Structure of salmonellal transmissive resistance to antibiotics]

The structure of transmissive resistance to antibiotics was studied in 1260 Salmonella strains of 57 serotypes and R-plasmid resistance was found in the representatives of 13 (31.6 per cent) serotypes. The transmissive resistance correlated with multiple resistance to 4--10 antibiotics. The rate of occurrence of the transmissive R-plasmids was markedly higher in the bipathogenic serotypes. The structure of the R-plasmid resistance was most pronounced and diverse in S. typhimurium. It was usually revealed simultaneously with registration of the hospital infection. The plasmid with the determinants of resistance to erythromycin and benzylpenicillin was found only in this serotype. The nature of resistance and spectrum of transmissive resistance to antibiotics in Salmonella may serve as an additional epidemiological feature of the strains.     

The incidence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp on freshly processed poultry from US Midwestern processing plants

AIMS: To determine the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp. on processed poultry (turkey) at Midwestern poultry plants. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two participating plants were visited at monthly intervals for a period of 1 year. Surface swabs were obtained from carcasses at two selected points on the production line, pre- and post-chill. In addition, samples of the chill water from chill tanks were also examined. Isolation and detection of Salmonella spp. from carcass swabs and chill water was carried out using standard enrichment techniques. Immunomagnetic separation was used to enhance the recovery of the pathogen. Salmonella isolates recovered were identified, serotyped and their antimicrobial resistance profiles determined using the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Results from the study indicated that the overall incidence of Salmonella was approx. 16.7%, with a greater incidence of the pathogen observed on pre-chill than post-chill carcasses. Salmonella isolates recovered displayed resistance to an average of four different antimicrobials. Approximately 15 different serotypes of Salmonella spp. were recovered, with Salmonella serotype Agona, Salmonella serotype Hadar, Salmonella serotype Heidelberg and Salmonella serotype Senftenberg being the most common. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of Salmonella spp. was relatively low and isolates recovered showed significant degrees of antimicrobial resistance. Factors such as the processing plant examined, the season and farms that were presenting animals for processing influenced the incidence of the pathogen. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Differences were observed in the serotypes of Salmonella recovered and the types of antimicrobial resistance found at the two plants. The study suggests that the use of antimicrobials at the farm level influences the creation of an environment that promotes the selection of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp. The incidence, isolation and detection of Salmonella spp. on processed poultry are discussed.     

杭州地区多重耐药沙门氏菌的耐药特征

【背景】沙门氏菌是重要的食源性致病菌,其多重耐药现象不容忽视。【目的】分析杭州地区临床来源多重耐药沙门氏菌的耐药特征和感染状况。【方法】利用微量肉汤稀释法对339株沙门氏菌进行14类28种药物的最低抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC)测定,对同时耐3类或3类以上药物的多种耐药株进行耐药特征、血清型分布等分析,并对其进行Xba I酶切及脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis,PFGE)。【结果】从339株沙门氏菌中检出234株多重耐药株,多重耐药率达69.03%,近3年数据比较结果显示差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.117,P=0.943);以同时耐4-8类药物的菌株多见,合计占总菌株数的56.93%(193/339);大部分多重耐药沙门氏菌(199/234,85.04%)同时耐5-13种药物;菌株的耐药模式较为分散,相对优势的耐药谱为AMP-AMS-NAl-STR-SUL(10株,4.27%)和AMP-STR-TET-MIN-DOX-SUL(7株,2.99%);鼠伤寒单相变种和德尔卑血清型的多重耐药现象较为突出,其多重耐药率分别为97.06%(66/68)和100%(11/11);234株多重耐药沙门氏菌分为162个PFGE带型,相似度为44.2%-100%,其带型呈散在多态性;PFGE带型相同的菌株,其耐药类别和耐药谱不一定相同,PFGE带型不同的菌株,其耐药类别和耐药谱也可能相同。【结论】杭州地区临床来源沙门氏菌多重耐药现象普遍,但耐药谱分散,耐药表型呈多样性,而且PFGE带型呈散在多态性,与耐药表型也不存在对应关系。其基因组特征和主要食物来源有待于进一步研究。     

Accessory replicons of species of Salmonella and Shigella.

Shigella and Salmonella strains isolated from clinical samples were examined. Out of 42 Shigella strains tested, 17 (40%) were found to be colicinogenic and another 3 were lysogenic. All three lysogens yielded a phage antigenically homologous to coliphage P2. Out of 30 strains tested, only 1 was found to be resistant to both neomycin and sulfamethoxazole. Out of 48 strains of Salmonella tested for drug resistance, only 2 showed multiple drug resistance. In contrast to Shigella isolates, the Salmonella isolates were infrequently (approximately 5%) bacteriocinogenic. The frequency of lysogeny in Salmonella strains was found to be 6% when tested on Salmonella typhimurium LT2, but by using a set of five indicators belonging to species Salmonella potsdam, Salmonella mbadanka, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella london, and Salmonella wandsworth, 50% of the strains were shown to be lysogenic. Salmonella phages related to P22 were recoverable from Salmonella saintpaul, Salmonella indiana, and Salmonella heidelberg. Some isolates of S. typhimurium yielded a temperature-sensitive and P22-heterologous phage which was found to be a more efficient transducer of bacterial genetic markers than P22. EcoRI-generated fragments of the DNA of some phages permitted the establishment of a clonal descent for some of the wild-type lysogenic bacterial strains. This last observation points out the potential usefulness of prophages as epidemiological markers.     

江苏部分地区食源性和人源沙门氏菌的多重耐药性研究

从江苏省部分地区收集了117个沙门氏菌分离株,其中食物源和人源菌株分别有81株和36株。16种抗生素敏感性试验表明,有111个分离株对2种或2种以上的抗生素有耐药性,人源沙门氏菌分离株的抗生素耐药率比食物源的高,单一抗生素以链霉素耐药率(92.3%,108/117)最高。对5种或5种以上抗生素耐药的分离株有59株(50.4%),其中对特定六种抗生素:氨苄青霉素、氯霉素、链霉素、磺胺、四环素和卡那霉素耐药(ACSSuTK,R型)的菌株有12株。设计18对耐药基因和I类整合子保守区的引物,对36株有不同来源和耐药特征的多重耐药菌株进行耐药基因和I类整合子的检测,PCR扩增结果与抗生素敏感性表型一致。有30株细菌携带有I类整合子,大小为0.3、0.6、1.0、1.2和1.6kb,其中1.6kb(aadA5-dfr17)大小的整合子在25株细菌中分布(24/36)。接合试验表明,氨苄青霉素、氯霉素、链霉素、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和四环素的耐药特性是由接合性质粒携带。结果显示,耐药基因多数由I类整合子和质粒携带,可以通过接合试验发生转移,可移动的DNA成分可能在耐药特性的转移和分布中起到重要作用。     

Plasmid-mediated florfenicol and ceftriaxone resistance encoded by the floR and bla(CMY-2) genes in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Newport isolated in the United States

Multidrug resistance plasmids carrying the bla(CMY-2) gene have been identified in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Newport from the United States. This gene confers decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone, and is most often found in strains with concomitant resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. The bla(CMY-2)-carrying plasmids studied here were shown to also carry the florfenicol resistance gene, floR, on a genetic structure previously identified in Escherichia coli plasmids in Europe. These data indicate that the use of different antimicrobial agents, including phenicols, may serve to maintain multidrug resistance plasmids on which extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance determinants co-exist with other resistance genes in Salmonella.     

鸡蛋生产链中沙门氏菌对抗生素及消毒剂的耐药性研究

为研究鸡蛋生产链中沙门氏菌的污染情况及抗生素、消毒剂耐药情况,本文鉴定了鸡蛋生产链中分离得到的111株沙门氏菌(Salmonella)血清型,并测定了抗生素和消毒剂对沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentrations, MICs),检测了其对抗生素和消毒剂的耐药基因的表达情况。研究结果表明,沙门氏菌对甲氧苄啶(Trimethoprim, TMP)耐药率最高(N=100,P=90.09%),对阿莫西林/克拉维酸(Amoxicillin and clavulanate, AMC)、头孢噻呋钠(Sodium ceftiofur, CFS)、庆大霉素(Gentamicin, CN)敏感。沙门氏菌共产生6种不同的耐药谱型,TMP是最主要的耐药谱型(N=36,P=32.43%),52.25%的菌株(N=58)具有多重耐药性。苯扎氯铵(Benzalkonium chloride, BC)与氯化十六烷基吡啶(Cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC)对沙门氏菌的MIC的范围分别为：8~128 μg/mL、8~256 μg/mL。相对于质控菌株Escherichia coli ATCC10536,101株沙门氏菌对BC和CPC同时具有较高的耐药性(P=90.99%),109株沙门氏菌对抗生素和消毒剂具有共同耐药性(P=98.20%)。抗生素耐药基因检出率最高为blaTEM(N=49, P=44.14%),未检测出qnrA、qnrB、qepA基因,仅检测出qacEΔ1消毒剂耐药基因(N=63, P=56.76%)。抗生素耐药基因sul1和消毒剂耐药基因qacEΔ1具有显著相关性(P<0.01)。S. Derby对TMP、土霉素(Oxytetracycline, OTC)、阿莫西林(Amoxicillin, AML)、环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin, CIP)同时表现较高的耐药性,S. Derby检出了11种抗生素耐药基因,消毒剂耐药基因qacEΔ1的检出率为81.25%(N=52)。鸡场中养殖内环境沙门氏菌对抗生素和消毒剂的耐药率以及耐药基因检出率均高于养殖外环境,鸡蛋包装、储存及销售等环节中沙门氏菌耐药率及耐药基因检出率均较高。由此可见,鸡蛋生产链中沙门氏菌对抗生素、消毒剂耐药性较严重,且存在共同耐药的现象。因此,需要进一步规范防控鸡场中沙门氏菌,规范抗生素和消毒剂的使用以及加强鸡蛋生产链条中卫生安全的监管。     

Prevalence, seasonal occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in poultry retail products in Greece

Aims: To detect the prevalence, the seasonal occurrence and distribution of Salmonella serotypes in poultry products and to determine the resistance profile of Salmonella isolates. Method and Results: A total of 96 skin-on chicken carcasses and 30 liver samples were analysed between May 2007 and May 2009 from twenty-two different commercial farm brands found in retail market countrywide. Salmonella was isolated from 38 (39·5%) of 96 chicken carcasses and from 10 (33·3%) of 30 liver samples. Higher isolation rate (60·4%) was observed in carcasses detected during summer (May to October), and lower isolation rate (18·7%) was observed in carcasses detected during winter (November to April); in liver samples, the positive rates were 53·4 and 13·2%, respectively. Twelve serotypes were detected with the serotypes Hadar, Enteritidis and Blockley being the most prevalent at 29·2, 22·9 and 12·5%, respectively. Nine of 11 Salm. Enteritidis isolates occurred during summer. Of 48 isolates, 38 (79%) were resistant to one or more of the antimicrobial agents used. The highest resistance rates were found to the following antimicrobials: streptomycin (64·5%), tetracycline (56·2%), nalidixic acid (39·5%), ampicillin and rifampicin (33·3%). Conclusions: The relatively high Salmonella spp. contamination rates of raw chicken meat and liver have been detected. Salm. Enteritidis isolates peaked in summer, increasing the risk to human health. Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella still remains a threat as resistance plasmids may be extensively shared between animal and humans. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study enabled us to improve the data on the seasonal occurrence of Salmonella and to determine the antimicrobial pattern profile and trends in Salmonella strains isolated from poultry retail products in Greece.     

Microarray analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica from preharvest poultry environment

Aims:  To detect antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from turkey flocks using the microarray technology.
Methods and Results:  A 775 gene probe oligonucleotide microarray was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes in 34 isolates. All tetracycline-resistant Salmonella harboured tet(A) , tet(C) or tet(R) , with the exception of one Salmonella serotype Heidelberg isolate. The sul1 gene was detected in 11 of 16 sulfisoxazole-resistant isolates. The aadA , aadA1 , aadA2 , strA or strB genes were found in aminoglycoside-resistant isolates of Salm. Heidelberg, Salmonella serotype Senftenberg and untypeable Salmonella . The prevalence of mobile genetic elements, such as class I integron and transposon genes, in drug-resistant Salmonella isolates suggested that these elements may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in the preharvest poultry environment. Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated a close relationship between drug-resistant phenotypes and the corresponding antimicrobial resistance gene profiles.
Conclusions:  Salmonella serotypes isolated from the poultry environment carry multiple genes that can render them resistant to several antimicrobials used in poultry and humans.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental Salmonella isolates could be identified efficiently by microarray analysis. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the data was also found to be a useful tool for analysing emerging patterns of drug resistance.     

Detection of Salmonella spp. in retail raw food samples from Vietnam and characterization of their antibiotic resistance

A study was conducted to examine the levels of Salmonella spp. contamination in raw food samples, including chicken, beef, pork, and shellfish, from Vietnam and to determine their antibiotic resistance characteristics. A total of 180 samples were collected and examined for the presence of Salmonella spp., yielding 91 Salmonella isolates. Sixty-one percent of meat and 18% of shellfish samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. Susceptibility of all isolates to a variety of antimicrobial agents was tested, and resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin/amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, sulfafurazole, and streptomycin was found in 40.7%, 22.0%, 18.7%, 16.5%, and 14.3% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance to enrofloxacin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and gentamicin was also detected (8.8 to 2.2%). About half (50.5%) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and multiresistant Salmonella isolates, resistant to at least three different classes of antibiotics, were isolated from all food types. One isolate from chicken (serovar Albany) contained a variant of the Salmonella genomic island 1 antibiotic resistance gene cluster. The results show that antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. in raw food samples from Vietnam is significant.     

Characterization of multiple-antimicrobial-resistant salmonella serovars isolated from retail meats

A total of 133 Salmonella isolates recovered from retail meats purchased in the United States and the People's Republic of China were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes, and horizontal transfer of characterized antimicrobial resistance determinants via conjugation. Seventy-three (82%) of these Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Resistance to the following antibiotics was common among the United States isolates: tetracycline (68% of the isolates were resistant), streptomycin (61%), sulfamethoxazole (42%), and ampicillin (29%). Eight Salmonella isolates (6%) were resistant to ceftriaxone. Fourteen isolates (11%) from the People's Republic of China were resistant to nalidixic acid and displayed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. A total of 19 different antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in 30 multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates. The bla(CMY-2) gene, encoding a class A AmpC beta-lactamase, was detected in all 10 Salmonella isolates resistant to extended-spectrum beta-lactams. Resistance to ampicillin was most often associated with a TEM-1 family beta-lactamase gene. Six aminoglycoside resistance genes, aadA1, aadA2, aacC2, Kn, aph(3)-IIa, and aac(3)-IVa, were commonly present in the Salmonella isolates. Sixteen (54%) of 30 Salmonella isolates tested had integrons ranging in size from 0.75 to 2.7 kb. Conjugation studies demonstrated that there was plasmid-mediated transfer of genes encoding CMY-2 and TEM-1-like beta-lactamases. These data indicate that Salmonella isolates recovered from retail raw meats are commonly resistant to multiple antimicrobials, including those used for treating salmonellosis, such as ceftriaxone. Genes conferring antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella are often carried on integrons and plasmids and could be transmitted through conjugation. These mobile DNA elements have likely played an important role in transmission and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants among Salmonella strains.     

Influence of the oral administration of indigenous microorganisms on the resistance of mice to Salmonella infection

The influence of the oral administration of killed bifidobacteria, lactobacteria, bacteroids and fusobacteria on the anti- Salmonella resistance of mice, infected orally with S. dublin, was studied. Bifidobacteria and lactobacteria were shown to produce a dose-dependent immunostimulating effect. The oral administration of killed bifidobacteria and lactobacteria led to the enhanced resistance of mice to Salmonella infection. The oral administration of killed bifidobacteria was conductive to the normalization of the intestinal microflora in dysbacteriosis developing in cases of Salmonella infection. Bacteroids and fusobacteria were found to possess no such effect.     

Aquarium pets as a source of antibiotic-resistant salmonellae.

Thirteen serotypes of Salmonella isolated from imported ornamental aquarium frogs, snails, and their waters were shown to be multi-drug-resistant. Among the resistances exhibited were resistance to gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, cephalothin, and nalidixic acid. Frog isolates displayed eight different patterns and snails isolates had two different resistance patterns. The most common serotype, Salmonella typhimurium, was resistant to 18 antibacterials while other salmonellae were resistant to 9 to 16 antibacterials. Resistances in S. typhimurium and S. bovis-morbificans were conjugative and a number of R plasmids participated in the resistance. The plasmid-mediated resistance in S. typhimurium was stable and the levels of resistance conferred were markedly higher than in the other salmonellae tested. Resistance of other serotypes was non-conjugative and resistance to the beta-lactam antibiotics was unstable.     

Impedance characterization of a piezoelectric immunosensor part II: Salmonella typhimurium detection using magnetic enhancement

This study investigated the usefulness and characteristics of a 5-MHz quartz crystal resonator as a sensor of biological pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium. An impedance analyzer measured the impedance behavior of the oscillating quartz crystal exposed to various concentrations of Salmonella (10(2)-10(8) cells per ml). The Salmonella cells were captured by antibody-coated paramagnetic microspheres, and then these complexes were moved magnetically to the sensing quartz and were captured by antibodies immobilized on the crystal surface. The response of the crystal was expressed in terms of equivalent circuit parameters. The motional inductance and the motional resistance increased as a function of the concentration of Salmonella. The viscous damping was the main contributor to the resistance and the inductance in a liquid environment. The load resistance was the most effective and sensitive circuit parameter. A magnetic force was a useful method to collect the complexes of Salmonella-microspheres on the crystal surface and enhance the response of the sensor. In this system, the detection limit, based on resistance monitoring, was about 10(3) cells per ml.     

The effect of an artificial magnetic field on Salmonella infection in mice]

Experimental Salmonella infection in mice, developing simultaneously with the prolonged action of an artificial constant magnetic field with induction equal to 3 x 10(-4) T, was found to induce a pronounced decrease in nonspecific resistance in the animals. The study of Salmonella population structure revealed that the cells selected the animals subjected to the action of the artificial magnetic field had mostly a lesser number of signs of antibiotic resistance. By the end of the experiment Salmonella cultures isolated from the mice subjected to the action of the artificial magnetic field were characterized by greater virulence and resistance to the bactericidal action of blood serum. The use of sodium nucleinate under the conditions of the action of the artificial magnetic field enhanced the level of anti-infectious protection in the animals, which changed the direction of cell selection in Salmonella population towards cells with a greater number of markers of antibiotic resistance.     

Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and common loons (Gavia immer) in Florida.

Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella spp. were found in double-crested cormorants and common loons in Florida. Single or multiple resistance occurred in all Salmonella agona isolates from cormorants, primarily to ampicillin, sulfonamids, streptomycin, neomycin, and kanamycin. Similar patterns of resistance were found in S. agona isolates from common loons. In addition, isolates of S. Saint paul from loons were found resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin, while 2 of 7 isolates of S. infantis were resistant to tetracycline only.     

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolates from US cattle in feedlots in 1999 and 2000

AIMS: Faecal samples from cattle in US feedlots were evaluated for the presence of Salmonella. When Salmonella isolates were recovered the antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Faecal samples were collected from pen floors in 73 feedlots in 12 states during the period from October 1999 to September 2000. Pens of cattle selected for sampling were those that had been in the feedlot for the shortest period of time, the longest period of time and a randomly selected pen from the remaining pens. Faecal samples were cultured for Salmonella spp. and all Salmonella isolates were categorized by serotype. The susceptibilities of all isolates were determined using a panel of 17 antimicrobials. Overall, 6.3% (654/10,417) of the samples cultured positive for Salmonella spp. and 22.2% (94/422) of pens and 50.7% (37/73) of feedlots had one or more positive samples. There was little difference in the proportion of positive samples from short-fed (6.1%, 212/3482), random (6.4%, 217/3400) and long-fed (6.4%, 224/3485) pens of cattle. One of two pens of cattle that could not be attributed to a pen type had a single positive sample (2.0%, 1/50). Samples collected during the period of April to June (6.8%, 209/3054) and July to September (11.4%, 286/2500) were more likely to be positive than those collected during October to December (4.0%, 73/1838) and January to March (2.8%, 86/3025). The most common serotypes of Salmonella were dissimilar from those that are typically seen in human illness and cattle illness. The majority of isolates (62.8%, 441/702) were sensitive to all of the antimicrobials tested. Resistance was most frequently observed to tetracycline (35.9%, 252/702) followed by streptomycin (11.1%, 78/702), ampicillin (10.4%, 73/702) and chloramphenicol (10.4%, 73/702). Multiple resistance (resistance to > or =2 antimicrobials) was observed for 11.7% (82/702) of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Salmonella was isolated at low frequency from faeces of feedlot cattle and the serotypes were not those commonly associated with human illness. In addition most of the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study contributes to understanding the ecology of Salmonella in cattle feedlots and the prevalence of resistance among potential food-borne pathogens.     

Towards more virulent and antibiotic-resistant Salmonella?

Salmonella are well-known pathogens. Virulence determinants can be present on the chromosome, usually encoded on pathogenicity islands, or on plasmids and bacteriophages. Antibiotic resistance determinants usually are encoded on plasmids, but can also be present on the multidrug resistance region of Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1). Virulence plasmids show a remarkable diversity in the combination of virulence factors they encode, which appears to adapt them to specific hosts and the ability to cause gastroenteritidis or systemic disease. The appearance of plasmids with two replicons may help to extend the host range of these plasmids and thereby increase the virulence of previously non- or low pathogenic serovars. Antibiotic resistance among Salmonella is also increasing. This increase is not only in the percentage isolates resistant to a particular antibiotic, but also the development of resistance against newer antibiotics. The increased occurrence of integrons is particularly worrying. Integrons can harbour a varying set of antibiotic resistance encoding gene cassettes. Gene cassettes can be exchanged between integrons. Although the gene cassettes currently present in Salmonella integrons encode for older antibiotics (however, some still frequently used) gene cassettes encoding resistance against the newest antibiotics has been documented in Enterobacteriaceae. Furthermore, beta-lactamases with activity against broad-spectrum cephalosporins, which are often used in empiric therapy, have been found associated with integrons. So, empiric treatment of Salmonella infections becomes increasingly more difficult. The most worrisome finding is that virulence and resistance plasmids form cointegrates. These newly formed plasmids can be selected by antibiotic pressure and thereby for virulence factors. Taken together these trends may lead to more virulent and antibiotic-resistant Salmonella.     

健康猪直肠粪便中沙门菌I类整合子与耐药基因的检测

目的了解安徽省规模化猪场健康猪直肠粪便中沙门菌分离株多重耐药情况及其与I类整合子和耐药基因的携带关系。方法采用标准K-B纸片法对22株沙门菌分离株进行15种抗生素敏感试验;应用PCR技术对沙门菌分离株进行I类整合子及耐药基因检测。结果 22株沙门菌分离株中有20株(90.91%)对2种以上抗生素耐药,属于多重耐药株,羧氨苄青霉素-四环素-卡那霉素-氯霉素-氟苯尼考是主要多重耐药谱;22株沙门菌中有19株(86.4%)携带I类整合子,tetB、aph(3)-IIa和cmlA基因分别检出最高。结论沙门菌多重耐药性与整合子携带之间的关系密切,耐药表型测定结果与耐药基因检测结果基本一致,基因组DNA携带的耐药基因种类多于质粒。