIDA. Using 3D SLICER, airway wall thickness was also expressed as the square root wall area of an airway of 10 mm (Pi10) and 15 mm (Pi15) diameter. %Emphysema and %gas trapping were also calculated.

Results

2355 subjects in the BDR-group and 1306 in the BDR + group formed our analysis. The BDR + group had a greater Pi10, Pi15, and mean segmental WA% compared to the BDR-group. In multivariate logistic regression using gender, race, current smoking, history of asthma, %emphysema, %gas trapping, %predicted FEV₁, and %predicted FVC, airway wall measures remained independent predictors of BDR. Using a threshold change in FEV₁ ≥ 15% and FEV₁ ≥ 12% and 200 mL to divide patients into groups, the results were similar.

Conclusion

BDR in COPD is independently associated with CT evidence of airway pathology. This study provides us with greater evidence of changes in lung structure that correlate with physiologic manifestations of airflow obstruction in COPD.     

高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床特点分析

目的:了解高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的临床和实验室检查特点。方法:收集2012年1月至2013年7月我院收治的80岁以上COPD患者(高龄组)和80岁以下COPD患者(非高龄组)各50例的临床资料,比较两组的临床特征、合并症、实验室检查和临床治疗结果。结果:①与非高龄组比较,高龄组既往慢性支气管炎病史和平均住院天数均显著延长,因急性发作的入院率、死亡率和平均住院总费用均显著增高,喘息、呼吸困难和下肢浮肿的发生率均显著增高(P0.05)。②高龄组患者合并基础疾病者更多,以高血压、心功能不全、冠心病、心律失常和脑血管病后遗症为主,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。③高龄组C反应蛋白、B型尿钠肽前体、肌红蛋白和高敏肌钙蛋白均显著升高,总蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白水平显著降低(P0.05)。④高龄组胸腔积液和左心室舒张功能显著降低的发生率显著升高(P0.05),但两组咳嗽、咳痰、发热及合并呼吸衰竭、糖尿病和肿瘤的发生率无显著性差异(P0.05);且两组白细胞总数,中性粒细胞百分比、降钙素原、肌酸磷酸激酶、血气分析包括PH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压和氧饱和度比较无显著性差异(P0.05);两组肺部炎症、肺气肿、肺大泡、陈旧性肺结核、左心室收缩功能降低的发生率和心电图检查比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。⑤两组治疗方法和治疗结果亦无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:高龄COPD患者急性发作临床症状不典型,白细胞总数和中性粒细胞升高亦不显著,需要重视出现的喘息,呼吸困难和下肢浮肿症状。患者症状隐匿,常因病情突然加重而急诊入院;高龄COPD患者合并症多,基础疾病与COPD急性加重症状易重叠,导致病情复杂、危重使治疗费用和住院时间明显延长。高龄COPD患者更易合并心血管疾病,贫血和低蛋白血症是其预后不良的敏感指标。     

高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床特点分析

目的：了解高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的临床和实验室检查特点。方法：收集2012 年1 月至2013 年7 月我院收治的80 岁以上COPD 患者（高龄组）和80 岁以下COPD 患者（非高龄组）各50 例的临床资料,比较两组的临床特征、合并症、实验室检查和临床治疗结果。结果：①与非高龄组比较,高龄组既往慢性支气管炎病史和平均住院天数均显著延长,因急性发作的入院率、死亡率和平均住院总费用均显著增高,喘息、呼吸困难和下肢浮肿的发生率均显著增高（P〈0.05）。②高龄组患者合并基础疾病者更多,以高血压、心功能不全、冠心病、心律失常和脑血管病后遗症为主,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。③高龄组C 反应蛋白、B型尿钠肽前体、肌红蛋白和高敏肌钙蛋白均显著升高,总蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白水平显著降低（P〈0.05）。④高龄组胸腔积液和左心室舒张功能显著降低的发生率显著升高（P〈0.05）,但两组咳嗽、咳痰、发热及合并呼吸衰竭、糖尿病和肿瘤的发生率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;且两组白细胞总数,中性粒细胞百分比、降钙素原、肌酸磷酸激酶、血气分析包括PH 值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压和氧饱和度比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;两组肺部炎症、肺气肿、肺大泡、陈旧性肺结核、左心室收缩功能降低的发生率和心电图检查比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。⑤两组治疗方法和治疗结果亦无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：高龄COPD 患者急性发作临床症状不典型,白细胞总数和中性粒细胞升高亦不显著,需要重视出现的喘息,呼吸困难和下肢浮肿症状。患者症状隐匿,常因病情突然加重而急诊入院;高龄COPD患者合并症多,基础疾病与COPD急性加重症状易重叠,导致病情复杂、危重使治疗费用和住院时间明显延长。高龄COPD 患者更易合并心血管疾病,贫血和低蛋白血症是其预后不良的敏感指标。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者咽部菌群与免疫指标的相关性

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期患者咽部菌群与免疫指标的相关性,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法选取2016年6月至2019年8月期间于我院就诊的125例COPD患者作为研究对象,其中急性加重期60例(急性加重组),缓解期65例(缓解组)。选取同期于我院进行健康体检者60例作为对照组。比较3组对象咽部菌群检出情况和CD3~+细胞、CD4~+细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+水平,并进行Spearman相关性分析。结果急性加重组患者咽部草绿色链球菌(33.3%)、干燥奈瑟菌(25.0%)比例及菌群多样性(4.713±0.786)显著低于缓解组和对照组(均P0.05),致病菌铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌等比例及菌群总密集度均显著高于缓解组和对照组(均P0.05)。急性加重组患者CD3~+细胞、CD4~+细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+水平均显著低于缓解组和对照组(均P0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,COPD急性加重期患CD3~+细胞、CD4~+细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+水平与菌群总密集度均呈负相关,与菌群多样性均呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论 COPD急性加重期患者存在明显咽部菌群失衡,可引起机体免疫状态的紊乱。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者和坠积性肺炎患者肺内病原菌比较及感染影响因素分析

目的对比老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者和坠积性肺炎患者肺内一般病原菌和多重耐药菌的分布,同时分析COPD患者和坠积性肺炎患者多重耐药菌感染的影响因素。方法对入选COPD患者和坠积性肺炎患者下呼吸道痰标本进行培养和鉴定,对比两组患者病原菌以及多重耐药菌的检出率,同时比较两组患者性别、年龄、住院时间、糖尿病病史、有创机械通气治疗和留置尿管等因素对多重耐药菌感染的影响。结果 COPD患者革兰阴性菌的检出率(48.39%)显著低于坠积性肺炎患者(66.13%),COPD患者真菌的检出率(11.06%)显著高于坠积性肺炎患者(2.42%)。两组患者检出的多重耐药菌均以产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肠杆菌科细菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和多重耐药/泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌为主。COPD患者中感染多重耐药菌患者的年龄和住院时间显著高于非感染患者;坠积性肺炎患者中感染多重耐药菌患者的住院时间、机械通气治疗率和留置尿管使用率显著高于非感染患者。结论影响老年COPD患者和坠积性肺炎患者多重耐药菌感染的因素有区别,应有针对性地应用抗生素以减少多重耐药菌的感染。     

慢性阻塞性肺病继发真菌性肺炎患者痰培养结果及其发病高危因素分析

目的分析慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)继发真菌性肺炎患者痰液细菌培养结果,并分析其发病高危因素。方法选择2016年1月至2019年1月我院收治的85例COPD继发真菌性肺炎患者纳为观察组,采集患者痰液标本进行真菌培养并统计培养结果。选择同期80例未发生真菌性肺炎的COPD患者作为对照组。比较两组患者性别、年龄、糖皮质激素使用情况等资料,并分析COPD患者继发真菌性肺炎的危险因素。结果 85例COPD继发真菌性肺炎患者中共检出87株病原性真菌。痰培养结果中白假丝酵母(41.38%)与曲霉菌属(28.74%)占比最高。观察组与对照组患者使用广谱抗菌药物、发生低蛋白血症、机械通气、糖皮质激素使用及合并糖尿病情况差异均有统计学意义(χ~2或t=19.55、20.82、14.53、22.77、7.43,P0.05),而两组患者性别构成比及年龄差异无统计学意义(χ~2或t=0.17、1.61,P0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析提示,使用糖皮质激素与广谱抗菌药物、发生低蛋白血症及机械通气史均是导致COPD继发真菌性肺炎的独立危险因素(OR=7.493、4.802、5.900、1.799,P0.05)。结论在预防COPD继发真菌性感染时应合理并控制性使用糖皮质激素与广谱抗菌药物,积极纠正低蛋白血症,缩短患者通气时间并保证在无菌条件下进行机械通气。     

微生态制剂联合莫西沙星序贯疗法对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并下呼吸道感染患者肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响

目的 探究微生态制剂联合莫西沙星序贯疗法对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并下呼吸道感染患者肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响。 方法 选取2016年2月到2019年2月我院收治的98例老年COPD合并下呼吸道感染患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各49例。对照组患者采用莫西沙星序贯法进行治疗。观察组患者采用微生态制剂联合莫西沙星治疗。检测两组患者下呼吸道感染病原菌及肠道微生物变化,T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4+细胞,CD8+细胞,CD4+/CD8+)水平,并评价患者临床效果和并发症情况。 结果 治疗后两组患者CAT评分(8.23±3.64、10.41±4.08)和mMRC评分(1.35±0.82、1.77±0.61)均低于治疗前(23.01±4.47、22.87±5.26、2.79±0.54、3.04±0.74),且观察组下降幅度大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗后两组患者肠道双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、粪肠球菌数量均高于治疗前,大肠埃希菌数量均低于治疗前,且观察组改善情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P+细胞、CD4+/CD8+均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P+细胞数量治疗前后及组间比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗后观察组患者腹胀(18.4%)、胃潴留(20.4%)发生率均低于对照组(36.7%、38.8%),差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。 结论 微生态制剂联合莫西沙星序贯疗法治疗老年COPD合并下呼吸道感染能促进患者肠道微生态平衡,调节免疫功能,进而改善患者病情。     

阿奇霉素联合辛伐他汀对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者肺功能的影响

目的:探讨阿奇霉素联合辛伐他汀治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压的临床疗效及对患者肺功能的影响。方法:选取2013年6月-2016年3月我院收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者107例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组(49例)与实验组(58例)。对照组患者采用阿奇霉素治疗,实验组患者在对照组基础上给予辛伐他汀治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效、不良反应以及肺功能指标的变化情况。结果:实验组患者治疗有效率(87.93%)高于对照组(73.47%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后1 s用力呼吸容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV1/FVC水平均升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组患者治疗后1 s用力呼吸容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV1/FVC水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清总胆固醇(TC)及三酰甘油(TG)水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组患者治疗后血清总胆固醇(TC)及三酰甘油(TG)水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿奇霉素联合辛伐他汀治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压的临床效果显著,不仅能够改善患者肺功能,降低血脂相关指标水平,并且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

Atopy is a risk factor for respiratory symptoms in COPD patients: results from the EUROSCOP study

Background

The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and remains poorly understood. The European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (EUROSCOP) investigated long-term effects of budesonide; 18% of the COPD participants were atopic. So far effects of atopy on the long-term course of COPD have not been elucidated.

Methods

Factors related to the presence of atopy (positive phadiatop) in 1277 mild-to-moderate COPD patients participating in EUROSCOP were analysed using regression analysis. Incidence and remission of respiratory symptoms during 3-year follow-up were analysed using generalised estimating equations models, and association of atopy with lung function decline using linear mixed effects models.

Results

Independent predisposing factors associated with the presence of atopy were: male gender (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.47–3.34), overweight/obese (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.04–1.92) and lower age (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99). Atopy was associated with a higher prevalence of cough (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.26–2.34) and phlegm (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.10–2.03), but not with lung function levels or FEV₁ decline. Atopic COPD patients not treated with budesonide had an increased incidence of cough over time (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.03–3.08, p = 0.038), while those treated with budesonide had increased remission of cough (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.11–3.37, p = 0.02) compared to non-atopic COPD patients.

Conclusions

Atopic COPD patients are more likely male, have overweight/obesity and are younger as compared with non-atopic COPD patients. Atopy in COPD is associated with an increased incidence and prevalence of respiratory symptoms. If atopic COPD patients are treated with budesonide, they more often show remission of symptoms compared to non-atopic COPD patients who are treated with budesonide. We recommend including atopy in the diagnostic work-up and management of COPD.