基质对中国特有濒危蕨类中国蕨配子体形态发育和繁殖的影响

采用4种培养基质对中国蕨(Sinopteris grevilleoides)孢子进行培养,结果显示:不同基质上中国蕨配子体和幼孢子体生长发育存在差异,尤其是心形原叶体的形态差别明显;腐叶土基质上的心形原叶体上未见颈卵器的发生,因而其有性繁殖过程不能完成;原生境土和腐叶土1:1混合土基质最适合中国蕨配子体生长发育及有性繁殖;改良Knop's琼脂培养基上要保证幼孢子体正常生长需追加培养液.     

基质对中国特有濒危蕨类中国蕨配子体形态发育和繁殖的影响(英文)

采用4种培养基质对中国蕨(Sinopteris grevilleoides)孢子进行培养,结果显示:不同基质上中国蕨配子体和幼孢子体生长发育存在差异,尤其是心形原叶体的形态差别明显;腐叶土基质上的心形原叶体上未见颈卵器的发生,因而其有性繁殖过程不能完成;原生境土和腐叶土1∶1混合土基质最适合中国蕨配子体生长发育及有性繁殖;改良Knop′s琼脂培养基上要保证幼孢子体正常生长需追加培养液。     

刺齿贯众及贯众配子体发育的培养观察

用腐叶土为基质培养刺齿贯众和贯众的孢子,在光学显微镜下观察其配子体的发育过程.结果表明.刺齿贯众和贯众的配子体发育特征极为相似:孢子均为单裂缝,具周壁,培养5～7 d后萌发;原丝体形态多样;35.d后发育为原叶体,心形,具毛状体;60 d后性器出现,多数为雌雄异株;85～90d后配子体发育出幼孢子体.     

4种蕨类植物的孢子繁殖研究

蕨类植物的资源开发越来越受到重视,但目前的孢子繁殖技术还不够成熟,已成为其市场扩大的制约因素。本研究对4种有代表性的资源型蕨类植物乌毛蕨(Blechnum orientale)、荚果蕨(Matteuccia struthiopteris)、假鞭叶铁线蕨(Adiantum malesianum)和水蕨(Ceratopteris thalictroides)进行了孢子繁殖研究,详细观察并记录了繁殖过程中配子体发育各阶段出现的特征和时间。其中以水蕨的发育周期最短,从播种到形成幼孢子体约33天;假鞭叶铁线蕨发育周期最长,约73天;乌毛蕨和荚果蕨的发育周期介于二者之间。结合过去已发表的相关观察资料,对4种蕨类的孢子萌发、原叶体、性器官以及幼孢子体形成等四个生长关键点所出现时间的培养条件进行了分析,结果表明:(1)光照时间越长,孢子萌发天数越短;(2)光照强度越大,原叶体发育天数越长;(3)配子体发育速率在20~25℃范围内与温度无显著相关性。本研究可为进一步探究蕨类植物适宜的繁殖技术体系和开发蕨类资源提供指导。     

华南紫萁和粗齿紫萁的配子体发育研究

以腐叶土为基质 ,对华南紫萁和粗齿紫萁进行了孢子繁殖 ;利用Olympus显微镜观察和记录了它们的孢子萌发和配子体发育过程。结果表明 ,两者的孢子及配子体性状极为相似 :孢子同型 ,三裂缝 ,壁厚 ,含叶绿体 ,萌发快 ;在常温下 ,孢子的存活期短 ;孢子萌发需要光 ,萌发类型为紫萁型 ;丝状体阶段不发达 ,仅 2～ 3个细胞 ;原叶体无毛状体 ,中脉厚 ,精子器和颈卵器较大 ;由原叶体发育成幼孢子体所需时间极长。不同之处 :粗齿紫萁的孢子和精子器大些、颈卵器成对着生、成熟配子体多数为雌雄异株、受精率极低。华南紫萁和粗齿紫萁的孢子及配子体发育特点与紫萁、分株紫萁、绒紫萁、桂皮紫萁的极为相似 ,它们既具有大量的原始性状 ,也具有少数进化性状 ,支持把紫萁科列入原始薄囊蕨纲的观点。此外 ,也从孢子和配子体性状方面说明了紫萁属是一个自然的分类群     

鸟巢蕨孢子繁殖技术研究

研究了鸟巢蕨孢子无菌播种和常规播种两种繁殖方法。结果表明,鸟巢蕨无菌播种中孢子萌发率最高可达66.7%,原叶体在固体培养基上培养不能诱导出孢子体,而需经过振荡培养后才能诱导出孢子体;常规播种法更容易诱导出孢子体,每盆播0.02 g孢子时,每克孢子可产生孢子体4 000株以上,比无菌播种操作简便,成本低。因此,孢子常规播种法更适合于鸟巢蕨规模化生产。     

变异鳞毛蕨的孢子培养与配子体发育研究

应用无菌培养和常规泥土培养两种方法对变异鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris varia)孢子进行了比较研究,并在光学显微镜下观察了其配子体的发育过程.结果表明:蔗糖浓度为2%的1/2MS与MS培养基对孢子萌发时间和萌发率影响不大,但前者较适于孢子萌发,而后者则适于孢子体形成;在1/2MS培养基上,1%的蔗糖浓度比其它浓度更适宜于孢子的萌发.以菜园士为培养基质时,变异鳞毛蕨孢子的萌发时间短且萌发率高,但幼孢子体出现的时间明显晚于无菌培养.孢子萌发为书带蕨型,原叶体发育为三叉蕨型,符合鳞毛蕨属配子体发育的特征.     

四回毛枝蕨配子体发育的研究

采用MS培养基培养四回毛枝蕨孢子,利用光学显微镜详细观察记录了其孢子萌发、配子体发育及幼孢子体形成的整个过程。结果表明:成熟的孢子黑褐色,不透明,极面观圆球形,赤道面观蚕豆型,单裂缝,表面微褶皱。播种后8d左右萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型,配子体发育为三叉蕨型。播种20d左右发育为片状体。播种30d左右形成幼原叶体,幼原叶体暂不对称,成熟原叶体呈蝴蝶形。原叶体边缘及背腹面都具毛状体,数量丰富,单细胞。播种50d左右开始有性器官出现,精子器近圆球形,由3细胞构成,成熟颈卵器颈部由5列细胞构成。原叶体受精后1月内可看到幼胚生成。     

球腺肿足蕨的配子体发育特征及其系统学意义

采用改良Knop’s营养液液体和固体培养基,对球腺肿足蕨的孢子进行人工培养,利用光学显微镜观察其孢子的萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明:成熟的孢子深褐色,不透明,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为豆形,单裂缝,周壁具密集的波纹状褶皱。孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型,原叶体发育类型为三叉蕨型。孢子接种后7d左右萌发,30d左右形成为片状体,50d左右发育为幼原叶体,幼原叶体不对称,但成熟原叶体心脏形对称。原叶体边缘及背腹面都具乳头状毛状体。75d左右精子器出现,精子器近圆球形,由3个细胞构成。90d左右颈卵器出现,成熟颈卵器颈部由4～5列细胞构成,3～5层细胞高。原叶体受精后1个月内可看到幼孢子体生成。最后讨论其系统学意义。     

观察蕨类生活史的好材料——铁线蕨

铁线蕨分布广泛,容易培养,是观察蕨类生活史的好材料。将经过低温处理（4℃）的铁线蕨成熟孢子接种到培养基上,在光照培养箱中培养45 d左右,孢子萌发后长成配子体,培养60 d左右,颈卵器内的受精卵萌发长出幼孢子体。将铁线蕨孢子接种到花盆内的土壤上,在室内培养2～3个月长成配子体,培养4～5个月长出幼孢子体。将培养基上的幼孢子体移栽到花盆土壤中可在室内长期培养,四季常青,孢子囊陆续分化、成熟。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.